双音节普通话言语测听词表的等价性评估

目的：本项研究针对已编制完成的具有语音平衡特性的双音节普通话测听词汇表（MSTM）进行难度等价性分析，以期挑选出具有难度一致性的一组词表应用于临床。方法：对10张（每张50词）的双音节词表进行数字化录音。选取65名年龄18～25岁具有大专以上文化程度，日常生活中以普通话为交流方式的听力正常人作为受试者。对5名受试者进行预试验，获得正式测试时所需的给声强度。对60名受试者进行正式的言语识别测试，使用SPSS11．0软件对结果进行等价性分析。结果：10张双音节测试词表中，除测试表5外，其余各表间均具有难度等价性。结论：9张双音节普通话测听词汇表具有较好的难度等价性，可应用于临床测试和实验研究中。     

全喉切除改良气管-咽吻合Ⅰ期发声重建术

目的：探讨全喉切除Ⅰ期发声重建术的改进术式。方法：采用低位气管切开，全喉切除，食管前壁黏膜重建声门，气管切口处造瘘．颈段气管上提并缩窄吻合于舌根的方法行全喉切除及Ⅰ期发声重建木35例。结果：33例(94．29％）术后获得了不同程度的发声功能．不能发声者仅2例(5．71％)。全部患者术后均可经口进食，未出现严重的影响生存质量的误咽。结论：与以往的发声重建术相比，本术式具有发声成功率高、发声质量良好、误咽率低等优点，且无须置人人工发声装置．值得推广。     

Postictal Language Dysfunction in Patients with Right or Bilateral Hemispheric Language Localization

Summary: Purpose : As shown previously, when temporal lobe complex partial seizures (TLCPS) originate from the language dominant hemisphere, patients cannot read a test phrase correctly within 60 s of the end of the ictal discharge. We wished to assess whether postictal language testing results discordant with this pattern identified patients with non-left (right hemisphere or mixed) language dominance.
Methods : Since 1988, all patients undergoing video/EEG monitoring at our institution have been given a test phrase to read aloud as soon as a seizure is detected. Inclusion criteria for this study were (a) postictal language testing within 60 s of seizure end for at least one TLCPS, (b) >90% seizure reduction after anterior temporal lobectomy with 2-year minimum follow- follow- up, and (c) language localization by either intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) or direct electrical stimulation of left hemisphere cortex.
Results : Two hundred twenty-four seizures in 64 patients were analyzed. Discordant postictal language patterns were noted in 10 of 11 patients with IAT documented non-left language dominance and in 15 of 53 with left dominance (p = 0.006; sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 71.7%).
Conclusions : Postictal language testing accurately identifies patients with non-left language dominance and may be useful in selecting appropriate patients for IAT.     

一组普通话音位平衡单音节字表的文字编撰

目的编写一组适用于言语识别率测试的音位平衡的单音节测听词表。方法为兼顾测试的可靠性与临床实践中的效率,本课题将简短原则、音位平衡原则、常用字原则、覆盖原则、表间等价性等作为词表编写的主要原则。共设计了30张词表、每张词表包含25个单音节测试项。参照《声学手册》中的汉语音位一维概率分布,计算得到汉语拼音的22个声母(含零声母)、36个韵母、4个声调在30张词表、750个单音节测试项中的分布频次。基于音位平衡原则,通过计算机辅助编程和手动调整,从现代汉语常用字表的一级最常用汉字2500字和常用词表4000词中的单字词表中进行音节编选。结果形成了30张包含声母、韵母、声调在内的音位分配表。选取了489个音节,编撰了30张遵循音位平衡的单音节字表,每张表25字。结论该表文字稿是今后制作汉语音位平衡的单音节语音测试录音材料的基础。     

16通道人工耳蜗植入装置的原理和研制

人工耳蜗植入是利用电听觉原理恢复聋人听觉的一种有效方法，作者依据耳蜗在电刺激条件下的听觉生理学原理和心理声学参量，提出汉语主意编码方案的设想，研制出１６通道耳蜗植入电极系统和语言处理装置，并进行初步动物实验研究。     

