Sustained Viral Response Is Rarely Achieved in Patients with High Viral Load of HCV RNA by Excessive Interferon Therapy

Adequate dosing of interferon (IFN) and its cost-effectiveness for sustained virological response were evaluated in relation to viral load and subtype. Prospective analysis of IFN therapy on 326 patients with chronic hepatitis C free from cirrhosis was performed using 9 or 6 million unit (MU) of IFN for six months daily and/or three times a week. Sustained virological response was achieved in 50–94% of patients with 2 × 10⁴ copies/ml (competitive RT-PCR) or <100 × 10³ copies/ml (Amplicor monitor) of HCV RNA by 468–1206 MU of IFN, but response was only 0–25% of the patients with 2 × 10^5.5 copies/ml (competitive RT-PCR) or >200 × 10³ copies/ml (Amplicor monitor), even with 468–1206 MU of IFN. A high sustained rate was demonstrated in patients with 100–200 × 10³ copies/ml of HCV RNA by 901–1206 MU of IFN, in comparison to that with 900 MU of IFN. Multivariate analysis showed that IFN dose had a significant value for the efficacy of IFN therapy in patients presenting 100–200 × 10³ copies/ml of HCV RNA. Cost efficacy analysis indicated that it cost approximately $10,000, $26,000, and $50,000–227,000 for one person-viral eradication in the patients with <100, 100–200, and >200 × 10³ copies/ml, respectively. High-dose IFN is only cost effective in patients with intermediate viral loads, and IFN therapy could be recommended in patients with <200 × 10³ copies/ml of HCV RNA.     

慢性乙肝患者的免疫状态与病毒载量及抗病毒疗效的关系研究

目的 探讨慢性乙肝(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者的机体免疫状态与病毒载量及抗病毒疗效的关系.方法 将237例CHB患者按照乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)载量,分为病毒阴性组、低病毒载量组和高病毒载量组,比较各组的免疫球蛋白、补体及T细胞亚群等免疫指标的差异.对其中符合抗HBV治疗指征的患者给予抗HBV治疗,观察治疗半年后的病毒学应答情况和治疗1年后的e抗原血清学应答情况,分析初始免疫状态与抗病毒疗效的关系.结果 随着HBV-DNA载量的升高,CHB患者的CD3+、CD4+及CD8+T细胞计数随之升高,而CD4+/CD8+比值随之下降(P＜0.05).完全病毒学应答组和部分/无病毒学应答组的初始免疫指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).获得e抗原血清学转换者与未获得e抗原血清学转换者相比,在开始抗病毒治疗时的ALT和AST水平更高(P＜0.05),但初始免疫指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 CHB患者的免疫状态与HBV-DNA载量相关,CD3+、CD4+及CD8+T细胞计数随着HBV-DNA载量的升高而升高,而CD4+/CD8+比值则随之下降.CHB患者在抗病毒治疗时的初始免疫状态与病毒学应答及e抗原血清学转换无明显相关性.     

Increased Prevalence of Myocardial Injury in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Viremia

BackgroundPatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a high prevalence of detectable troponin and myocardial injury. In addition, a subset of patients with COVID-19 has detectable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral loads. The objective of this study was to understand the relationship among SARS-CoV-2 viremia, detectable troponin, and myocardial injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.MethodsSARS-CoV-2 plasma viral load was measured in plasma samples drawn from patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at 2 academic medical centers. Baseline characteristics and clinically obtained high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) values were abstracted from the medical record. The main outcome was detectable hs-cTnT (≥6 ng/mL) and myocardial injury (hs-cTnT ≥14 ng/mL; >99th percentile for assay).ResultsA total of 70 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included in this study, with 39% females and median age 58 ± 17 years; 21 patients (30%) were found to have detectable SARS-CoV-2 viral load and were classified in the viremia group. Patients with viremia were significantly older than those without viremia. All of the patients with viremia (100%) had detectable troponin during hospitalization compared with 59% of patients without viremia (P = 0.0003). Myocardial injury was seen in 76% of patients with viremia and 38% of those patients without viremia (P = 0.004).ConclusionsHospitalized patients with COVID-19 with SARS-CoV-2 viremia have a significantly higher prevalence of detectable troponin and myocardial injury during their hospitalization compared with patients who did not. This first report of the relationship among SARS-CoV-2 viremia, detectable troponin, and myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 points to additional mechanistic pathways that require deeper study to understand the complex interplay among these unique findings, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in COVID-19.     

