Effects of soybean isoflavone extract on the plasma lipid profiles and antioxidant enzyme activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The present study evaluated the effects of various dosages of soybean isoflavone extract on lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The one normal control group was fed an AIN-76-based experimental diet and four diabetic groups were fed the same diet, supplemented with four different levels of soybean isoflavone extract for seven weeks. The daily dosages of pure isoflavone for four diabetic groups were set to be 0 mg (diabetic control), 0.5 mg (ISO-I), 3.0 mg (ISO-II) and 30.0 mg (ISO-III) per kilogram of body weight, respectively. The plasma total cholesterol levels and the TBA-reactive substances contents in the liver and kidney were significantly lowered in ISO-II and ISO-III groups compared to those in the diabetic control group. The levels of plasma HDL-cholesterol, plasma vitamin A and hepatic superoxide dismutase were significantly increased in those two groups compared with the diabetic control group. The present study demonstrated the possibility that the diets supplemented with 3.0 mg and 30.0 mg of soybean isoflavone extract may have beneficial effects on the plasma lipids, tissue lipid peroxidation and partly on antioxidant system in diabetic animals and there were no significant differences between the ISO-II and ISO-III groups. The results suggest that the effective daily dosage level of isoflavone for improving lipid metabolism in diabetic rats may be above 3.0 mg per kilogram body weight.     

大豆异黄酮对体外血管内皮细胞氧化损伤保护作用的形态学观察

目的：从形态学角度观察大豆异黄酮（SI）对氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL)诱导的血管内皮细胞（ECV）损伤的保护作用。方法：体外培养人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（ECV），将细胞分为5组，即氧化损伤对照组（ox-LDL），氧化损伤加入维生素E对照组（VE＋ox-LDL），氧化损伤加入大豆异黄酮低，中，高浓度组（SL－L＋ox-LDL，SI－M＋ox-LDL，SI－H＋ox-LDL。用ox-LDL作用于加入VE及不同浓度SI孵育24h的内皮细胞，继续培养24h，测定各组细胞活力（MTT），观察各组细胞一般形态和超微结构的变化。结果：加入VE及SI各浓度组细胞MTT（OD值）明显高于ox-LDL组，差异有显著性（P＜0．01）；而VE ox-LDL组与（SL－L，M，H）＋ox-LDL组间，MTT（OD值）无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。光镜观察结果显示ox-LDL组细胞收缩，变圆，细胞间隙增宽，而加入VE及SI可使细胞形态有不同程度的恢复，细胞间隙减小。扫描电镜观察显示ox-LDL组细胞膜有破损，细胞表面绒毛减少甚至消失，加入VE及SI可使细胞恢复近似正常状态，铺片良好，胞膜完整，细胞间有突起互相连接。结论：SI对血管内皮细胞氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用，而且SI与VE之间无显著性差别。     

Phospholipids in human cerebrospinal fluid

Summary Phospholipid fractions in cerebrospinal fluid of normal persons were examined by separation with thin layer chromatography. 100 ml of cerebrospinal fluid were found to contain 22±4 g phospholipid phosphorus, on the average consisting of 12% lysolecithin, 20% sphingomyelin, 42% lecithin, 2% lysocephalin, 3% phosphatidylinositol, 2% phosphatidylserine, 9% phosphatidylethanolamine. 4% of the total phospholipids remained at the origin of the chromatograms, the rest was recovered in yet unidentified fractions.

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Zusammenfassung Phospholipidfraktionen wurden im Liquor cerebrospinalis von Normalpersonen durch Auftrennen mit Dünnschichtchromatographie bestimmt. In 100 ml Liquor wurden 22±4 g Phospholipidphosphor gefunden, davon 12% Lysolecithin, 20% Sphingomyelin, 42% Lecithin, 2% Lysokephalin, 3% Phosphatidylinositol, 2% Phosphatidylserin und 9% Phosphatidyläthanolamin. 4% wurden an der Auftragsstelle gefunden, der Rest in nicht identifizierten Fraktionen. Mit der angewandten Methode war es also möglich, mehr Phospholipidfraktionen als bisher angegeben aufzutrennen.

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List of Abbreviations CSF cerebrospinal fluid - PL phospholipid(s) - tot PL total phospholipids - PLP phospholipid phosphorus - LL lysolecithin (lysophosphatidylcholine) - SM sphingomyelin - L lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) - PI phosphatidylinositol - PS phosphatidylserine - PE phosphatidylethanolamine - LC lysocephalin, including lysophosphatidylethanolamine; lysophosphatidylinositol and lysophophatidylserine - O Origin     

Is surfactant therapy beneficial in the treatment of the term newborn infant with congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of surfactant replacement on survival, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and chronic lung disease in term infants with prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). STUDY DESIGN: Prenatally diagnosed infants born at > or =37 weeks' gestation with immediate distress at delivery and no other major congenital anomalies, who were enrolled in the CDH Registry, were analyzed. For univariate analysis, chi 2 tests were used for categoric variables and unpaired t tests for nominal variables. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios. RESULTS: Eligible infants (n = 522) were identified. Demographic variables were similar between the surfactant-treated (n = 192) and nonsurfactant-treated (n = 330) groups, with the exception of race (white, 88.0% vs 71.2%; P =.0007). The use of ECMO and incidence of chronic lung disease were higher (59.8 vs 50.6, P =.04; 59.9 vs 47.6, P =.0066) and survival lower in the surfactant-treated cohort (57.3 vs 70.0, P =.0033). Adjusted logistic regression for use of ECMO, survival, and chronic lung disease resulted in odds ratios inconsistent with an improved outcome associated with surfactant use. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis shows no benefit associated with surfactant therapy for term infants with a prenatal diagnosis of isolated CDH.     

