Raisins are a low to moderate glycemic index food with a correspondingly low insulin index

The objective of this study was to determine the glycemic index (GI) and insulin index (II) of raisins and evaluate if these values are similar in different populations. The study subjects consisted of 10 healthy sedentary individuals (S; age, 25.7 ± 1.3 years; body mass index [BMI] = 23.3 ± 1.7 kg/m²), 11 aerobically trained adults (A; age, 23.1 ± 1.0 years; BMI = 24.1 ± 0.3 kg/m²), and 10 prediabetic adults (P; age, 50.0 ± 2.6 years; BMI = 32.6 ± 1.9 kg/m²). Subjects consumed 50 g of available carbohydrate from raisins and from a glucose solution (reference food) on 2 separate occasions. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were measured from capillary fingerstick blood samples at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes (and 150 and 180 minutes for P group) postprandially. The GI of raisins was low (GI, ≤55) in the S (49.4 ± 7.4) and P (49.6 ± 4.8) groups and was moderate (GI, 55-69) in the A group (62.3 ± 10.5), but there were no differences among the subject groups (P = .437). The II of raisins was 47.3 ± 9.4, 51.9 ± 6.5, and 54.4 ± 8.9 for the S, A, and P groups, respectively. On average, the A group secreted 2- to 2.5-fold less insulin per gram of carbohydrate compared with the S and P groups (P < .05). Thus, raisins are a low to moderate GI food, with a correspondingly low II. The lower insulin response in the A group compared with the other groups suggests enhanced insulin sensitivity.     

Lifestyle patterns concerning sports and physical activity,and perceptions of health

SummaryObjectives To explore the perceptions of health and physical activity, and the associations between these two areas from a theoretical lifestyle perspective.Methods Data was collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire, among 3019 adults attending centres for preventive medicine in France. Correspondence analysis examined the significance of the relationships between perceptions of health and perceptions of sports and physical activity.Results Four pricipal types of subjects emerged from the factor analyses expressing four different lifestyle patterns. Non physically active lifestyle: a feeling of not being healthy, Physically active lifestyle, pleasure/leisure-oriented, Necessarily physically active lifestyle, regardless of health, Physically active lifestyle aimed at stress relief.Conclusions The sociological approach helps tackle sports and physical activity as behaviour patterns but also and especially as a health orientation connected with the socio-economical climate. This approach also gives sports practice back its meaningful cultural dimension.

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ZusammenfassungFragestellung Wie werden Gesundheit und körperliche Aktivitäten und Sport wahrgenommen? Welche Zusammenhänge bestehen zwischen den beiden Parametern in Hinblick auf den Lebensstil?Methoden Die Rohdaten wurden mit Hilfe eines selbst zu beantwortenden Fragebogens gesammelt. Die 3019 Studienteilnehmer sind ausschliesslich Erwachsene, die in einem französischen Vorsorgezentrum während einer freiwilligen Beratungsstunde angesprochen wurden. Der Schwerpunkt der anschliessenden Faktorenanalyse lag in der Suche nach Korrelationen zwischen der Wahrnehmung der Gesundheit und den Eindrücken, die die sportlichen Aktivitäten hinterliessen.Ergebnisse Diese Analyse ermöglicht es, vier Antwortprofile herauszuarbeiten, die letztlich vier verschiedenen Lebensstilen entsprechen: inaktiv, allgemeines Unwohlsein, das sich im klinischen Bereich niederschlägt, aktiv, auf Lustempfindungen orientiert, passiv, fatalistisch, ohne Interesse an Gesundheit, aber gesellschaftsorientiert, aktiv, gesundheitsbewusst, auf Stressabbau orientier.Schlussfolgerungen Aus soziologischer Sicht kann somit die Ausübung körperlicher Aktivitäten einerseits als reines Verhaltensmuster gedeutet werden, andererseits aber auch als gesundheitsorientierte Handlung, eng verknüpft mit den sozioökonomischen Verhältnissen. Sprot an sich erhält somit seine Bedeutung als kulturelle Dimension wieder.

