Negative pressure wound treatment with computer‐controlled irrigation/instillation decreases bacterial load in contaminated wounds and facilitates wound closure

Microbial wound contamination is known to be a hindrance to wound healing. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with or without irrigation is known to optimise conditions in problem wounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of computer‐controlled wound irrigation with NPWT on the bacterial load in contaminated wounds. A total of 267 patients were treated with NPWT with automated instillation because of problematic wounds using an antiseptic instillation solution. In 111 patients, a minimum of 4 operative procedures were necessary, and swabs were taken at least at the first and at the fourth operation in a standardised procedure. The number of different bacteria and the amount of bacteria were analysed during the course. In a subgroup of 51 patients, swabs were taken at all 4 operative procedures and analysed separately. In an overall analysis, the number of different bacteria and the amount of bacteria significantly decreased independent of wound localisation and diagnosis. NPWT with automated instillation demonstrates a positive influence in the reduction of bacterial load in problem wounds. Thus, it may help to optimise wound conditions before definite wound closure.     

不同浓度七氟醚对静态膨肺患者心肺转流后肺气体交换的影响

目的评价不同浓度七氟醚静态膨肺对心肺转流(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)后肺气体交换及术后气管留管时间的影响。方法择期行CPB下瓣膜置换手术患者75例,男39例,女36例,年龄22～65岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为三组:每组25例。CPB期间停止呼吸后,予持续静态膨胀,呼吸环路压力维持10cmH2O,膨肺气体采用空气,分别复合吸入1%七氟醚(L组)或2%七氟醚(H组),对照组(N组)不复合吸入七氟醚。分别于切皮前、CPB停机后1、3、6h抽取动脉血行血气分析。计算肺泡-动脉氧分压差[D(A-a)O_2]、呼吸指数(RI)和氧合指数(OI)。记录术后气管留管时间和ICU留观时间。结果与切皮前比较,CPB停机后1、3、6h三组D(A-a)O_2、RI明显升高(P0.05);CPB停机后1h三组OI明显降低(P0.05)。三组不同时点D(A-a)O_2、RI和OI差异无统计学意义。三组CPB停机后1、3、6h发生OI300mmHg的比例、术后气管留管时间和ICU留观时间差异无统计学意义。结论心脏瓣膜置换手术CPB期间,静态膨肺采用10cmH2O压力,复合吸入1%或2%浓度七氟醚,与单纯静态膨肺比较,不能进一步改善CPB后患者肺气体交换,不影响术后气管留管时间和ICU留观时间。     

HIV/AIDS 患者骨髓抑制与CD4+T细胞计数及HIV病毒载量相关性分析

目的 了解HIV/AIDS患者骨髓抑制与CD4⁺T细胞计数及病毒载量的关系。方法 入组53例北京佑安医院2015年1月—2017年12月收治住院的HIV/AIDS患者,观察外周血象特征、骨髓造血情况、CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数及HIV病毒载量情况,比较不同骨髓抑制程度与CD4⁺T细胞计数、病毒载量的差异。结果 按CD4⁺T细胞计数,将53例患者分为CD4⁺T细胞>200个/μL组和CD4⁺T细胞≤200个/μL组,CD4⁺T细胞>200个/μL组16例,CD4⁺T细胞≤200个/μL组37例。CD4⁺T细胞≤200个/μL组患者外周血中红细胞计数、白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数均明显低于CD4⁺T细胞>200个/μL组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。CD4⁺T细胞≤200个/μL组中,三系减少8例,两系减少12例,一系减少9例;但在CD4⁺T细胞>200个/μL组,三系减少1例,两系减少2例,一系减少5例,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。按骨髓分级分0、I~Ⅱ、Ⅲ~Ⅳ级三组,HIV病毒载量中位数分别为1.60 、4.08、4.67 Log（copies/mL）,三组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。三组的CD4⁺T细胞分别为156、131、28个/μL,三组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 HIV/AIDS 患者病毒载量越高,骨髓抑制现象越明显,导致血细胞减少为主的外周血血象异常。     

