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91.
Pal TM de Monchy JG Groothoff JW Post D 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2000,73(6):369-375
Objective: Follow-up study of exposure and acute exposure-effects after modification to steam humidification of a contaminated cold
water system which had caused an outbreak of humidifier fever in a synthetic-fibre plant. Methods: Before and after modification of the system aerobiological measurements were performed. Concentrations of fungi and bacteria,
in colony forming units (cfu) per m3, were measured by stationary air sampling with an Andersen sampler. Endotoxin levels (pg/m3) were determined by Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay in pooled dust from personal air sampling. An indication of exposure
levels of oil-mist was obtained by monitoring with a direct reading optical photometer. Changes as acute exposure-effects
in spirometry and white blood cell count, during an afternoon shift were compared in exposed and non-exposed workers before
and after modification. Results: Measured levels of fungi, total bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and endotoxins both before and after modification were below
levels which would be expected to be associated with the exposure-effects. However, after modification, we found that the
statistically significant differences in levels of bacteria and endotoxins with a department without humidification no longer
existed. Mean oil-mist concentrations were below 1 mg/m3, with short-time peak exposure during certain tasks of up to 5 mg/m3. Before modification, in exposed workers there was significantly more decline of spirometry, and more increase of white blood
cell count during the first afternoon shift, compared with non-exposed workers. In exposed workers, the white blood cell count
increase was positively associated with decline of spirometry. After modification, differences between exposed and non-exposed
workers no longer existed. Conclusion: Follow-up investigation of acute exposure-effects demonstrated the effectiveness of remedial actions taken against a contaminated
humidification system. Follow-up of exposure-effects in particular is recommended when there is doubt about the interpretation
of exposure measurements.
Received: 27 January 1999 / Accepted: 22 January 2000 相似文献
92.
Pal TM Groothoff JW Post D de Monchy JG 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2000,73(6):376-383
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of remedial actions taken against a contaminated humidification system, after an outbreak
of humidifier disease in a nylon carpet yarn plant. Methods: Two and 6 years after modification, a follow-up investigation of a stratified (age, smoking habits) sample of exposed (n=75) and non-exposed (n=56) workers was carried out. Outcome-parameters were: respiratory symptoms, spirometry, skin tests and serology with various
humidifier fungi. In addition, the yearly incidence of work-disability because of chronic respiratory disease during the 2 years
before, and 11 years after the modification was compared. Results: At follow-up, exposed workers, who remained at the same workplace no longer had significantly more frequent chronic respiratory
symptoms. The prevalence of positive serology was still higher (P < 0.05) in exposed workers after 2 years, but at the 6 year follow-up investigation, the difference was no longer significant.
Prevalence of positive skin tests after 2 years no longer differed from that of the non-exposed workers. Slopes (ml/years)
of the graphs of forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) during the 6 year follow-up after the first investigation did not differ between exposed and non-exposed workers, both before
and after adjustment for age, smoking habits and results of skin tests and serology before modification. Before modification,
exposed workers with a positive late skin test had a lower FVC than non-exposed workers. After 6 years of follow-up their
FVC was still lower, but the difference was no longer significant. There were no indications of selective loss to follow-up.
After remedial actions no new cases of humidifier disease occurred. Moreover, the yearly incidence of work-disability in this
plant because of chronic respiratory disease, decreased from 1.30% to 0.27% compared with a decrease from 0.30% to 0.12% in
other synthetic fibre plants. Conclusion: Follow-up investigation of exposure-effects demonstrated the effectiveness of remedial actions taken against a contaminated
humidification system.
Received: 27 January 1999 / Accepted: 22 January 2000 相似文献
93.
Jennifer B. McClure Evette J. LudmanLou Grothaus Chester PabiniakJulie Richards 《Patient education and counseling》2010
Objective
We compared long-term outcomes among smokers with and without impaired lung functioning who received brief counseling highlighting their spirometric test results.Methods
Participants in this analysis all received a brief motivational intervention for smoking cessation including spirometric testing and feedback (∼20 min), were advised to quit smoking, offered free access to a phone-based smoking cessation program, and followed for one year. Outcomes were analyzed for smokers with (n = 99) and without (n = 168) impaired lung function.Results
Participants with lung impairment reported greater use of self-help cessation materials at 6 months, greater use of non-study-provided counseling services at 6 and 12 months, higher 7-day PPA rates at 6 months, and were more likely to talk with their doctor about their spirometry results.Conclusion
Further research is warranted to determine if spirometry feedback has a differential treatment effect among smokers with and without lung impairment.Practice implications
It is premature to make practice recommendations based on these data. 相似文献94.
AIMS: To determine the agreement between the FEV1/FEV6 ratio and the FEV1/FVC ratio in an elderly population. METHOD: The study sample consisted of 3874 participants in a cross-sectional population survey in Troms?, Norway, aged 60 years or more, in whom acceptable spirometry had been obtained. Mean differences between the FEV1/FEV6 ratio (%) and the FEV1/FVC ratio (%) were calculated according to age, sex, smoking habit, and the degree of airflow limitation. ROC-curve analysis and Kappa-statistics were used to estimate the utility of the FEV1/FEV6 ratio in predicting an FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%. RESULTS: The mean difference between FEV1/FEV6% and FEV1/FVC% was 2.7% in both men and women. The difference between the two measures increased somewhat with increasing age, and was more pronounced with smoking and decreasing FEV1/FVC ratio. The value for the FEV1/FEV6 ratio which best predicted an FEV1/FVC ratio of 70%, was 73%, and a very good agreement was found between these two cut-off values (kappa = 0.86). CONCLUSION: The FEV1/FEV6 ratio appears to be a good substitute for the FEV1/FVC ratio in an elderly population. 相似文献
95.