Variant and invariant characteristics of speech movements

Summary Upper lip, lower lip, and jaw kinematics during select speech behaviors were studied in an attempt to identify potential invariant characteristics associated with this highly skilled motor behavior. Data indicated that speech motor actions are executed and planned presumably in terms of relatively invariant combined multimovement gestures. In contrast, the individual upper lip, lower lip, and jaw movements and their moment-to-moment coordination were executed in a variable manner, demonstrating substantial motor equivalence. Based on the trial-to-trial variability in the movement amplitudes, absolute positions, and velocities of the upper lip, lower lip, and jaw, it appears that speech motor planning is not formulated in terms of spatial coordinates. Seemingly, object-level planning for speech may be encoded in relation to the acoustic consequences of the movements and ultimately with regard to listener's auditory perceptions. In addition, certain temporal parameters among the three movements (relative times of movement onsets and velocity peaks) were related stereotypically, reflecting invariances characteristic of more automatic motor behaviors such as chewing and locomotion. These data thus appear to provide some additional insights into the hierarchy of multimovement control. At the top of the motor control hierarchy, the overall plan appears to be generated with explicit specification of certain temporal parameters. Subsequently, based upon the plan and within that stereotypic temporal framework, covariable adjustments among the individual movements are implemented. Given the results of previous perturbation studies, it is hypothesized that these covariable velocity and amplitude adjustments reflect the action of sensorimptor mechanisms.     

Central patterning of speech movements

Summary Previous speech kinematic studies have demonstrated systematic timing relations among the upper lip, lower lip, and jaw suggesting the operation of a central pattern generator (CPG). The present study evaluated the consistency of these timing relations following unanticipated perturbation of the lower lip. Using this approach, it was also possible to evaluate the influence of sensory information on the timing of motor output and subsequent coordination of the multiple speech movements. Perturbations were applied to the lower lip during the closing movement associated with the first p in sapapple. Muscle activity and movements of the upper lip, lower lip, and jaw were obtained. Changes in movement displacement, velocity and duration, the timing and sequencing of peak velocities, EMG area, and EMG rise time were analyzed for the control and load conditions. Similar to previous perturbation results, significant magnitude compensations from the muscles and movements of the upper lip, lower lip, and jaw were observed. In contrast, movement durations and the sequencing of peak velocities were relatively unaffected by the lower lip load. The timing of peak EMG amplitude and consequently the timing of peak closing velocity for all structures (UL, LL, and J) occurred earlier relative to the preceding opening movement. These results are consistent with the interaction of phasic sensory input with centrally-driven commands resulting in a phase-advanced motor output. Further, as the timing of one structure is modified so were all the functionally-linked components thereby maintaining the necessary coordination. As in other rhythmic motor behaviors such as locomotion and chewing, there appears to be a centrally patterned framework for speech movement coordination.     

咽丛神经切断术在发音重建中的作用

目的　为解除咽缩肌的痉挛 ,提高喉全切除术后用发音管发音重建的成功率。方法　在一侧舌骨大角后内侧咽缩肌的后表面 6 5mm左右 ,可找到咽丛神经支配咽下缩肌的主支或分支 ,将其切断。结果　 16例中 15例咽丛神经切断术后发音重建成功 ,成功率为 93 8%。结论　咽丛神经切断术取代咽缩肌切断术是可行的。咽丛神经切断术能提高Blom Singer发音管发音重建的成功率 ,值得推广应用。     

京剧嗓音的声学分析及音域特征

目的　从声学角度客观地检测京剧的嗓音特征 ,为京剧演唱者嗓音的训练和保护提供参考。方法　对 73名 1 6～ 5 7岁不同行当的专业京剧演员或学员 ,利用Dr Speech计算机频谱分析系统对元音 /a/、/i/歌唱舒适音和唱段进行声学参数的检测和分析。结果　各行当元音 /a/、/i/歌唱舒适音的基频 (fundamentalfrequency,F0 )分别是 :丑角 (2 72 6± 42 0 )Hz( x±s ,下同 )、(30 4 2± 2 2 1 )Hz;小生 (499 3± 34 0 )Hz,(485 4± 1 8 7)Hz;老生 (335 6± 6 0 0 )Hz,(31 7 9± 45 1 )Hz ;花脸 (31 9 0±6 1 3)Hz,(34 0 1± 6 8 8)Hz;老旦 (42 7 6± 47 2 )Hz,(437 7± 45 8)Hz ;花旦 (5 35 8± 48 8)Hz,(5 6 1 6± 2 9 2 )Hz ;青衣 (5 48 0± 6 9 5 )Hz,(5 43 5± 79 3)Hz;其它声学参数 :频率微扰 (pitchperiodperturbation,或Jitter)、振幅微扰 (amplitudeperturbation ,或Shimmer)和声门噪声能量 (也称标准化噪声能量级 ,normalizednoiseenergy ,NNE)均在软件提供的正常值范围内 ;京剧演员歌唱音域的跨度为 1 7～ 2 8个八度 ,最低音和多数最高音均比西洋唱法的高音声部相应的值高。结论　京剧嗓音有着独特的声学特征 ;结果对其嗓音的训练和保护有一定的临床参考