妊娠早期女性非稳态负荷水平与抑郁的相关性研究

背景 已知慢性应激与抑郁发生相关,非稳态负荷（AL）作为评估机体慢性应激反应的综合生理指标可能在抑郁的发生过程中起着重要作用。目的 探讨妊娠早期女性AL水平与抑郁的关系。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2021年11月—2022年6月于中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第901医院、六安市金安区妇幼保健院产检的630例妊娠早期女性为研究对象,根据有无抑郁分为抑郁组（n=162）和非抑郁组（n=468）。采用一般资料调查表、妊娠相关焦虑量表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表进行问卷调查,通过体格检查和实验室检查收集AL相关数据。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析妊娠早期女性AL与抑郁的相关性。结果 630例妊娠早期女性抑郁发生率为25.7%(162/630)。低水平AL(AL<3分)孕妇427例（67.8%）,高水平AL(AL≥3分)孕妇203例（32.2%）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高水平AL是妊娠早期女性抑郁的危险因素[OR=1.651,95%CI(1.096,2.489),P<0.05]。结论 妊娠早期女性AL与抑郁存在正向关联,高水平AL会增加抑郁的发生风险。     

股骨重建钉治疗同侧股骨颈、干骨折

目的 探讨使用股骨重建钉内固定治疗同侧股骨颈、干骨折的临床疗效、手术要点和围手术期注意事项。方法 对12例使用股骨重建钉治疗的疗效进行回顾性分析。手术采用闭合穿钉、闭合或小切口切开复位，用三维瞄准器锁定远骨折端，股骨颈保持15。前倾角置人2枚拉力螺纹钉。结果 11例获得随访，随访平均时间12．3个月(6～58个月)。远期疗效按马元璋评定标准：优5例，良4例，可2例，优良率81．8％，平均股骨颈骨折临床愈合时间5．2个月、股骨干骨折临床愈合时间6．7个月，一期骨折愈合率达到72．7％，其中3例术后10，12，15个月远骨折段骨延迟愈合，改为动力固定，4～6个月后骨折愈合。无股骨头坏死征象。结论 股骨颈骨折强调不切开复位，并争取解剖复位；股骨干骨折则常规闭合穿钉、小切口复位、有限扩髓、静力固定。股骨重建钉是目前治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折伴同侧股骨颈骨折的有效方法。     

Clinical Utility of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load Testing for Predicting CMV Disease in D+/R- Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Despite prophylaxis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is common in donor seropositive (D+)/recipient seronegative (R-) transplant patients after cessation of prophylaxis. Early detection of CMV may allow for pre-emptive therapy to prevent active disease. The clinical utility of quantitative plasma viral load measurements for predicting CMV disease was determined in 364 D+/R- organ transplant patients receiving prophylaxis (100 d of valganciclovir or oral ganciclovir). Measurements were performed every 2 weeks until day 100 and at months 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 8 and 12 post-transplant. CMV disease occurred in 64 (17.6%) patients by 12 months. Using a positive cut-off value of >400 copies/mL, sensitivity was 38%, specificity 60%, positive predictive value 17%, and negative predictive value 82% for prediction of CMV disease. Therefore, routine monitoring would have predicted disease in only 24/64 (38%) patients. The test characteristics were not improved by changing the viral load cut-off point for defining a positive result. Similarly, single time point measures at the end of prophylaxis or month 4 had low sensitivity for disease prediction. Overall, regular CMV plasma viral load measurements were only of modest value in predicting CMV disease.     

