Maxillary sinus pain with radiolucent sinuses due to agenesis of the membranous ostium

Introduction

The absence of opacities on CT scan usually eliminates paranasal sinus disease as a cause of facial pain. The authors report a case, which constitutes an exception to this general rule, corresponding to a new aetiology of sinus pain.

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜手术中巴曲亭控制出血的疗效观察

目的 :观察巴曲亭在鼻内镜手术中控制创面渗血的疗效。方法 :将慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉 6 1例随机分为巴曲亭组 (32例 )和对照组 (2 9例 ) ,巴曲亭组术前 30min静脉滴入巴曲亭 2kU ,术后静注巴曲亭 1kU ,连续给药 2d ,对照组常规处理 ,比较术中出血、渗血量、手术时间和住院天数。结果 :巴曲亭组术中、术后平均出、渗血量明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,手术时间、住院平均天数也少于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,用药过程中未发现任何不良反应。结论 :在鼻内窥镜手术中应用巴曲亭安全、可靠、疗效明显     

鼻中隔偏曲和慢性鼻窦炎的相关性分析

目的：探讨鼻中隔偏曲与慢性鼻窦炎的关系。方法：通过前鼻镜、鼻内窥镜、鼻窦冠状位CT检查，观察鼻中隔偏曲患者鼻腔、鼻窦情况及慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻中隔情况，并作统计分析。结果：53例鼻中隔偏曲患者中，高位偏曲38例，其中16例患鼻窦炎，低位偏曲15例，其中4例患鼻窦炎，96例慢性鼻窦炎中，38例鼻中隔偏曲，其中29例为高位偏曲，9例为低位偏曲。结论：鼻中隔偏曲尤其是高位偏曲与鼻窦炎发病密切相关。     

Rekonstruktion der Stirnhöhle mit einem Calvarian-split-Galea-Periost-Transplantat nach entzündlichen Komplikationen

Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit entzündlichen Komplikationen nach Versorgung der Stirnhöhlenvorderwand mit alloplastischen Implantaten wurden in einer klinischen Untersuchung nach Sanierung des Stirnhöhlenlumens die Vorderwand mit einem Galea-Periost-armierten Calvarian-split-Transplantat (GCS) rekonstruiert und die funktionellen und plastischen Spätergebnisse eruiert. Innerhalb eines Nachbeobachtungszeitraumes von 1–5 Jahren traten keine entzündlichen Rezidive auf. Das Knochenimplantat wurde primär in das Stirnwandniveau reintegriert, sodass in allen Fällen ein ansprechendes kosmetisches Ergebnis erzielt werden konnte. Nach unserer Auffassung ist die Kombination einer stabilen Rekonstruktion der Stirnhöhlenvorderwand durch das beschriebene kombinierte autologe Transplantat mit der operativen Repneumatisierung der Stirnhöhle ausschlaggebend für ein dauerhaft stabiles Behandlungsergebnis bei komplizierten Wundverhältnissen..Auszugsweise vorgetragen auf der 2. Gemeinsamen Jahrestagung der Nordwestdeutschen Vereinigung der HNO-Ärzte und der Nordostdeutschen Gesellschaft für Otorhinolaryngologie und zervikofaziale Chirurgie vom 01.–03. Mai 1998 in Bremen.     

Sinugene endokranielle Komplikation ohne initiale klassische neurologische Symptomatik

Zusammenfassung Bei einem 14-jährigen Jungen entwickelte sich aus einer Pansinusitis ein ausgedehnter leptomeningealer Infekt. Die zu erwartenden neurologischen Symptome, wie starke Kopfschmerzen, massives Erbrechen, Somnolenz und Meningismus traten nicht oder erst sehr spät auf. Schließlich kam es zu einer Halbseitensymptomatik, und es traten epileptische Anfälle auf. Der trotz der geringen Symptome ausgedehnte Befund wurde kombiniert neurochirurgisch und von endonasal operativ saniert, und es wurde eine antibiotische Therapie durchgeführt. Es kam zu einer raschen Restitutio ad integrum.     

Atypical sinusitis in adults must lead to looking for cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia

