Influence of history of smoking on the physical capacity of older people

Among the elderly, smoking is related to death and it contributes to disability associated with chronic diseases. This study aims to verify the influence of a history of smoking on the physical capacity of elderly people, and its relationship with the gender. Elderly people beginning to practice physical activity reported questions about their smoking history and underwent a physical evaluation, consisted by hemodynamic data (blood pressure, heart rate and maximum oxygen consumption), body mass index (BMI), muscular strength, flexibility and balance. Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's test was used to data analysis. The sample consisted of 127 subjects, among whom 26.8% were ex-smokers. There were a higher number of nonsmoking women (p < 0.001) than others, and women smoked fewer packets per day (p = 0.047). Among the women, those ex-smokers were younger and more flexible in comparison with those nonsmokers (p < 0.05). Among the men, the ex-smokers were older and walked more slowly than nonsmokers (p < 0.05). There was a correlation between the BMI and duration of smoking time. Smoking cessation benefits the elderly, since the physical variables showed no long-term harm associated with the history of smoking when compared with those of elderly without this habit.     

吸烟后果期望与吸烟行为的关系:内隐社会认知的视角

目的:探讨外显吸烟后果期望、内隐吸烟后果期望与吸烟行为的关系。方法:采用吸烟后果期望问卷、内隐联结测验、计算广度任务和Fagerstrm耐性问卷测量了85名吸烟者。结果:积极外显后果期望与吸烟行为呈正相关(r=0.619,P<0.001),而消极外显后果期望、内隐后果期望与吸烟行为呈负相关(r=-0.442,P<0.001;r=-0.240,P=0.019)。外显后果期望和内隐后果期望与吸烟行为的关系都受到工作记忆容量的调节,但是却表现出截然不同的调节模式:工作记忆容量高的吸烟者的外显后果期望能够预测吸烟行为(外显积极后果期望:β=0.567,t=5.112,P=0.000;外显消极后果期望:β=-0.290,t=-2.184,P=0.032),而工作记忆容量低的吸烟者的内隐后果期望能够预测吸烟行为(β=-0.690,t=-5.688,P=0.000)。结论:吸烟行为受到外显后果期望和内隐后果期望的共同作用。     

The Effects of Smoking and Environmental Temperature on Temporary Threshold Shifts

Smoking and nonsmoking subjects were exposed either to 110- or 30-dB SPL white noise in both hot and cool ambient temperatures. Smokers evidenced less temporary threshold shift (TTS) than nonsmokers when exposed to loud noise. Nonsmokers evidenced greater TTS in the hot testing condition than in the cold condition when exposed to the loud noise. The temperature conditions did not influence the TTS of smokers. Smoking and the cold temperature both increased peripheral vasoconstriction.     

中国中老年人抑郁症状与其吸烟行为关系的队列研究

目的 探索中老年人抑郁症状与吸烟行为的关联，以及社会人口学特征对这种关联的影响。方法 本研究使用CHARLS2011年与2015年的调查数据，选取基线不吸烟的7 722例中老年人作为研究对象。采用10项流调中心抑郁量表（CES - D10）评估抑郁症状，运用logistic 回归模型分析抑郁症状对吸烟行为的影响。结果 随访4年后，有7.17%（554例）的中老年人出现吸烟行为。logistic回归分析显示，有抑郁症状的中老年人出现吸烟行为的风险是无抑郁症状者的1.35倍（OR = 1.35，95%CI:1.09～1.68）。分层分析发现，与无抑郁症状者相比，有抑郁症状的女性（OR = 1.67，95%CI:1.11～2.52）、45～59岁（OR = 1.52，95%CI:1.11～2.09）、居住地在农村者（OR = 1.55, 95%CI:1.17～2.06）吸烟行为风险更高，差异具有统计学意义 (P＜0.05)。结论 中国中老年人的抑郁症状与吸烟行为显著相关，且在女性、45～59岁和居住在农村的人中更为显著。建议未来的研究进一步探索中老年人临床抑郁与吸烟行为的关系研究。     

培美曲塞联合顺铂对吸烟与不吸烟晚期肺腺癌患者的临床疗效观察

目的观察吸烟对肺腺癌患者培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗疗效的影响。方法分析2010年2月-2012年2月徐州医学院附属医院肿瘤科收治的83例经病理学或细胞学确诊的初治ⅢB、Ⅳ期肺腺癌患者。吸烟组33例,不吸烟组50例,初治采用培美曲塞联合顺铂方案（培美曲塞500 mg·m^-2第1天静脉滴注,顺铂30 mg·m^-2第1-3天静脉滴注）化疗,21天为1个周期,每治疗两个周期后评价疗效,直至病情进展。近期疗效评价指标为疾病控制率（DCR）,远期疗效评价指标为疾病进展时间（TTP）和1年生存率,毒副反应评价指标为骨髓抑制毒性、消化道反应等。结果吸烟组与不吸烟组DCR分别为60.6%和76.0%;TTP分别为（5.7±1.6）月和（6.7±1.8）月,1年生存率分别为24.24%和46.0%。两组DCR比较（χ2=2.238,P=0.135）,差异无统计学意义,TTP（t=2.55,P=0.013）及1年生存率（χ2=4.022,P=0.045）的差异有统计学意义。吸烟组与不吸烟组骨髓抑制毒性、消化道反应、口腔炎/咽炎、感染发生率的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论不吸烟晚期肺腺癌患者一线应用培美曲塞治疗较吸烟患者可有更明显的远期获益。