青年人在高原适宜负重的实验研究

探讨不同海拔高度和不同步速条件下的适宜负重，对于确定高原作业人员合理负重有指导意义。本工作通过高原模拟负重步行试验（跑台）提出适宜负重。在海拔３７００ｍ，步行速度分为４．０、４．５和５．０ｋｍ／ｈ；负重分别为体重的０、１４％、２１％、２８％、３５％和４２％。在海拔４３００ｍ，步行速度分别为３．０、３．５和４．０ｋｍ／ｈ；负重分别为体重的Ｏ、１４％、２１％、２８％、３５％。在海拔５２００ｍ，步行速度分别为２．０、２．５和３．０ｋｍ／ｈ；负重分别为体重的０、７％、１４％、２１％、２８％和３５％。在每个海拔高度上选择移居半年以上的青年学生１２人作为受试对象。每人参加不同速度与不同负重步行试验。根据很累感发生率、ＶＥ、ＨＲ、恢复ＨＲ和Ｅ的改变确定适宜负重。结果表明，在海拔３７００ｍ，速度为４．０、４．５和５．０ｋｍ／ｈ时的适宜负重分别为２０．８、１７．４和１４．１ｋｇ。在海拔４３００ｍ，速度为３．０、３．５和４．０ｋｍ／ｈ时的适宜负重分别为１８．４、１４．３和１０．２ｋｇ。在海拔５２００ｍ，速度为２．０、２．５和３．０ｋｍ／ｈ时的适宜负重分别１７．３、１４．２和１１．４ｋｇ。     

坡度对移居海拔3700m高原人体生理适宜负重量的影响

在海拔３７００ｍ高原上测量了１２名男性移居青年以４．０ｋｍ／ｈ速度，在不同坡度（０．５、１０和１５％）和不同负重量（体重的１、１４、２１、２８、３５和４２％）下模拟行走时的ＶＥ、ＨＲ和Ｅ的改变，并根据上述指标随负重增加而出现的非线性增加（拐点）分析了不同坡度条件下行走时的适宜负重，进而观察了坡度对适宜负重的影响。结果表明，适宜负重随坡度的增加而明显降低，关系式为ｙ（适宜负重ｋｇ）＝２０．５１０－１．３５１×（坡度％），相关系数为ｒ＝－０．９６５（Ｐ＜０．０１）．根据上式计算可得，坡度每增加３％，适宜负重降低约２０％（４．０ｋｇ）。该量变关系对估计在其它海拔高度上坡度与适宜负重下降值也有参考意义。     

Effects of anteriorly-loaded treadmill walking on dynamic gait stability in young adults

BackgroundAnteriorly-loaded walking is common in many occupations and may increase fall risk. Dynamic gait stability, defined by the Feasible Stability Region (FSR) theory, quantifies the kinematic relationship between the body’s center of mass (COM) and base of support (BOS). FSR-based dynamic gait stability has been used to evaluate the fall risk.Research questionHow does front load carriage affect dynamic gait stability, step length, and trunk angle among young adults during treadmill walking?MethodsIn this between-subject design study, 30 healthy young adults were evenly randomized into three load groups (0%, 10%, or 20% of body weight). Participants carried their assigned load while walking on a treadmill at a speed of 1.2 m/s. Body kinematics were collected during treadmill walking. Dynamic gait stability (the primary variable) was calculated for two gait events: touchdown and liftoff. Step length and trunk angle were measured as secondary variables. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to detect any group-related differences for all variables. Post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction was performed when main group differences were found.ResultsNo significant differences but medium to large effect sizes were found between groups for dynamic gait stability at touchdown (p = 0.194, η² = 0.114) and liftoff (p = 0.122, η² = 0.139). Trunk angle significantly increased (indicating backward lean) with the front load at touchdown (p < 0.001, η² = 0.648) and liftoff (p < 0.001, η² = 0.543). No significant between-group difference was found related to the step length (p = 0.344, η² = 0.076).SignificanceCarrying a front load during walking significantly alters the trunk orientation and may change the COM-BOS kinematic relationship and, therefore, fall risk. The findings could inform the design of future studies focusing on the impact of anterior load carriage on fall risk during different locomotion.     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折及相关问题探讨(附106例报告)

目的:探讨使用交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的最佳手术方式选择。方法:对1998年6月～2002年10月使用交锁髓内钉治疗106例(118肢)股骨干骨折的疗效进行回顾性分析。手术采用闭合或小切口开放复位,用三维瞄准器锁定骨折远、近端。结果:平均随访14.4个月,肢体、关节功能恢复优良率95.3％,一期骨折愈合率94.0％,平均骨临床愈合时间5.7个月。2例软组织感染,感染率1.9％,2例髓内钉断裂。结论:交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折应常规闭合复位、扩髓、静力固定,不强求解剖复位,本组取得了满意疗效,认为是目前治疗股骨干骨折的首选方法。