Regenerative potential of basic fibroblast growth factor contained in biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres applied following vocal fold injury: Early effect on tissue repair in a rabbit model

IntroductionPostoperative dysphonia is mostly caused by vocal fold scarring, and careful management of vocal fold surgery has been reported to reduce the risk of scar formation. However, depending on the vocal fold injury, treatment of postoperative dysphonia can be challenging.ObjectiveThe goal of the current study was to develop a novel prophylactic regenerative approach for the treatment of injured vocal folds after surgery, using biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres as a drug delivery system for basic fibroblast growth factor.MethodsVideoendoscopic laryngeal surgery was performed to create vocal fold injury in 14 rabbits. Immediately following this procedure, biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres with basic fibroblast growth factor were injected in the vocal fold. Two weeks after injection, larynges were excised for evaluation of vocal fold histology and mucosal movement.ResultsThe presence of poor vibratory function was confirmed in the injured vocal folds. Histology and digital image analysis demonstrated that the injured vocal folds injected with gelatin hydrogel microspheres with basic fibroblast growth factor showed less scar formation, compared to the injured vocal folds injected with gelatin hydrogel microspheres only, or those without any injection.ConclusionA prophylactic injection of basic fibroblast growth factor -containing biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres demonstrates a regenerative potential for injured vocal folds in a rabbit model.     

Effects of 3-dimensional Bioprinting Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogel Scaffold Extract on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

IntroductionAlginate/gelatin hydrogel (Alg-Gel) scaffold has been applied in tissue engineering, but the research on its application in dental tissues regeneration is still lacking. We investigated the effect of this scaffold on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).MethodshDPSCs were cultured in both Alg-Gel and 3D-printed Alg-Gel scaffolds. Cell growth and adhesion were compared using fluorescein isothiocyanate–phalloidin staining and scanning electron microscopic micrographs. Changes in the proliferation in hDPSCs cultured in the complete culture medium containing aqueous extracts of the Alg-Gel or 3D-printed Alg-Gel scaffolds were examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis. Cells were cultured in the mineralization medium containing aqueous extracts of the Alg-Gel or 3D-printed Alg-Gel scaffolds for 7 or 14 days, and the differentiation of cells was shown by alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase staining. The messenger RNA and protein expression of mineralization-related genes were detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Elemental analysis was used to test the material extract composition.ResultsMore cells were grown and adhered to the 3D-printed Alg-Gel scaffolds than the Alg-Gel scaffolds. The aqueous extracts of 3D-printed scaffolds can promote cell proliferation, and compared with Alg-Gel scaffolds, the extracts of 3D-printed scaffolds were more effective. Compared with the negative control group, 3D-printed Alg-Gel scaffold and Alg-Gel scaffold aqueous extracts promoted osteogenic/odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs with the enhanced formation of bone-like nodules and the alkaline phosphatase staining. The expression of mineralization-related genes was also up-regulated. 3D-printed scaffold aqueous extract contained more calcium and phosphorus ions than the Alg-Gel scaffold.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that compared with the Alg-Gel scaffold, 3D-printed Alg-Gel is more suitable for the growth of hDPSCs, and the scaffold extracts can better promote cell proliferation and differentiation.     

介入栓塞治疗30例巨块型肝癌破裂出血的回顾性分析

目的：观察巨块型肝癌破裂出血患者行血管介入栓塞和栓塞加化疗药物灌注治疗的疗效。方法：选取2006年12月-2014年2月在我院住院的30例巨块型肝癌破裂出血行急诊介入栓塞的患者,按栓塞方法不同分为单纯明胶海绵栓塞组（简称单纯组）15例,栓塞时加化疗药物灌注组（简称联合组）15例。观察两组患者术后不良反应及并发症。结果：两组患者均1次栓塞止血成功,住院期间无复发破裂出血;两组患者术后恶心、呕吐、腹痛、食欲不振等症状发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;联合组患者术后ALT、GGT、TBil等检测结果均高于单纯组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;联合组有1例死亡。结论：巨块型肝癌破裂出血急诊介入栓塞治疗时宜选择单纯用明胶海绵栓塞,其安全有效,不良反应少。     

Pharmacokinetic and tolerability profile of twice-daily saquinavir hard gelatin capsules and saquinavir soft gelatin capsules boosted with ritonavir in healthy volunteers

Objective

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of a boosted saquinavir (SQV)/ritonavir (RTV) combination, administered as either the hard gelatin capsule (HGC) or soft gelatin capsule (SGC) formulation of SQV, in 24 healthy volunteers.