96.
本文介绍了肺活量测试的常规参数和测量方法,分析了传统测量方法的局限,提出了动态测量和比较的基本思路和实现方法。 相似文献
97.
Inmaculada Alfageme Pilar de Lucas Julio Ancochea Marc Miravitlles Juan José Soler-Cataluña Francisco García-Río Ciro Casanova José Miguel Rodríguez González-Moro Borja G. Cosío Guadalupe Sánchez Joan B. Soriano 《Archivos de bronconeumologia》2019,55(1):38-47
Introduction
The EPISCAN study, published in 2007, was an update of the results of the 1997 IBERPOC study. Changes in demographics and exposure to risk factors demand the periodic update of prevalence and determining factors in COPD. This article is a summary of the protocol and tools used in EPISCAN II.Materials and methods
The primary objective of EPISCAN II is to estimate the prevalence of COPD among the general population aged 40 years or more in the 17 autonomous communities of Spain. The sample size requires 600 participants (300 men and 300 women) per center, selected by screening 10 200 participants in a short visit (questionnaire plus forced post-bronchodilator spirometry). Of these, 800 (400 with COPD and 400 without COPD) will also perform a long visit (including a walking test, blood tests, determination of diffusion, pulse oximetry and bioimpedance, and low radiation CT).Results
The first participant was recruited on 28 February 2017. As of 22 November 2017, a total of 3581 participants had been included, of whom 422 had already performed the long visit. It is estimated that the field work will be completed by December 2018. The new imaging data, biomarkers, and information on new exposures, such as electronic cigarettes and environmental pollution, will help us re-quantify the burden of COPD.Conclusions
EPISCAN II will provide updated information on prevalence and determinants of COPD in Spain, allowing for the comparison of spirometric results and other factors associated with COPD among the 17 autonomous communities. 相似文献98.
There is extensive evidence that exposure to asbestos causes pulmonary parenchymal fibrosis, pleural disease, and malignant neoplasm in asbestos-exposed workers. However, few data concerning brake-lining workers are available in the literature. In this study, we aimed to assess the long-term effects of chrysotile asbestos exposure on lung function and the risk of asbestos-related diseases in brake-lining workers. Seventy-four asbestos-exposed workers who processed brake-lining products and 12 unexposed office workers were offered pulmonary function tests (spirometry and transfer factor) in 1992 and 1999. In 1999, the mean duration of asbestos exposure was 10.00+/-4.07 and 11.02+/-4.81 years (7-31 years) in nonsmoking and smoking asbestos workers, respectively. Transfer factor (T(L), CO) and transfer coefficient (K(CO)) decline were significant in the 7-year follow-up in both smoking and nonsmoking asbestos workers. However, lung function indices of the control group, whom were all current smokers; were also found to be decreased, including FEF(75), T(L), CO and K(CO). We found minimal reticular changes in 10 asbestos workers who were all current smokers, they underwent high-resolution computed tomography scans of the chest and we found that they had peribronchial thickening resulting from smoking. As a conclusion, even in the absence of radiographic asbestosis, T(L), CO and K(CO) may decrease after a mean 10-year duration of exposure to asbestos in brake-lining workers and this is more noticeable with cigarette burden. 相似文献
99.
Linna O Hyrynkangas K Lanning P Nieminen P 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》2002,91(4):399-402
This study assessed the value of spirometry and chest X-rays in the diagnosis of airways stenosis in the tracheal or laryngeal regions at school age. A series of 14 patients was studied. Six of them had vascular ring anomalies, four subglottic stenosis, two aberrant innominate artery, one tracheal stenosis and one a laryngeal web. Four patients were suffering from chronic cough and ten from dyspnoea, noisy breathing and cough upon physical exercise. Two had had their symptoms since infancy and five since 3-6 y of age, whereas seven had had their first symptoms at school age. Nine patients had previously been suspected of having asthma, and five of them had been using inhaled corticosteroids, one inhaled sodium cromoglycate and one peroral terbutaline without any effect. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) to peak expiratory flow (PEF) was abnormally high in most of the patients. All six children with vascular ring anomalies also had an abnormal aortic configuration on a chest X-ray, and narrowing of the trachea was seen in two of the four with subglottic stenosis. Two children had both chest X-rays and spirometry values within the normal limits.
Conclusion: The results show that children with stenosis in the laryngeal or tracheal region may not have their first symptoms until school age. Many patients are falsely suspected of having asthma. Simple spirometry and chest X-rays will help the physician to make the correct diagnosis in these patients. 相似文献
Conclusion: The results show that children with stenosis in the laryngeal or tracheal region may not have their first symptoms until school age. Many patients are falsely suspected of having asthma. Simple spirometry and chest X-rays will help the physician to make the correct diagnosis in these patients. 相似文献
100.