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RésuméObjectifs Etudier les perceptions de la santé et de l'activité physique et sportive, ainsi que les relations entre les deux dans la perspective théorique du style de vie.Méthodes Des données ont été recueillies par questionnaire auto-administré auprès de 3019 adultes consultant un centre de médecine préventive français. Une analyse factorielle des correspondances a permis d'étudier les relations d'affinités entre les perceptions de la santé et celles de l'activité physique et sportive.Résultats Quatre profils de réponses se distinguent par cette analyse factorielle qui font émerger quatre styles de vie: physiquement inactif, le sentiment de ne pas être en bonne santé, physiquement actif, orienté vers le plaisir et les loisirs, physiquement actif au travail sans attention pour la santé et physiquement actif pour lutter contre le stress.Conclusions L'approche sociologique permet d'aborder la pratique physique et sportive, comme un comportement mais aussi et surtout comme une orientation de santé, en relation avec les conditions socio-économiques. Elle redonne ainsi à la pratique sportive sa dimension culturelle signifiante.

     

吉林市2所小学学生单纯性肥胖的影响因素

目的 了解与小学生单纯性肥胖有关的影响因素，为进一步实施干预提供依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷结合体格检查对吉林市2所小学354名学生进行调查。筛选出单纯性肥胖学生43名，同时选出与肥胖儿童同班、同性别、身高相差在3cm内，出生年月相差在3个月内，而身高标准体重为正常的学生43名作为对照。结果与对照组比较，肥胖组父母至少一方肥胖者人数显著高于对照组；肥胖组的饮食行为问题有：进食速度快，睡前进食，看电视时进食等；运动行为问题有：看电视时间长，每天运动时间少，不喜欢体育运动等。在发中微量元素含量的测定中肥胖组发中铬、铅含量高于对照组。结论遗传和环境因素均与儿童单纯性肥胖症有关，防治肥胖应从改变不良的饮食和运动行为着手。     

体育明星崇拜对聋生榜样教育的启示

通过对聋生体育明星崇拜的调查，根据聋生体育明星崇拜的特点，提出了在聋生中开展体育明星榜样教育的建议：引导聋生形成多元化的榜样；榜样教育要有合适的切入点；通过体育教育宣传榜样，激发聋生潜能。     

Transitional fractures of the distal tibia

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to determine the outcome after treatment of transitional fractures of the distal tibia, including growth disturbances, osteoarthritis, and/or restriction of the ability to take part in sports. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective multicentre study of 72 patients, 50 were evaluated by clinical and 46 by radiographic examination, an average of 7.4 years (standard deviation 5.9) after treatment. Of these 50 patients, initially 20 were treated non-operatively and 30 were treated operatively. The mechanism was mainly supination trauma. RESULTS: There were four revision operations, including two for fracture displacement after earlier non-operative treatment. No patients reported impairment of sports activities. In no case was the range of movement in the upper ankle joint decreased by >10 degrees . Radiographic examination revealed small osteophytes in one case and narrowing of the joint space in two; there was no axial deviation or clinical problems in any of these cases. There were no significant differences between the group treated non-operatively and the group that underwent surgery. The intermediate- to long-term outcome presented was good or very good in both the surgically and conservatively treated patients. Only two of the initially nondisplaced fractures later became displaced. This finding emphasises that operative treatment is not indicated for all nondisplaced fractures. Axial deviations may not occur, because of the little growth potential of the partially closed physis.     

Posterior Fracture-Dislocation of the Hip in Sports

Abstract Posterior fracture-dislocation of the hip is a rare injury in sports and is most frequently seen after road traffic accidents. A posterior fracture-dislocation of the hip that occurred in an adult sportsman during rugby is reported. This case illustrates the great forces that can be sustained by the hip joint of rugby players. Operative stabilization led to a stable hip joint allowing early mobilization. Following rehabilitation, the patient returned to light sporting activities after 9 months.     

某校大学生体育运动损伤的调查

目的了解学生参加体育运动损伤发生情况，分析原因；提出预防措施。方法采用问卷调查、查阅文献资料及数理统计法，对玉林师范学院学生参加体育运动时发生运动损伤的情况进行调查。结果回收调查表216份，运动损伤率达48．6％，体育系和艺术系学生损伤最高，分别为81．6％和56．7％；运动损伤多见对抗性较强的篮球、足球、田径项目；运动损伤的时间多发生在课外活动；运动损伤的性质主要是关节韧带（39．0％）和肌肉拉伤（28．6％）；造成运动损伤的主要原因是准备活动不足、技术水平不高、场地欠佳、带伤活动、运动疲劳等。结论学生运动损伤与特殊专业、运动项目有关，外界因素和自身因素是造成损伤的原因，针对原因加强教育、管理是避免运动损伤发生的关键。