Social class, income, education, area of residence and psychological distress: does social class have an independent effect on psychological distress in Antalya, Turkey?

  Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the separate effects of social class, income, education and area of residence on psychological distress. The study also assesses whether the association between prevalence of high score on the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 12) and social class is independent of other variables. Method: Psychological distress was assessed by means of the GHQ 12. The study covered 1092 adults aged 15 years or more living in two different quarters of Antalya. Social class status was defined by occupational position, with income, education and area of residence treated as confounders. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the data. Results: Large inequalities in psychological distress by all variables were observed. Psychological distress was significantly associated with class status, after adjusting for income, education, area of residence and other potential confounders (age, sex and marital status). Class inequalities in psychological distress were observed between blue-collar workers/unqualified employees and bourgeoisie. Conclusions: These findings support the view that the recent widening of inequalities among social classes in Turkey pose a substantial threat to health. Accepted: 5 November 1999     

丙泊酚治疗难治性癫痫持续状态的临床研究进展

难治性癫痫持续状态是一种严重的内科急症,具有很高的死亡率,临床治疗非常棘手。近年来,越来越多的临床研究和病例报告显示,丙泊酚（又名异丙酚）对难治性癫痫持续状态有较好的疗效,但治疗过程中也有发生严重并发症的危险。本文综述了近年来丙泊酚治疗难治性癫痫持续状态的临床研究进展及其可能的作用机制。     

无锡市病程5年以上精神分裂症患者现状调查

目的:调查无锡市病程5年以上精神分裂症患者的现状及其相关因素.方法:采用整群抽样调查方法,对226例病程＞5年的精神分裂症患者进行评定.量表包括阳性与阴性症状量表、社会功能缺陷筛选量表、日常生活能力量表、功能大体评定量表、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF).结果:精神分裂症患者病后结婚者离婚率达27.6%,明显高于普通人群的15.4%(x2=5.687,P=0.017).病后就学就业率明显低于病前(x2=7.934,P=0.005),女性患者病后就学就业者又明显低于男性(x2=10.825,P=0.001).家庭人均收入(617±279)元,为普通居民的54.5%.长期住院61例(27.0%);只有8.8%的患者能全日工作,精神分裂症患者精神残疾率达83.0%.WHOQOL总分34～99分,平均(73.2±11.9)分;社会关系分量表及家庭人均收入与精神残疾呈负相关,而居住状况越差、家属关心程度越差和伴有躯体疾病者与精神残疾呈正相关.结论:精神分裂症患者的病情发展及病后社会经济状况恶化应引起重视.精神分裂症患者的社会功能缺陷受多种因素影响.     

综合干预后血脂达标率调查

目的探讨综合干预措施对老年人血脂异常状况改善的价值。方法采用国际标准化心血管流行病学调查方法,对辖区内离退休老干部进行心血管危险因素调查;对该人群进行健康教育,并对每一个体进行危险评估、个体化用药指导,并跟踪随访。结果(1)本研究人群是多重危险因素高度聚集的心血管疾病群体,冠心病及等危症者占69.81%;(2)经过3年的综合干预,他汀类药物的服用率由14.48%上升到22.32%;高TC血症治疗达标率由27.00%上升至63.78%;高LDL-C控制率由19.79%上升到63.65%;TC与LDL-C的达标率都有显著增高(P<0.01);TG的达标率无显著变化。结论健康教育和根据危险分层确定个体化治疗方案相结合的综合干预,能够明显提高高胆固醇血症老年患者的血脂达标率。     

Socioeconomic status,individual behaviors and risk for mental disorders: A Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundThere is increasing attention on the association of socioeconomic status and individual behaviors (SES/IB) with mental health. However, the impacts of SES/IB on mental disorders are still unclear. To provide evidence for establishing feasible strategies on disease screening and prevention, we implemented Mendelian randomization (MR) design to appraise causality between SES/IB and mental disorders.MethodsWe conducted a two-sample MR study to assess the causal effects of SES and IB (dietary habits, habitual physical activity, smoking behaviors, drinking behaviors, sleeping behaviors, leisure sedentary behaviors, risky behaviors, and reproductive behaviors) on three mental disorders, including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. A series of filtering steps were taken to select eligible genetic instruments robustly associated with each of the traits. Inverse variance weighted was used for primary analysis, with alternative MR methods including MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode estimate. Complementary methods were further used to detect pleiotropic bias.ResultsAfter Bonferroni correction and rigorous quality control, we identified that SES (educational attainment), smoking behaviors (smoking initiation, number of cigarettes per day), risky behaviors (adventurousness, number of sexual partners, automobile speeding propensity) and reproductive behavior (age at first birth) were causally associated with at least one of the mental disorders.ConclusionsMR study provides robust evidence that SES/IB play broad impacts on mental disorders.     

