腹部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤28例临床分析

目的探讨腹部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的诊治方法。方法回顾性分析28例腹部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的临床表现、影像学特征、病理学特点、治疗方法、疗效和预后。结果28例中17例来源于腹膜后，6例来源于腹腔脏器，3例来源于肠系膜，2例来源于腹壁，主要临床表现为明显消瘦，体重减轻、腹痛和腹部肿块。B超和CT扫描提示腹部占位性病变。肿瘤≥2个24例，单发4例。根治性切除17例，部分切除11例，术后联合化疗16例，联合放疗14例。术后1、3、5年生存率分别为76．9％，26．9％和3．9％。结论腹部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤主要来源于腹膜后，常多发，手术切除是首选的治疗方法，术后联合放化疗，可能改善患者预后。     

胃癌侵袭性对患者血清E-钙粘附素浓度的影响

探讨E-钙粘附素(E-Cd)对人胃癌侵袭性的作用。方法:应用酶联免疫吸附方法测定29例胃癌患者血清可溶性E-Cd浓度。结果:胃癌组明显高于对照组(P<0.01),浸润组或有淋巴结转移组明显高于膨胀组或无淋巴结转移组(P<0.01～0.05),切除瘤体后上述各组的血清E-Cd浓度均明显下降(P<0.01～0.05)。结论:血清可溶性E-Cd浓度可能与人胃癌的生长方式和淋巴结转移密切相关。     

下肢静脉性溃疡外科治疗方法探讨

目的探讨治疗下肢静脉溃疡有效、简单的方法。方法清除下肢静脉溃疡分泌物及坏死组织,创面以胰岛素与庆大霉素混合液湿敷,创面清洁后行常规手术,术后继续用上述方法处理创面。结果全部溃疡创面在1￣6周内愈合,术后35例随诊最短4个月,最长6年无溃疡复发。结论下肢静脉性溃疡应早期手术,术前、术后用胰岛素和庆大霉素混合液湿敷溃疡创面是一种简单、安全、经济、治疗时间短的有效方法。     

腹腔镜和开腹结直肠手术的炎性反应比较

目的对比分析腹腔镜和开腹结直肠手术患者全身和腹腔炎性反应的差异,为腹腔镜手术对结直肠肿瘤中的应用提供理论依据。方法对51例2004年4-8月间收治的乙状结肠和直肠恶性肿瘤患者,采用腹腔镜辅助手术25例(LAP组),开腹手术26例(OPEN组)。术毕骶前留置引流管。观察并比较两组患者的一般情况和炎性反应及与手术相关的各项指标。结果两组患者在年龄、性别、ASA分级、术前血红蛋白及白蛋白水平、肿瘤Dukes分期和手术方式差异均无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。在切口长度、手术时间、肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间的比较中,LAP组占有明显优势(P＜0．05)。腹腔引流量在术后第1天,两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)；而术后2-4 d,LAP组明显低于OPEN组(P＜0．05)。LAP组术后第1天,周围血中性粒细胞[(7．30±2．62)×10~9/L]、白介素(IL)-10[(19．46±3．31)pg/ml]和C反应蛋白(CRP)[(2．76±2．17)mg/dl]水平均显著低于OPEN组(P＜0．05)。术后第4天两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。术后第1天,两组腹腔引流液的IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)及CRP水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05),术后第4天LAP组IL-10 [(22．53±15．47)pg/ml]明显低于OPEN组(P＜0．05)。结论术后早期,腹腔镜结直肠手术的腹腔炎性反应与开腹手术相当,而全身炎性反应较开腹手术轻。腹腔镜结直肠手术临床上体现出恢复快、并发症少、住院天数少的优势。     

经皮椎弓根技术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床探讨

目的:探讨微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性及其疗效。方法:20例胸腰椎骨折病例,男13例,女7例;年龄28~65岁,平均48·2岁。其中16例损伤平面以下无神经功能损害、无双下肢和大小便障碍;4例有不同程度的脊髓损伤,按Frankel分级:C级1例,D级3例。在C形臂X线的定位下确定需要固定的椎弓根根部,做4个1·5cm长的切口,固定与复位均在4个小切口内完成。结果:所有病例均获随访,时间9~18个月,平均15个月。术后患者椎体高度均有不同程度恢复,椎体后凸畸形获得不同程度矫正。手术时间约1·5h,出血量约80ml。结论:微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定手术操作简便、安全可靠,具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短等优点。     

组织工程用外科植入物-高分子材料的加工、改性及应用

介绍了组织工程用外科植入物-生物医用高分子材料基本情况．重点从三个方面介绍了我们的工作，首先我们合成了三种可降解材料：聚羟基烷酸酯、两亲性聚氯酯弹性体、可注射性水凝胶．利用各种方法制造了多种复杂形状的组织工程支架，并对医用支架材料表面进行了改性。     

