Predicting Delirium Risk Using an Automated Mayo Delirium Prediction Tool: Development and Validation of a Risk-Stratification Model

ObjectiveTo develop a delirium risk-prediction tool that is applicable across different clinical patient populations and can predict the risk of delirium at admission to hospital.MethodsThis retrospective study included 120,764 patients admitted to Mayo Clinic between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017, with age 50 and greater. The study group was randomized into a derivation cohort (n=80,000) and a validation cohort (n=40,764). Different risk factors were extracted and analyzed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized logistic regression.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for Mayo Delirium Prediction (MDP) tool using derivation cohort was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], .846 to .855). Using the regression coefficients obtained from the derivation cohort, predicted probability of delirium was calculated for each patient in the validation cohort. For the validation cohort, AUROC was 0.84 (95% CI, .834 to .847). Patients were classified into 1 of the 3 risk groups, based on their predicted probability of delirium: low (≤5%), moderate (6% to 29%), and high (≥30%). In the derivation cohort, observed incidence of delirium was 1.7%, 12.8%, and 44.8% (low, moderate, and high risk, respectively), which is similar to the incidence rates in the validation cohort of 1.9%, 12.7%, and 46.3%.ConclusionThe Mayo Delirium Prediction tool was developed from a large heterogeneous patient population with good validation results and appears to be a reliable automated tool for delirium risk prediction with hospitalization. Further prospective validation studies are required.     

护士职业倦怠产生的原因及对策

简述了职业倦怠的概念,综述了护士产生职业倦怠的原因,护理工作性质、护士社会地位、角色冲突、人格特征、人际关系及年龄等均是导致护士出现职业倦怠的因素,针对以上因素提出了相应的对策。     

The Relationship of Knowledge of Osteoporosis and Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women in Silesia Osteo Active Study

The Silesia Osteo Active Study was designed to assess osteoporosis-related knowledge and its relationships with skeletal status in an epidemiological population-based program. Participants were chosen randomly from postmenopausal women over 55?yr. The study group consisted of 388 patients (mean age 65?±?7). All participants fulfilled medical and socioeconomic questionnaires and test concerning osteoporosis-related knowledge. They underwent proximal femur and lumbar spine densitometry. The mean level of osteoporosis knowledge was 7.3?±?2.0 for 10 questions. Osteoporosis knowledge seems to have no influence on densitometry results in the population; nevertheless it improves femoral neck (FN) density in those without prior personal experience of osteoporosis (r?=?0.15; p?<?0.05). Higher knowledge of osteoporosis was connected with osteoporosis in family, hormone replacement therapy or smoking history, and higher educational degree. The level of knowledge was significantly better in younger than in older participants (7.4 vs 6.7; p?<?0.01). Osteoporosis (T-score?<??2.5) was established in 6.4%, 2%, and 33% for FN, total hip, and spine, respectively. As a conclusion, current study revealed a positive influence of the knowledge of osteoporosis on FN density in postmenopausal women without prior personal experience of the disease.     

2009至2016年中国甲型H1N1流感病毒神经氨酸酶基因进化分析及流行趋势预测

摘要:目的：分析2009至2016年中国甲型H1N1流感病毒神经氨酸酶基因（NA）进化特征,预测其流行趋势,为流感疫苗评价提供依据。 方法：从全球共享禽流感数据倡议组织（GISAID）数据库及美国国家生物技术中心（NCBI）数据库下载甲型H1N1流感病毒NA基因序列1 141条。利用邻接法进行系统进化分析和遗传变异分析,利用Bayesian skyline Plot预测流行趋势。 结果：2009至2016年中国甲型H1N1毒株NA基因与参考毒株的同源性逐年降低。遗传进化分析显示同一年份的毒株在系统进化树上基本呈现集中分布。除2012年,其余各年份的毒株均通过不同模型得到正向压力选择位点。动力学分析显示2017年甲型H1N1可能达到一个流行高峰。 结论：甲型H1N1流感病毒NA基因所编码的氨基酸逐年变异,需进一步加强流感监测。     

Myopotential Inhibition of Unipolar QRS-inhibited (VVI) Pacemakers, Assessed by Ambulatory Holter Monitoring of the Electrocardiogram