HYPOTHESES/OBJECTIVES:: In adults, purulent pansinusitis or nasal polyposis starting early in life or that is permanently infected or associated either with chronic bronchial infection, infertility, or situs inversus are uncommon. In these atypical cases of chronic sinusitis (ACS), a primary dysfunction of the mucociliary clearance can be suspected. Adult patients with ACS were therefore investigated to detect primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) or cystic fibrosis (CF). STUDY DESIGN: Open, prospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with ACS were investigated with ciliary beat frequency and ultrastructure analysis in nasal cells and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutation analysis in blood leukocytes. RESULTS: The diagnosis of PCD was confirmed in seven (17%) patients. At least one CFTR gene mutation was detected in 16 (38%) patients. The diagnosis of CF was suggested in three (7%) compound heterozygous patients. Another 13 (31%) patients were heterozygous for a CFTR gene mutation or a complex allele. Comparison of clinical features of ACS showed that only a family history of chronic sinusitis (P <.01) or chronic bronchitis (P <.02) and the presence of diffuse bronchiectasis (P <.0001) or serous otitis media (P <.0001) were significantly more frequent in PCD patients than in patients carrying CFTR gene mutations or those without PCD or CFTR gene mutations. CONCLUSIONS: ACS should be considered a remarkable entity in which congenital abnormalities of epithelial cells are frequently detected (55% of patients). The higher frequency of mutations in ACS patients compared with the general population suggests that heterozygoty for CFTR gene mutation could be a sinusitis-causing status.     

Diagnosis and pathology of unilateral maxillary sinus opacification with or without evidence of contralateral disease

OBJECTIVE: Determine the diagnostic criteria and etiology of complete unilateral maxillary sinus opacification. METHODS: A prospective analysis was performed on patients presenting to a tertiary care rhinology practice with complaints of chronic rhinosinusitis or acute exacerbation. Sixty-four consecutive patients were identified with unilateral maxillary sinus opacification on computed tomography (CT) scan after at least a 3-week medical therapy for rhinosinusitis. The study population comprised 30 men and 34 women with a mean age of 47.0 years. All patients completed a symptom score questionnaire, received nasal endoscopy, and CT imaging. Patient symptoms and endoscopic and radiographic findings were analyzed to determine patterns related to final diagnosis. RESULTS: All 64 patients underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Each surgical specimen was sent for pathologic confirmation of the diagnosis. Sixteen mucoceles, 12 cases of nasal polyposis, 27 cases of acute or chronic sinusitis, 7 cases of inverting papilloma, and 2 cases of mycetoma were identified. Endoscopic and radiographic appearances were correlated with each disease process. CONCLUSION: Unilateral maxillary sinus opacification is a relatively common finding. Early identification of inverting papillomas and mucoceles may avoid delay in surgical intervention, whereas acute/chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis can initially be managed medically. Careful history, endoscopic examination, and radiographic studies can often determine the responsible disease process.     

Upper respiratory tract infections

Acute respiratory infections accounts for 20–40% of outpatient and 12–35% of inpatient attendance in a general hospital. Upper respiratory tract infections including nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and otitis media constitute 87.5% of the total episodes of respiratory infections. The vast majority of acute upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses. Common cold is caused by viruses in most circumstances and does not require antimicrobial agent unless it is complicated by acute otitis media with effusion, tonsillitis, sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infection. Sinusitis is commonly associated with common cold. Most instances of rhinosinusitis are viral and therefore, resolve spontaneously without antimicrobial therapy. The most common bacterial agents causing sinusitis areS. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis,S. aureus andS. pyogenes. Amoxycillin is antibacterial of choice. The alternative drugs are cefaclor or cephalexin. The latter becomes first line if sinusitis is recurrent or chronic. Acute pharyngitis is commonly caused by viruses and does not need antibiotics. About 15% of the episodes may be due to Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GABS). Early initiation of antibiotics in pharyngitis due to GABS can prevent complications such as acute rheumatic fever. The drug of choice is penicillin for 10–14 days. The alternative medications include oral cephalosporins (cefaclor, cephalexin), amoxicillin or macrolides.     

功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术对不同型期鼻窦炎鼻粘液纤毛清除率的影响

目的：探讨功能性鼻窦内窥镜手术（ＦＥＳＳ）对不同型期鼻窦炎患者鼻粘液纤毛清除率的影响。方法：将１０５例（１９３侧）鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者进行分型分期和ＦＥＳＳ后疗效评定;用糖精法测定术前和术后３、６个月的鼻 粘液纤毛输送率（ＭＴＲ）。结果：①从Ⅰ￣Ⅲ型疗效呈递减趋势,Ⅱ型Ⅱ、Ⅲ期和Ⅲ型的疗效较差。②术前Ⅰ型Ⅰ、Ⅱ期ＭＴＲ和Ⅱ型Ⅰ期间无显著性差异,而与Ⅱ型Ⅱ、Ⅲ期和Ⅲ型间有显著性差异。③术后３个月的ＭＴ     

鼻源性视功能损害的诊断和鼻内窥镜手术治疗

目的　探讨鼻窦炎性疾病合并视功能损害的诊断和鼻内窥镜手术治疗的疗效。方法　分析 32例 (32眼 )鼻源性视功能损害的临床表现和鼻内窥镜手术治疗效果。结果　 11眼治愈 ,2 0眼获不同程度改善 ,1眼无效 ,随访 6个月～ 3年无复发。结论　鼻窦炎性疾病可以引起视功能损害 ,及早诊断以及鼻内窥镜手术配合药物治疗可望获得良好效果。