“十一五”期间我国中医外科学研究热点分析

以中国学术文献网络出版总库2006-2010年间的329篇中医外科文献为分析对象,基于文献聚类及高频关键词的社会网络分析方法,对文献主题及相关主题词进行系统分析,揭示"十一五"期间中医外科在教学、临床等方面的研究热点与主题分布。     

460例犯罪少年流行病学调查初报

460例犯罪少年有关因素进行流行病学调查结果表明:13～17岁是少年初次违法犯罪的年龄高峰期。各类罪行比率,城市高于农村(P<0.05),夏季多于其他季节(P<0.05)。两组少年犯家庭相比较,不和谐、缺陷家庭、中低生活水平及受父母不良教育方法的比率明显高于和谐、非缺陷家庭(P<0.05,P<0.01)。少年犯六种气质类型以多血质与胆汁混合型比率为高(P<0.01)。     

Evaluating an Activity Intervention with Hemodialysis Patients in Israel

ABSTRACT

As a life-threatening and potentially disabling disease, End Stage Renal Disease and its treatment cause stress as well as other psychosocial problems for patients and their families. This paper examines the results of an innovative activity-based intervention aimed at reducing some of the psychosocial repercussions of hemodialysis. A modified withdrawal/reversal design was employed to compare patients participating in the intervention and those who did not, at two points in time. The findings confirmed that dialysis patients in general have relatively high levels of psychological distress, difficulty adhering to the treatment regimen and poor self-rated health. Patients participating in the group activity were more anxious and had lower levels of interdialytic weight gain than the non-participants. After the intervention was terminated, levels of psychological distress, hostility and phobic anxiety among patients in the treatment group dropped, while their weight gain continued to be less than that of non-participating patients. The implications of these findings as well as the methodological difficulties entailed in this type of study are examined.     

What (or who) causes health inequalities: Theories,evidence and implications?

Health inequalities are the unjust differences in health between groups of people occupying different positions in society. Since the Black Report of 1980 there has been considerable effort to understand what causes them, so as to be able to identify actions to reduce them. This paper revisits and updates the proposed theories, evaluates the evidence in light of subsequent epidemiological research, and underlines the political and policy ramifications.     

Strategies of Intervention with Families of Pediatric Leukemia Patients

As part of a longitudinal research study, families of children with leukemia were provided with a psychosocial intervention program over a two-year period. This paper describes the approaches used at specific times during the illness: diagnosis and initial treatment, early outpatient treatment, later outpatient treatment, remission, relapse, and death. the goals of the intervention strategies were to facilitate: an understanding of the realities of the illness; management of emotional distress; and utilization of resources to care for the child, attend to other responsibilities, and support and communicate with one another.     

健康教育对习惯性流产患者社会支持和抑郁的影响

目的:探讨健康教育对于习惯性流产患者社会支持和抑郁的影响.方法:选择2010年6月～ 2011年6月习惯性流产患者140例,随机分为实验组(健康教育组)70例和对照组70例,对照组实施常规护理,而实验组在对照组的基础上进行健康教育的干预,用社会支持量表(SSQ)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表对两组患者在干预前后进行测量,比较评分结果.结果:实验组社会支持总分与对照组相比明显提高,抑郁总分较对照组明显下降.结论:在临床护理中应注重与患者建立良好的护患关系;对患者进行健康教育对习惯性流产患者抑郁的缓解及社会支持水平的提高是有效的.     

Severity of Intimate Partner Abuse Indicators as Perceived by Women in Mexico and the United States

SUMMARY

Objective: Women in Cuernavaca, Mexico and Los Angeles, California were surveyed to examine differences in their perceptions of the severity of domestic violence indicators.

Methods: One hundred twenty women in each country rated the severity of 26 domestic violence indicators which were part of an abuse screen used for an ongoing study of the prevalence of abuse. Rasch analysis was conducted to determine the linear relationship in the perceptions of the severity of each event between the two countries.

Results: The Rasch calibrated logit values show that women in the US rated 24 of the 26 events as more severe than women in Mexico. However, items were ranked in similar order and a clear linear pattern was established. In both countries, being shot with a gun was the most severe event and a partner becoming jealous was the least severe.

Conclusion: The country of origin did not dictate which events were most severe but did influence how severe these events were perceived.     

Unexpected Challenges Faced by Psychotherapy Trainees

Abstract

Clinical supervision of school psychology candidates at the pre-internship level is an essential component of professional training and acculturation of new practitioners into the field. However, limited attention has been paid to issues regarding the clinical supervision of school psychologists at this level. Indeed, there appears to be a dearth of information in the literature addressing the supervision of school psychologists at the pre- and post-graduate levels. While this area remains largely unexamined, clinical supervision of school psychologists is an important component in the development of the profession at all levels. This article discusses supervision in the context of a competency-based model for training school psychology candidates at the pre-internship level.     

A Psychometric Study of the Chinese Version of the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills

This study examined the dependability of the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills—Chinese version (ACIS-C) with psychiatric participants in Taiwan. A convenience sample of 101 participants diagnosed with psychiatric illness were recruited from four day-care wards in northern and eastern Taiwan. The results of the Rasch analysis showed that the ACIS-C items coalesced to form a measure of communication/interaction and the 4-point rating scale functioned as intended. The ACIS-C differentiated participants into six levels of communication and interaction skills. The findings support the conclusion that the ACIS-C is a valid and sensitive tool when used with Chinese clients. Moreover the study supports the generalizability of the Model of Human Occupation concept of communication and interaction skills to an Eastern context.