Methods

This was a single‐centre, open‐label, randomized, 2 × 2 crossover study. Twelve subjects were randomized to receive SQV/RTV 1000 mg/100 mg twice daily (BID) orally for 10 days, as either the HGC or SGC formulation. The pharmacokinetic profile of SQV was determined on day 10. Subjects then crossed over to the opposite SQV formulation, and the pharmacokinetic profile was determined again on day 20. The primary analysis was the assessment of bioequivalence based on logarithmically transformed values for AUC_{(0?24 h)} and C_max for the two formulations.

Results

There was a statistically significant increase in the geometric means of all the pharmacokinetic variables evaluated for SQV‐HGC/RTV compared with SQV‐SGC/RTV. A mean AUC_{0?24 h}‐value of 15.798 µg/mL/h was reported for the HGC formulation compared with 11.655 µg/mL/h for the SGC formulation (P = 0.0043). The SQV‐HGC/RTV combination was better tolerated in terms of gastrointestinal system disorders. Furthermore, no elevations in triglycerides or total cholesterol were reported with SQV/RTV during the entire study period.

Conclusion

In healthy volunteers, RTV boosting of SQV‐HGC produces plasma exposures at least comparable to SQV‐SGC, which is accompanied by an improvement in gastrointestinal system disorders.

     

生物活性复合人工骨的制备与理化性能研究

目的探讨硫酸钙/骨基质明胶生物活性复合人工骨的制备方法及其理化性能。方法分别制备硫酸钙、骨基质明胶颗粒,按1：1、2：1、3：1、1：0不同质量比例制备复合人工骨。经扫描电镜观察、生物力学测试及体外降解试验,研究不同配比复合人工骨的结构特征、力学强度及降解速率。结果硫酸钙与骨基质明胶呈均匀混合分布,材料内见较多孔径为100～500μm的微孔结构,孔隙间相互交通,随着骨粒含量的增加,孔径逐渐增大。质量比为1：1、2：1、3：1、1：0的复合人工骨的抗压强度分别为(3．53±0．62)、(6．74±0．78)、(13．60±1．01)、(39．85±2．33)MPa,100%体外降解时间分别为8、10、12、12周。结论硫酸钙/骨基质明胶复合人工骨具有利于新骨长入的微孔结构,随着骨粒含量的增高,材料的力学强度逐渐减低,降解时间加快,不同配比的复合材料可适用于不同的植骨需要。     

Gelatin- and Papaya-Based Biodegradable and Edible Packaging Films to Counter Plastic Waste Generation

Most of the food packaging materials used in the market are petroleum-based plastics; such materials are neither biodegradable nor environmentally friendly and require years to decompose. To overcome these problems, biodegradable and edible materials are encouraged to be used because such materials degrade quickly due to the actions of bacteria, fungi, and other environmental effects. In this work, commonly available household materials such as gelatin, soy protein, corn starch, and papaya were used to prepare cost-effective lab-scale biodegradable and edible packaging film as an effective alternative to commercial plastics to reduce waste generation. Prepared films were characterized in terms of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), optical transparency, and tensile strength. FTIR confirmed the addition of papaya and soy protein to the gelatin backbone. WVTR of the gelatin-papaya films was recorded to be less than 50 g/m²/day. This water vapor barrier was five times better than films of pristine gelatin. The gelatin, papaya, and soy protein films exhibited transparencies of around 70% in the visible region. The tensile strength of the film was 2.44 MPa, which improved by a factor of 1.5 for the films containing papaya and soy protein. The barrier qualities of the gelatin and gelatin-papaya films maintained the properties even after going through 2000 bending cycles. From the results, it is inferred that the prepared films are ideally suitable for food encapsulation and their production on a larger scale can considerably cut down the plastic wastage.     