The Effect of a Low Fructose and Low Glycemic Index/Load (FRAGILE) Dietary Intervention on Indices of Liver Function,Cardiometabolic Risk Factors,and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease in obese children. Diets high in added fructose (high fructose corn syrup; HFCS) and glycemic index (GI)/glycemic load (GL) are associated with increased risk of NAFLD. Lifestyle modification is the main treatment, but no guidelines regarding specific dietary interventions for childhood NAFLD exist. We hypothesized that reductions in dietary fructose (total, free, and HFCS)/GI/GL over 6 months would result in improvements in body composition and markers of liver dysfunction and cardiometabolic risk in childhood NAFLD. Methods: Children and adolescents with NAFLD (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 14) 7–18 years were studied at baseline and 3 and 6 months post–dietary intervention. Plasma markers of liver dysfunction (ALT, AST, γGT), cardiometabolic risk (TG, total cholesterol, LDL‐HDL cholesterol, Apo‐B100, Apo‐B48, Apo‐CIII, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA‐IR]), inflammation (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10), anthropometric, and blood pressure (BP) were studied using validated methodologies. Results: Significant reductions in systolic BP (SBP), percentage body fat (BF), and plasma concentrations of ALT (P = .04), Apo‐B100 (P < .001), and HOMA‐IR were observed in children with NAFLD at 3 and 6 months (P < .05). Dietary reductions in total/free fructose/HFCS and GL were related to reductions in SBP (P = .01), ALT (P = .004), HOMA‐IR (P = .03), and percentage BF in children with NAFLD. Reductions in dietary GI were associated with reduced plasma Apo‐B100 (P = .02) in both groups. With the exception of Apo‐B100, no changes in laboratory variables were observed in the control group. Conclusion: Modest reductions in fructose (total/free, HFCS) and GI/GL intake result in improvements of plasma markers of liver dysfunction and cardiometabolic risk in childhood NAFLD.     

慢性乙型肝炎血清病毒载量水平与肝硬化的关系

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者病程中血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)-DNA水平的变化与肝硬化发生的关系.方法 收集2001至2007年经肝穿刺确诊的239例慢性乙型肝炎患者.中位随访时间28个月,检测入选和随访终点的血清HBV-DNA水平,观察肝硬化发生情况.结果 发生肝硬化者较无肝硬化者年龄更大,随访终点HBV-DNA水平更高,但两组入选时HBV-DNA水平差异无统计学意义(P=0.531).Kaplan-Meier法生存分析显示,随访终点HBV-DNA水平越高,发生肝硬化比例亦越高(X2=11.736,P=0.019).Cox比例风险模型显示,随访终点HBV-DNA水平、入选时的肝组织纤维化分期、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原阴性和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平为预示肝硬化发生的危险因素,风险比分别为1.898、1.918、8.976、1.006.结论 随访终点HBV-DNA和慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化的发生密切相关.     

不同液体负荷状态对持续肾替代治疗脓毒症相关急性肾损伤患儿预后的影响北大核心CSCD

目的评估不同液体负荷(fluid load,FL)对使用持续肾替代治疗(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)的脓毒症相关急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)患儿预后的影响。方法回顾性选取2018年8月至2021年3月因脓毒症相关AKI行CRRT的患儿121例为研究对象,根据患儿从入院或病情变化开始至行CRRT前的不同FL分为低液体负荷组(n=35,FL<5%)、高液体负荷组(n=35,5%≤FL<10%)和液体超负荷组(n=51,FL≥10%)。收集各组患儿CRRT治疗前的基线资料和临床生化资料进行比较分析。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析各组间的28 d生存情况。采用多因素logistic回归分析影响不同FL状态患儿预后的危险因素。结果生存分析结果提示液体超负荷组患儿28 d病死率高于低液体负荷组和高液体负荷组(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果提示正超液体量增加为导致液体超负荷组患儿28 d病死率增高的危险因素,而CRRT开始时间提前为其保护因素(P<0.05)。结论CRRT开始前液体超负荷会增加脓毒症相关AKI患儿的病死率,对该类患儿应尽早行CRRT治疗。     

饮水负荷试验测定胃感觉的临床研究

目的　建立简便易行、非侵入性、符合胃肠生理的检测胃感觉阈值的诊断方法。方法用饮水负荷试验和电子恒压器法分别对 15例健康自愿者和 30例功能性消化不良患者的胃感知和不适阈值进行测定 ,以了解饮水负荷试验测定胃感觉阈值的敏感性、特异性、Kappa值、符合率 ,以及二者之间有无相关性。结果　与电子恒压器法相比较 ,饮水负荷试验测定胃感知阈值的敏感性为85 7% ,特异性为 93 5 % ,Kappa值为 0 82 ,二者的符合率为 91 1% ,两种方法所测得的结果也具有良好的相关性 (P <0 0 1)。饮水负荷试验测定胃不适阈值的敏感性为 81 8% ,特异性为 91 2 % ,Kappa值为 0 79,二者的符合率为 88 9% ,两种方法所测得的结果也具有良好的相关性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　与电子恒压器相比 ,饮水负荷试验测定胃感觉阈值具有较高的特异性、Kappa值和符合率 ,以及良好的相关性 ,可用于消化不良患者胃感觉功能临床辅助诊断和初筛检查 ,在基层医院有广泛的应用前景。