Seventy-four patients with unipolar QRS-inhibited pacemakers (VVI) were Holter monitored to assess the occurrence of pacemaker inhibition caused by skeletal muscle potentials during daily activities. Fifty patients had high-grade atrioventricular block and 24 had sinoatrial disease. Chest wall stimulation prior to monitoring revealed asystole of > 4 seconds duration in 22 patients, and ventricular rates between 25 and 56 beats per minute in 52 patients. Fifty-one patients (69%) had one or more episodes of pacemaker inhibition from myopotentials. Inhibition occurred in all types of pacemakers studies, but was most frequent and of longest duration in patients with Siemens-Elema 207/70 (13/14 patients), Cordis Omni-Stanicor (6/7 patients), CPI Microlith (5/6 patients), and Medtronic 5945 (8/10 patients). This was not unexpected considering the filter characteristics of the pacemakers. Nine patients (12%) presented symptoms which might be ascribed to pacemaker inhibition. The longest asystole observed was 3.2 s. Seven patients had pacemakers spikes falling on or near T-waves of spontaneous heart beats because their pacemakers had been rendered refractory by myopotentials. No serious arrhythmias were seen during episodes of pacemaker inhibition or interference. More emphasis should be put on the improvement of filter characteristics of unipolar VVI-pacemakers. Pacemaker patients with symptoms of myopotential inhibition should be equipped with either a bipolar or ventricular triggered (VVT) pacemaker or with a sensitivity and/or pacing mode programmable pacemaker.     

赛多孢霉属侵袭感染的临床特征及实验室检查分析

目的探讨侵袭性赛多孢霉属感染的临床表现和实验室检查特点。方法收集2011年1月至2017年4月收治的8例赛多孢霉属患者的临床资料,对赛多孢霉属感染相关病例的临床表现、诱发因素和实验室检查的特点进行回顾性分析。结果8例患者中检出尖端赛多孢霉6株,波氏赛多孢霉1株,多育赛多孢霉1株。外伤、环境暴露和免疫力降低是赛多孢霉属感染的常见诱发因素。标本直接镜检均查见有隔菌丝,阳性率100%。菌落生长速度相对较快,侵袭力强,菌落形态多样,呈白色羊绒状至黑酵母样,随着培养时间的延长,从菌落中心开始颜色逐渐变深,结合镜下形态可进行菌属的快速鉴别。结论侵袭性赛多孢霉属感染病程进展迅速,病情凶险,以尖端赛多孢霉感染最多见。应加强对赛多孢霉属感染疾病的认识,提高诊治水平。     

管氏两仪生化六法针刺手法探微

文章阐述了管氏两仪生化六法的源流,论述管氏两仪生化六法的适应证与手法操作,分析阳中隐阴、阴中隐阳、龙虎交战、子午捣臼、龙虎升降、凤凰展翅针刺手法的学术特点,结合典型病案举例,阐述管氏针灸学术流派两仪生化六法的手法特点和临床应用,探讨名老中医学术经验。     

甲状腺机能亢进患者穴位伏安特性研究

目的:观察甲状腺机能亢进(甲亢)患者与健康人大陵、神门、内关穴伏安特性的变化规律。方法:应用智能型穴位伏安特性检测仪检测56例甲亢患者与40名健康人大陵、神门、内关穴的伏安曲线,并进行比较分析。结果:甲亢患者左大陵穴的惯性面积显著大于健康人(P<0.01),甲亢患者右大陵穴的增、减程伏安面积均显著小于健康人(P<0.01)。甲亢患者左神门穴减程伏安面积和右神门穴的增程伏安面积显著小于健康人(P<0.01)。甲亢患者左内关穴减程伏安面积小于健康人(P<0.05)。结论:甲亢患者穴位的伏安特性较健康人发生变化,且对该疾病的反映主要体现在大陵穴。     

Characterisation of clinical,laboratory and imaging factors related to mild vs. severe covid-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background

Early detection of disease progression associated with severe COVID-19, and access to proper medical care lowers fatality rates of severe cases. Currently, no studies had systematically examined the variables in detecting severe COVID-19.