The Patterns of Complementary Feeding and Growth among 12 to 23 Month-Old Children in China

Objective This study aimed to understand the characteristics of dietary patterns among children aged 12 to 23 months and discusses the relationship between dietary patterns and the growth of children.Method Cross-sectional data were selected from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for 0 to 18 year-old children in China (n = 2,449) to describe the patterns of complementary feeding and the growth of children. Cluster analysis was used to analyze complementary feeding patterns, and an analysis of variance and Bonferroni test were conducted to analyze the relationship between Z scores and complementary feeding patterns. Results Four dietary patterns were identified among the children via cluster analysis. In Pattern 4 (n =104, 4.2％), children still consumed milk as their staple food. They displayed the lowest grain, fruit, vegetable, egg, and flesh foods consumption, a medium frequency of breast milk consumption, and a high frequency of dairy product consumption. Pattern 4 had the lowest length-for-age Z scores and weight-for-age Z scores, with -0.10 ± 1.34 and 0.24 ± 1.00, respectively (F = 7.940, P < 0.001; F = 5.317, P < 0.001). Conclusion Although China is undergoing rapid urbanization and economic development, there is still a phenomenon of insufficient intake of protein-rich foods and dairy-based dietary patterns at the stage of complementary food introduced among children aged 12 to 23 months.     

Effectiveness of the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine on neutralizing Omicron variant in the Japanese population

IntroductionThe vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 provides humoral immunity to fight COVID-19; however, the acquired immunity gradually declines. Booster vaccination restores reduced humoral immunity; however, its effect on newly emerging variants, such as the Omicron variant, is a concern. As the waves of COVID-19 cases and vaccine programs differ between countries, it is necessary to know the domestic effect of the booster.MethodsSerum samples were obtained from healthcare workers (20–69 years old) in the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine program at the Toyama University Hospital 6 months after the second dose (6mA2D, n = 648) and 2 weeks after the third dose (2wA3D, n = 565). The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody level was measured, and neutralization against the wild-type and variants (Delta and Omicron) was evaluated using pseudotyped viruses. Data on booster-related events were collected using questionnaires.ResultsThe median anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was >30.9-fold elevated after the booster (6mA2D, 710.0 U/mL [interquartile range (IQR): 443.0–1068.0 U/mL]; 2wA3D, 21927 U/mL [IQR: 15321.0–>25000.0 U/mL]). Median neutralizing activity using 100-fold sera against wild-type-, Delta-, and Omicron-derived variants was elevated from 84.6%, 36.2%, and 31.2% at 6mA2D to >99.9%, 99.1%, and 94.6% at 2wA3D, respectively. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were significantly elevated in individuals with fever ≥37.5 °C, general fatigue, and myalgia, local swelling, and local hardness.ConclusionThe booster effect, especially against the Omicron variant, was observed in the Japanese population. These findings contribute to the precise understanding of the efficacy and side effects of the booster and the promotion of vaccine campaigns.     

Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants and child development trajectories through 7 years

Background

Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants such as mold, lead, pesticides, tobacco, and air pollutants has been suggested to impair cognitive development. Evidence is needed from longitudinal studies to understand their joint impact on child development across time.

The morphological and functional significance of the NOS/NO system in the respiratory,osmoregulatory, and contractile organs of the African lungfish

This review aims to summarize the changes of the NOS/NO system which occur in the lungs, gills, kidney, heart, and myotomal muscle of air breathing fish of the genus Protopterus, i.e. P. dolloi and P. annectens, in relation to the switch from freshwater to aestivation, and vice-versa. The modifications of NOS and its partners Akt and Hsp-90, and HIF-1α, detected by immunohistochemical and molecular biology methods, are discussed together with the apoptosis rate, evaluated by TUNEL. We hypothesize that these molecular components are key elements of the stress-induced signal transduction/integration networks which allow the lung?sh to overcome the dramatic environmental challenges experienced at the beginning, during, and at the end of the dry season.     

北京市4～12月龄婴儿辅食添加喂养行为评估

目的 调查了解2009年北京市4～12月龄婴儿喂养现状,为婴儿营养干预提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,在城区和郊区分别抽取431名和469名4～12月龄婴儿为调查对象,通过问卷收集婴儿的基本情况、辅食添加等情况进行统计分析.结果 北京市城区婴儿辅食添加率为94.9％,郊区为92.1％,且随着年龄的增加辅食添加率也增加.除了奶类外,10％左右的婴儿在4月龄前就开始添加辅食,5％左右的婴儿在8个月后才开始添加辅食.与《中国孕期、哺乳期妇女及0～6岁儿童膳食指南》相比,各年龄段婴儿辅食添加量的达标率不高,其中水果的达标率较高,分别为37.3％、60.6％和67.2％.达标率相对较低的是肉类和蛋类.结论 目前,北京市婴儿的喂养还存在一定问题,需要进一步改善.     

语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入术后康复效果评估的研究

目的评估语前聋儿人工耳蜗(CI)植入后听觉、言语和学习能力康复效果及其影响因素。方法采用《听力障碍儿童听觉、语言能力评估标准及方法》,《希-内学习能力测验中国聋人常模修订版》以及《Griffith精神发育量表》,在语前聋患儿CI植入后6个月、12个月分别评估其听觉、言语及学习能力。结果术后6个月,低龄儿组言语最大识别得分、平均综合语言月龄均低于大龄儿(P<0.05)。术后12个月时,两组患儿除平均综合语言月龄外,各评估结果均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论人工耳蜗的康复效果和植入年龄关系密切:植入年龄小者听觉康复较快,植入年龄稍大者言语康复较快。但学习能力不受年龄影响。     

BNP对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能分级和预后判断研究

目的探讨血浆BNP水平与慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者危险分层及预后关系。方法选择CHF患者68例及健康对照组20例,测定血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平及心脏射血分数(LVEF)。结果 CHF组BNP显著高于对照组(P0.01)。CHF组中,随心功能分级升高,BNP水平与患者住院病死率,6个月病死率和6个月再入院率呈线性相关,而LVEF呈负性相关。结论血浆BNP水平能对CHF的危险分层和预后作出评估。     

中德合作举办医学研究生暑期学校的实践与思考

中外合作办学是提升高校办学实力的有效途径之一,也是实施研究生教育创新计划的重大举措。中德医学研究生合作办学是华中科技大学在研究生教育领域的探索,通过引入国外优秀的教育资源,学习和积累教学经验,积极有效地探索医学研究生培养国际化的途径和方法,获得了大多数学生的认可。合作办学在传授国际前沿知识、促进文化交流的同时,也极大地激发了学生的学习兴趣和动力,培养了学生的创新能力,并为我国研究生教育提供了宝贵经验。