肛管腺癌49例的临床特点及其治疗

目的 探讨肛管腺癌的临床特点和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析我院1965年1月至2002年3月间收治的肛管腺癌共49例的临床资料。结果 男女比例1．3：1，平均年龄52岁，中位年龄56岁。肛门出血、便条变细和肛门肿物是最常见的症状。36．7％伴有慢性肛周疾病史。治疗后中位随访时间66个月。局部复发和腹股沟淋巴结转移各7例，肺转移2例，锁骨上淋巴结转移和纵隔转移各1例。单纯手术组、单纯放化疗组、综合治疗组（腹会阴联合切除加术后辅助放化疗）和无局部治疗组患者的3年总生存率分别是41，3％、20．0％、56．3％和15．0％，5年总生存率分别是34．4％、0、37．5％和0。结论 早期诊断是改善肛管腺癌预后的最基本保证，综合治疗是目前疗效较好的治疗手段。     

Future perspectives and research initiatives in fast-track surgery

Background and aims Major surgery is still followed by a risk of morbidity, a need for hospitalisation and convalescence. Fast-track surgery has been introduced as a coordinated effort to combine unimodal evidence-based principles of care into a multi-modal effort to enhance recovery. The aim of this article was to update recent data on fast-track abdominal surgery and outline future strategies for research.Results The data from fast-track colonic resection support the validity of the concept because pain, ileus, cardiopulmonary function and muscle function were all improved, compared with traditional treatment and with reduced post-operative fatigue and convalescence. Although less data is available, similar positive results may be achieved in other types of major surgery. Current research initiatives include improved multi-modal non-opioid analgesia, rational principles for perioperative fluid management, pharmacological reduction of surgical stress responses and the role of laparoscopic procedures within the fast-track concept.Conclusions Fast-track surgery has evolved as a valid concept to improve post-operative outcome. Further progress may be expected based upon intensified research within perioperative pathophysiology and a multi-disciplinary collaboration between surgeons, anaesthesiologists and surgical nurses.     

成人腰椎峡部裂型滑脱症的微创治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical experiences and technical skills of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods Twenty-one patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis underwent minimally invasive surgery. There were 12 men and 9 women, with the mean age of 51.7 years. Isthmic spondylolisthe-sis occurred at the L4.5 in 7 patients, and at the L5S1 in 14 patients. According to Meyerding classification, 13 cases were of Grade Ⅰ, 7 of Grade Ⅱ, 1 of Grade Ⅲ. Under general anesthesia, guiding by fluoroscopy, the surgeries performed minimally invasive microendoscopic(METRx) techniques for posterior decompression, interbody cage fusion and novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw techniques for deformity reduction and fixation. Results Seventeen cases were followed up 1 year postoperatively. The average low back pain VAS reduced from preoperative 6.0±2.6 to postoperative 2.9±2.5. The average leg pain VAS decreased from preoperative 6.7±3.3 to postoperative 2.8±1.6. The average ODI decreased from preoperative 44.3% to post-operative 27.1%. The Nakai good and excellent rate was 90%. The mean operative time 170 min, blood loss 160 ml, and postoperative stay in bed 7.5 d. The sagittal spondylolisthesis rate significantly decreased from preoperative 35.5%±2.5% to postoperative 8.3%±7.5%. The lordotic angle from preoperative 11.5°±1.7° in-creased to postoperative 16.8°±9.5°; the intervertebral disc height from preoperative (5.4±2.5) mm increased to postoperative (9.1±3.0) mm. According to Lenke judgement for fusion, complete fusion rate was 76%, in-complete fusion rate was 12%, nonfusion rate was 12%. Conclusion The minimally invasive microendo-scopic (METRx) assisted with a novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw systems for deformity reduction and fixation to treat adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, is not only a minimally invasive and safe surgical tech-nique, also an effective treatment for deformity reduction and fixation.     

原发性肾上腺皮质癌的诊治分析

目的总结和提高原发性肾上腺皮质癌的诊治水平。方法回顾分析16例肾上腺皮质癌患者的临床资料。根据其临床症状、内分泌功能测定、影像学特点做出诊断，手术治疗并随访。结果16例患者中，内分泌功能紊乱者8例，以库欣征、性征异常、醛固酮增多症为主。超声、CT、MRI测定肿瘤直径为4．8～19．5cm，平均7．8cm。3例有远处转移。行根治性切除术13例，侵及同侧肾脏者做肾和肾上腙切除术2例，肾上腺肿瘤并腔静脉癌栓切除2例，腔静脉部分切除1例。病理结果：Ⅰ其耳2例，Ⅱ期8例，Ⅲ期3例，Ⅳ期3例。随访3-62个月，手术2年以上的11例患者中有6例仍存活，但1例肺转移，1例骨转移；死亡5例，平均存活26个月。结论肾上腺皮质癌患者预后差。影像学检查结合临床症状是早期诊断的关键，根治性手术是惟一有效的治疗方法。