When laparoscopy for fertility preservation prior to gonadotoxic treatment of an anterior mediastinal mass is a dilemma: A case report

IntroductionThe management of anterior mediastinal masses is a challenge for anesthesiologists. Recommendations for their management in the context of diagnostic or curative surgery are well described. The added risk of laparoscopic surgery for fertility preservation has however never been discussed in the literature.Presentation of caseWe present the case of a 32-year-old female patient with a large malignant anterior mediastinal mass. She was referred for anesthesia evaluation before laparoscopic ovarian tissue harvesting as part of fertility preservation prior to gonadotoxic treatment. The patient presented dyspnea at rest. Chest computed tomography revealed a tracheal deviation and a partial obstruction of the left mainstem bronchus. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a pericardial effusion. Proceeding to high risk anesthesia for a non-curative surgery in a patient with a highly symptomatic mass was considered unacceptable and the procedure was postponed. The patient received a single cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical and radiological improvement were shown after this single dose and laparoscopic surgery was performed under general anesthesia without complications.ConclusionIn the context of an anterior mediastinal mass and fertility preservation a thorough benefit-risk analysis must be undertaken before non-curative laparoscopic surgery. In case of severe symptoms, surgery should be postponed until the patient’s condition improves after the minimum necessary chemotherapy treatment. So far it is impossible to say whether the risk exceeds the expected benefit in this difficult situation. Further studies need to be conducted in this area.     

不同浓度、剂量布比卡因用于剖宫产脊麻的效果比较

目的研究比较不同浓度、剂量,等比重布比卡因对产妇的麻醉效果及新生儿的影响,为临床麻醉提供参考依据。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级初次足月妊娠拟择期剖宫产手术孕妇80例,随机分为A、B二组,每组各40例。均在左侧卧位下行腰-硬联合穿刺,L2-3进针,见脑脊液外流后,针斜面向下注入等比重布比卡因:A组:8mg(0·5%,1·6ml;配法:0·75%布比卡因2ml+脑脊液1ml);B组:9·6mg(0·6%,1·6ml;配法:0·75%布比卡因2ml+脑脊液0·5ml),20s注药完毕。记录麻醉前(基础值)和脊麻注药后1、3、5、7、10、15min各时间点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱合度(SpO2)。测定并记录麻醉起效时间、平面固定时间、最高麻醉平面点(胸,T)、麻醉完全消退时间、下肢阻滞的最大程度、麻醉并发症等。结果A组感觉阻滞起效时间长于B组(69·27±21·48vs52·43±27·61s,P<0·05);两组最高阻滞平面(T4·50±1·44vsT4·10±0·57)及最高阻滞平面的固定时间(7·69±1·36vs7·35±1·22min)相似(P>0·05)。A组麻醉完全消退时间快于B组(218·40±18·57vs256·22±16·72min,P<0·05);Bromage评分A组明显小于B组(2·03±0·68vs2·93±0·21,P<0·05);麻醉后B组低血压发生率明显高于A组(P<0·05)。两组病人的麻醉效果均优,肌松满意。所有新生儿的Apgar评分均在7分以上,无组间差异。结论两组病人均产生了良好的脊麻效果,权衡利弊剖宫产脊麻时应用8mg(0·5%,1·6ml)布比卡因更为安全合理。     

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy: Abnormal cardiovascular reactions under general anesthesia