The action of chelating agents and local anesthetics on the terminal stages of immune hemolysis

The participation of metal ions between C8 and C9 during the final stages of immune hemolysis could not be verified. EA, EAC1-7, and EAC1-8 all lyse completely when tested with 40 mM or higher concentrations of phenanthroline derivatives, only some of which are metal chelators. Only those phenanthrolines that carry a nitrogen in the No. 1 position and are also uncharged are lytic. 1.7-phenanthroline, not a chelator, lyses EAC1-8 more readily than EA and EAC1-7, suggesting an influence of the C5b-8 complex on this type of lysis. Unlike C9 lysis of EAC 1-8, phenanthroline induced lysis of EAC 1-8 cannot be inhibited by incubation with anti-C8, indicating different binding sites for C9 and phenanthrolines.The phenanthrolines neither protect nor promote hypotonic lysis, as do local anesthetics which are known to perturb primarily the membrane lipid phase. Likewise, sublytic drug concentrations do not modify immune hemolysis.     

埋伏阻生齿拔除术后两种拔牙窝填塞剂对预后的影响

目的 观察骨埋伏阻生牙拔除术后两种不同的牙槽窝填塞剂对预后的影响。方法 选取315例骨埋伏的下颌第三磨牙拔除的患者,随机分成3组,组1拔除术后创面直接拉拢缝合+口服镇痛+口服抗炎;组2拔除术后创面明胶海绵+碘仿粉末填塞止血+拉拢缝合+口服镇痛+口服抗炎;组3拔除术后创面胶质银明胶海绵(止泰)填塞止血+拉拢缝合+口服镇痛+口服抗炎。比较3组术后出血,术后肿痛及术后干槽症的发生率。结果 组2和组3创面处理治疗后的术后出血,术后肿痛及术后干槽症的出现明显降低,预后优于组1(P<0.01),且组2和组3两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 胶原蛋白海绵+碘仿粉末或胶质银明胶海绵的两种术后创面处理方法皆疗效显著,值得临床进一步推广和应用。     

光引发聚合改性明胶用于牙组织工程的可能性初探

目的研究光引发聚合改性明胶水凝胶的表征,理化性质以及生物相容性,为牙髓再生引入一种可能的新型复合支架材料。方法甲基丙烯酸将明胶改性后形成甲基丙烯明胶,用核磁共振技术检测其表征,用扫描电镜观察表面形貌,甲基丙烯明胶溶液加入艳固佳2959型光引发剂,经紫外光辐照后形成水凝胶,用流变仪测量黏弹性来反映力学性能,用台盼蓝染色法和CCK-8法检测水凝胶对人牙髓细胞增殖的影响。结果甲基丙烯酸改性明胶增加了明胶机械性能和孔隙率的同时,能够支持人牙髓细胞生长。结论甲基丙烯明胶水凝胶有望成为人牙髓再生研究中一种有潜力的支架材料。     

壳聚糖-明胶-卡拉胶支架复合人牙龈成纤维细胞的体外研究

目的:研究人牙龈成纤维细胞(human gingival fibroblast cells,HGFs)在壳聚糖-明胶、壳聚糖-明胶-卡拉胶两种支架材料上生长增殖及某些细胞外基质分泌的情况,为研究组织工程化牙龈支架材料提供实验依据。方法:组织块法培养HGFs,将第4代的HGFs分别接种于两种支架材料上,以壳聚糖-明胶-卡拉胶为实验组,壳聚糖-明胶作为对照组。扫描电镜(SEM)观察两种支架材料的结构;四唑盐比色实验(MTT)法检测HGFs在两种支架材料上的增殖情况;通过酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞-支架复合培养液中I型胶原蛋白(Collagen I,Col I)和糖胺多糖(Glycosamlnoglycans,GAG)的含量。结果:扫描电镜显示两种支架材料均呈多孔结构,孔径50～200μm,孔隙率达90%。MTT法检测显示:培养1 d实验组与对照组吸光值(A值)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第3、5、7天时实验组A值明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ELISA结果显示,培养1 d实验组Col I和GAG的含量与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第3、5、7天各时间点,实验组Col I和GAG的含量均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HGFs与壳聚糖-明胶-卡拉胶支架复合后,其生物学行为更为活跃,壳聚糖-明胶-卡拉胶支架比壳聚糖-明胶支架更适合作为组织工程化牙龈的生物支架材料。