重复经颅磁刺激对抑郁症患者自杀的影响

目的：探讨重复经颅磁刺激对抑郁症患者自杀的影响。方法：本研究对我院住院并愿意接受研究的89例抑郁症自杀患者进行研究。随机分为两组,研究组40例,对照组49例,两组均给予SSRI类药物治疗,研究组在SSRI类药物治疗的基础上联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗,每周5次,2周为一个疗程,治疗4周。分别于治疗前、治疗2周、治疗4周采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HRSD）和自杀意念自评量表（SIOSS）对治疗效果进行评分。结果：两组治疗前HRSD评分及SIOSS评分无显著性差异,治疗后两组的评分均有不同程度的降低,但研究组更显著（ P＜0．05）;研究组在治疗2周后即显效,与对照组比较有显著性差异（χ2＝6．059,P＜0．05）;治疗4周后研究组的有效率明显高于对照组（χ2＝18．460,P＜0．05）。结论：重复经颅磁刺激能缩短起效时间,改善抑郁症患者的临床症状,主要体现在睡眠、认知障碍、躯体化症状、迟缓及绝望感,并且能降低抑郁症患者的自杀风险。     

Common Pesticides Used in Suicide Attempts Following the 2012 Paraquat Ban in Korea

To determine the change in pesticides used during suicide attempts after the 2012 paraquat (PQ) ban, we evaluated the annual number of suicide attempts by pesticide ingestion between 2011 and 2014. We extracted demographic, clinical outcome, and pesticide class data from the medical records of 1,331 patients that attempted suicide by pesticide ingestion. Pesticides were sorted into 5 groups: herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, other pesticides, and combined pesticides. Each group was subdivided into various classes based on publications by the respective Resistance Action Committees. The chi-square test for trends was used to compare the annual incidence of categorical variables. The total number of suicide attempts decreased each year, from 399 in 2011 to 245 in 2014. Simultaneously, PQ ingestion decreased from 253 patients in 2011 to 60 in 2014. The proportion of PQ to pesticides also decreased from 63.4% in 2011 to 24.5% in 2014. Furthermore, the rate of decrease in the proportion of PQ to all herbicide categories increased by calendar year. In conclusion, there is a significant trend in increased annual number of suicides and proportion of suicides using glyphosates and glufosinates versus total herbicides. However, the number of suicide attempts using glyphosate and glufosinate is lower than that using PQ. The ratio of persons completing suicide to those attempting suicide after pesticide ingestion has decreased every year after the PQ ban.

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