Summary The influence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy upon the behavior of the circulatory system was investigated in 56 patients who had undergone ophthalmological surgery. A standardized test combination (variability in heart rate during deep breathing, Valsalva ratio, 3015 ratio, change in blood pressure from lying to standing, sustained handgrip test) was used to study the patients' cardiovascular reflectory reactions. The patients were then divided into the following groups: Group I, non-diabetics Group II, diabetics without autonomic neuropathy Group III, diabetics with autonomic neuropathy The anesthetic (induction by barbiturates and conduction by inhalation agents) and the surgical procedure (pars plana vitrectomy) were standardized and always identical. During anesthesia patients in group III experienced hypotensive reactions (systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg) significantly more often (72.2%) than patients in group I (25%). In order to achieve stability in blood pressure the patients of group III had to be given vasoactive drugs much more often (77.8%) than the patients of group I (12.5%) and those of group II (35.7%). We found a significant correlation between the degree of autonomic dysfunction and the largest drop in blood pressure under narcosis (r=–0.60,P<0.001). However, marked variability in heart rate and cardiac rhythm disorders during anesthesia were seen only in patients of groups I and II. These results prove the atypical hemodynamic behavior and especially the extreme instability in blood pressure in diabetic autonomic neuropathy under general anesthesia. Therefore we consider it to be very helpful to check the cardiovascular reflectory status of diabetics preoperatively.Abbreviations AN autonomic neuropathy - AV atrioventricular - BP blood pressure - bpm beats per minute - cm centimeter - f female - HR heart rate - m male - PD diastolic blood pressure - PS systolic blood pressure     

2.5g/L罗哌卡因高位硬膜外阻滞对呼吸功能的影响

目的 观察2.5g/L罗哌卡因用于上胸段硬膜外阻滞时对呼吸功能的影响。方法 20例行择期乳癌改良根治术患者,于T3－4硬膜外腔注入2.5g/L罗哌卡因10－15ml,观察用药前及用药后10、15、30min4个时点的呼吸功能变化,同时监测麻醉平面和循环功能。结果 硬膜外腔注入2.5g/L罗哌卡因后10、15、30min与麻醉前相比,潮气量、补呼气量和肺活量明显降低（P＜0．05－0．01）,呼吸频率增快（P＜0．05）,分钟通气量与SpO2保持不变（P＞0．05）。胸部皮肤痛觉消失平面T1－2－T6－7,循环功能（HR、ECG、MAP、SBP、DBP）稳定。麻醉期间无其它不良反应。结论 2.5g/L罗哌卡因用于高位硬膜外阻滞,在获得满意镇痛范围及循环功能稳定的同时,肺通气功能基本保持不变。     

改良的颈神经丛阻滞麻醉的临床观察

目的：探讨甲状腺大部切除手术应用改良的颈神经丛阻滞麻醉效果。方法：全部病例均采用一点法深浅颈神经丛阻滞。将全部病例随机分为A、B两组（每组30例）,深丛均为0.25%布比卡因液或1.14%利多卡因和0.14%地卡因混合液,每侧各约5-6ml。A组为与深丛相同浓度的局麻药液,每侧约8-10ml,B组为与A组所用药同等剂量,但其浓度为A组的2/3（即加入1/3容量的生理盐水）,使浅丛容量较A组增加1/3,约为11-13.5ml。结果：两组病人经过顺利,均无并发症。阻滞效果均较好,但A组病人在手术进行到牵拉甲状腺上极时,有12例病人牵拉痛较明显。结论：低浓度高容量法颈丛阻滞,效果可靠、安全、并发症少,是甲状腺大部切除较理想的麻醉方法。     

依托咪酯—芬太尼复合用于瓣膜置换术麻醉诱导的临床观察

目的观察依托咪酯-芬太尼复合用于瓣膜置换术麻醉的临床效果。方法选择心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级的心脏瓣膜置换术病人40例,其中心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级13例并有反复心衰史,40例中二尖瓣置换术22例,主动脉瓣置换11例,双瓣置换术7例。麻醉诱导用依托咪酯0.3mg/kg,芬太尼0.5μg/kg,泮库溴铵0.08mg/kg,气管插管。结果注射时无注射部位的疼痛、肌震颤或不自主肌肉运动等不良反应,未见心电图波形和心率的特殊改变;麻醉前后比较SBP(kPa)由16.7±2.3降至12.8±3.9(P<0.01),MAP(kPa)由12.5±3.1降至9.7±1.6(P<0.05),而 SPO2均在97％以上,CVP亦无明显变化。结论依托咪酯-芬太尼复合诱导可获平稳的血流动力学,有效的抑制气管插管心血管反应和依托咪酯的不良作用,是心脏瓣膜置换术等心功能差及危重病人良好的麻醉诱导药。