驻京津冀武警基层战士心理健康KABP调查及健康教育需求分析

目的 了解武警基层战士心理健康相关知-信-行现状及健康教育需求,为有针对性地开展心理健康教育提供理论依据和数据支持.方法 自行设计的《武警基层战士心理健康相关知-信-行调查》问卷,采用整群方便抽样,对驻京津冀856名武警基层战士进行调查.结果 被调查战士心理健康相关知-信-行得分及格率分别为54.4％、97.1％和95...     

Changes in socioeconomic differentials in old age life expectancy in four Nordic countries: the impact of educational expansion and education-specific mortality

Overall progress in life expectancy (LE) depends increasingly on survival in older ages. The birth cohorts now reaching old age have experienced considerable educational expansion, which is a driving force for the social change and social inequality. Thus, this study examines changes in old age LE by educational attainment in the Nordic countries and aims to find out to what extent the change in national LEs is attributable to education-specific mortality and the shifting educational composition. We used national register data comprising total 65 + populations in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden to create period life tables stratified by five-year age groups (65–90 +), sex and educational attainment. Difference in LE between 2001 and 2015 was decomposed into the contributions of mortality changes within each educational group and changes in educational composition. Increasing LE at all ages and in all educational groups coincided with persistent and growing educational inequalities in all countries. Most of the gains in LE at age 65 could be attributed to decreased mortality (63–90%), especially among those with low education, the largest educational group in most countries. The proportion of the increase in LE attributable to improved education was 10–37%, with the highest contributions recorded for women in Norway and Sweden. The rising educational levels in the Nordic countries still carry potential for further gains in national LEs. However, the educational expansion has contributed to uneven gains in LE between education groups, which poses a risk for the future increase of inequalities in LE.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-022-00698-y.     

中药官桂的应用现状及其考证

目的研究中药官桂的应用现状及对其进行考证。方法采用性状鉴别法、显微鉴别法、薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法对所收集的官桂样品进行鉴别,采用文献检索法进行官桂的相关考证。结果通过鉴别,官桂样品并不是同一品种,且有同一企业来源的两批官桂样品并不是同一品种的现象;通过考证,反映了官桂的来源复杂、标准规范不统一,临床上用的“官桂”与商品“官桂”并不相同。结论本研究首次通过实例报道了官桂的应用现状,结论是官桂的应用很混乱,同名异物现象很严重,应当加以重视,加强研究,争取统一其标准;相关企业要严格执行本地区有关官桂的地方标准,做到正本清源。     

Analysis of Differences in Preterm Birth Rates According to Household Occupation in Japan From 2007 to 2019

ObjectivesNo studies have examined the association between preterm birth rates and socioeconomic factors in Japan using nationwide statistical data. We analyzed the association between preterm birth rates and household occupation using Vital Statistics data.MethodsAggregated Vital Statistics data from Japan from 2007 to 2019 were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. From the data, the number of births according to year, age group, gestational period, number of pregnancies, and household occupation were used in this study. Crude preterm birth rates and preterm birth rates adjusted by maternal age according to household occupation were calculated for each year. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between household occupation and preterm births.ResultsUnemployed households had the highest preterm birth rate, and households with an occupation classification of “full-time worker 2” (an employee at a large company, civil servant, or board member) had the lowest preterm birth rate throughout each period. Poisson regression analysis revealed that unemployed households were statistically significantly associated with a high preterm birth risk. In contrast, the preterm birth rate adjusted by maternal age remained stable throughout each period regardless of household occupation, and preterm birth rates were found not to have increased in recent years in Japan.ConclusionsUnemployed households had higher preterm birth rates than other household occupations. Further studies investigating the characteristics of unemployed households are needed to identify the reasons for this disparity.