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101.
This study provides an exhaustive review of 34 peer-reviewed quantitative data-based studies completed on high school and college sports involvement and drug use. The studies reviewed suggest that participation in sport is related to higher levels of alcohol consumption, but lower levels of both cigarette smoking and illegal drug use. Additional research is needed in this domain to further elucidate the relationship between these variables. 相似文献
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Musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) can serve as an excellent imaging modality for the musculoskeletal clinician. Although MRI
is more commonly ordered in the United States for musculoskeletal problems, both of these imaging modalities have advantages
and disadvantages and can be viewed as complementary rather than adversarial. For diagnostic US, relative recent advances
in technology have improved ultrasound’s ability to diagnose a myriad of musculoskeletal problems with enhanced resolution.
The structures most commonly imaged with diagnostic musculoskeletal US, include tendon, muscle, nerve, joint, and some osseous
pathology. This brief review article will discuss the role of US in imaging various common musculoskeletal disorders and will
highlight, where appropriate, how recent technological advances have improved this imaging modality in musculoskeletal medicine.
Additionally, clinicians practicing musculoskeletal medicine should be aware of the ability as well as limitations of this
unique imaging modality and become familiar with conditions where US may be more advantageous than MRI. 相似文献
104.
Michael T. Hirschmann Christian Mauch Claude Mueller Werner Mueller Niklaus F. Friederich 《Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy》2008,16(10):952-956
We present a case of a soccer player who sustained a lateral ankle fracture and the associated proximal anterolateral tibiofibular
joint instability (Maisonneuve injury) was overlooked. After a non-contact injury the (incomplete) diagnosis of a lateral
malleolar fracture (type Weber B, AO 44-B1) was made and the patient was surgically treated with open reduction and internal
fixation including a distal syndesmosis screw. After removal of the syndesmosis screw (six weeks after surgery) the patient
suffered from activity-related pain around the fibular head. After thorough clinical and radiologic examination, temporary
screw transfixation of the fibular head and capsular repair under meticulous fluoroscopic control of fibular rotation helped
to restore patient’s sport activity level. This case report emphasizes the importance of precise clinical examination for
detection of a proximal tibiofibular joint instability. Restoration of a well functioning and stable proximal tibiofibular
joint may be difficult to achieve in previously operated and missed instabilities.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
105.
Ann B. Shuttleworth-Edwards 《Archives of clinical neuropsychology》2008,23(5):479-485
The objective of this paper is to clarify the role of neuropsychological assessment in sports concussion management in response to the Prague summary statement of the most recent international conference on concussion (McCrory, P., Johnston, K., Meeuwisse, W., Aubry, M., Cantu, R., Dvorak, J., et al. (2005). In the Prague statement it is proposed that there should be a new categorization of concussion (‘simple’ versus ‘complex’) to inform management of the injury, including the suggestion that neuropsychological assessment is not indicated for ‘simple’ concussion. However, from a neuropsychological perspective the Prague position is conceptually problematic. The present paper proposes on theoretical and empirical grounds, that neurocognitive evaluation is warranted for any concussive injury to increase diagnostic sensitivity and provide prognostic indications. Further, three levels of neurocognitive assessment and their professionally legitimate implementation (that are poorly defined in the Prague paper) are delineated. Recommendations are provided for consideration at the next international concussion meeting, with emphasis on giving due weight to the neuropsychological position. 相似文献
106.
K. Deventer G. Baele P. Van Eenoo O.J. Pozo F.T. Delbeke 《Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis》2009
In sports, diuretics are used for two main reasons: to flush previously taken prohibited substances with forced diuresis and in sports where weight classes are involved to achieve acute weight loss. A common property observed for thiazides is hydrolysis in aqueous media resulting in the formation of the degradation product aminobenzenedisulphonamide. This degradation product can be observed for several thiazides. Because there is limited information regarding the effect of pH, temperature and light on the stability of thiazides, these parameters were investigated for chlorothiaizide, hydrochlorothiazide and altizide. For all three compounds the degradation product could be detected after incubation at pH 9.5 for 48 h at 60 °C. At lower pH and temperature the degradation product could not be detected for all compounds. When samples were exposed to UV-light altizide and hydrochlorothiazide were photodegraded to chlorothiazide. When the degradation rate between the different compounds was compared for a given temperature and pH, altizide is the most unstable compound. This study confirms that thiazide degradation products can be formed in urine during transport. Hence doping control laboratories shall include them into their routine testing methods as required by WADA. 相似文献
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