Lipid nano/submicron emulsions as vehicles for topical flurbiprofen delivery

The application of lipid nano/submicron emulsions as topical drug carrier systems for the percutaneous absorption of flurbiprofen was investigated. The lipid emulsions were made up of isopropyl myristate (IPM), soybean oil, or coconut oil as the oil phase, egg lecithin as the predominant emulsifier, and double-distilled water as the external phase. Stearylamine (SA) and deoxycholic acid (DA) also were used to produce positively and negatively charged emulsions. To evaluate the physicochemical properties of the lipid emulsions, particle size by laser light scattering, the image of atomic force microscopy, and relaxation time values by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were determined. The in vitro permeation data showed that incorporation of SA significantly reduced the topical delivery of flurbiprofen. On the other hand, incorporation of DA exhibited no or a negligible effect on drug permeation. Enhancement of drug absorption was observed when adding oleic acid as part of the oil phase. The in vivo topical application of flurbiprofen from selected lipid emulsions showed a similar trend to the in vitro status. Furthermore, the intersubject variability was considerably reduced by lipid emulsions than by aqueous suspensions in both the in vitro and in vivo experiments. The irritant profiles of lipid emulsions showed that IPM elicited higher irritation than soybean oil. The incorporation of oleic acid also produced skin disruption. The results in the present study suggest the feasibility of lipid emulsions for the topical delivery of flurbiprofen.     

Formulation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of silymarin-loaded lipid microspheres

The objective of our study was to incorporate and evaluate Silymarin, a chemically defined natural hepatoprotective agent, in lipid microstructured systems. Various constituents of lipid microspheres—namely, internal oily core; surfactant such as soyabean lecithin; and cosurfactants such as span 20, tween 20, tween 80, and propylene glycol—were tried in different concentrations to optimize the final formulation characteristics such as globule size range, structural integrity, sustainability, and percent drug-holding capacity. The final formulation (formulation A) was characterized with respect to size and morphology using transmission electron microscopy and laser diffraction technique. The enhanced mean percent release of 56.70 ± 2.03% was observed in 36 hr from silymarin-loaded lipid microspheres (formulation A), as compared to 18.67 ± 0.192% with silymarin solution (formulation B). Thus, a stable delivery system having synergistic hepatoprotective effect of silymarin and soyabean lecithin could successively be produced for passive targeting to the liver.     

黄豆中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药多组分残留的气相色谱法测定研究

目的：以加速溶剂萃取技术和凝胶渗透色谱法处理样品,建立气相色谱法测定黄豆中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药多组分残留的方法。方法：样品经加速溶剂萃取,凝胶渗透色谱净化,浓缩后由气相色谱法测定,进行准确度、精密度及线性试验。结果：α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH、ρ,ρ′-DDE、O,ρ′-DDT、ρ,ρ′-DDD、ρ,ρ′-DDT、氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯的检测限范围为0.357-7.468μg/kg,回收率在78.4%-116.0%之间,相对标准偏差均小于8.0%。结论：方法快速简便,回收率、精密度较好,符合检测要求,适合于豆类食品中多种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药的测定。     

Subchronic feeding study of herbicide–tolerant soybean DP-356Ø43-5 in Sprague–Dawley rats

Optimum™GAT™ ¹ soybean is a genetically modified (GM) soybean containing event DP-356Ø43-5 (356043) that was produced by integration of the coding sequences of the GAT4601 and GM–HRA proteins. In planta expression of these proteins confers tolerance to glyphosate and sulfonylurea/imidazolinone herbicides, respectively. This paper reports the results from a subchronic rat feeding study conducted with 356043 soybeans. Dehulled/defatted toasted meal and toasted ground hulls were prepared from soybeans from untreated plants (356043), herbicide-treated plants (356043 + Gly/SU), non-transgenic isoline control (091), and three commercial non-transgenic reference varieties (93B86, 93B15, and 93M40). Individual diets conforming to standard certified rodent chow formulation (Purina Rodent LabDiet^® 5002) were prepared with 20% meal (w/w) and 1.5% hulls (w/w). Diets were fed to young adult Sprague–Dawley rats (12/sex/group) for at least 93 days. Compared with rats fed the isoline control or conventional reference diets, no biologically-relevant, adverse effects were observed in rats fed diets containing 356043 or 356043 + Gly/SU soybean with respect to body weight/gain, food consumption/efficiency, clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmology, neurobehavioral assessments (sensory response, grip strength, motor activity), clinical pathology (hematology, coagulation, serum chemistry, urinalysis), organ weights, and gross and microscopic pathology. The results from this study indicate that 356043 soybeans are as safe and nutritious as conventional non-GM soybeans.     

豆油对螺旋霉素发酵的影响

以螺旋霉素链霉菌SPM1 1 0 8为出发菌株 ,经波长为 2 54nm、功率 30W的紫外诱变处理 50s,筛选豆油耐性突变株 ,得到一株螺旋霉素高产菌株SPM2 89,其发酵效价较出发菌株提高了 2 2 5 %。以此为试验菌株 ,采用含豆油培养基进行发酵试验 ,结果表明 ,豆油的最佳加入量为 2 0 % ,加入时间以 0～ 1 2h为宜。采用上述含豆油培养基并补加前体正丙醇 ,发酵效价比不添加前体提高 2 1 %。此工艺应用于 50m3发酵罐工业生产 ,月平均发酵水平较原工艺提高 30 %～ 50 % ,产品质量稍有提高