Effect of long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide on lung glycoproteins level

Summary The influence of nitrogen dioxide on glycoprotein level in lung tissue of guinea pigs was studied after 180 days (8 h per day) of exposure at a concentration of 2 mg/m³.A long-term exposure induced a decrease of protein-hound hexosamines and an increase of sialic acid level in lungs.     

活性碳纤维对NO2气体动态吸附研究

为探讨粘胶基活性碳纤维（ＡＣＦ）对ＮＯ２气体的动态吸附，考察了ＮＯ２浓度、流速、湿度、温度及ＡＣＦ再生次数对吸附效率的影响。结果表明：ＮＯ２在低浓度下，ＡＣＦ能长时间高效工作；流速增加，穿透时间缩短，但穿透吸附量变化不明显；湿度增加，穿透时间缩短，穿透吸附量降低；温度升高、ＡＣＦ再生次数增加，穿透时间缩短，穿透吸附量及饱和吸附量均降低。证明ＡＣＦ对ＮＯ２的吸附以物理吸附为主，但存在一定程度的化学吸     

SiO2刺激矽肺肺泡巨噬细胞对MMP-9和TIMP-1表达的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of SiO2 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1)in human silicofic alveolar macrophages (AM).Methods Human alveolar macrophages were collected from a silicotic patient by bronchoalveolar lavage and exposed to silicon dioxide for 3h,6h,12h,18h,24h and 36h.The expression of the MMP-9 in the AM were detected with zymography and immunological method and the expression of the TIMP-1 in the AM with immunological method.Results The expressions of MMP-9 in the AM increased clearly along with the time,reached peak at 24 h when detected with zymography (average optical density:3.061±0.153 vs 2.851±0.164,P＜0.05);and reached peak at 18h when detected with immunological method (average optical density:0.386±0.037 vs 0.322±0.034,P＜0.05).The expression of the TIMP-1 in the AM did not vary when detected with immunological method (P＞0.05).Conclusion SiO2 may affect the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-9 activity in the cultured AM.     

The contracting and relaxing responses of human internal mammary artery grafts harvested by two different methods

Perioperative spasm of internal mammary artery is a common experience in coronary artery bypass grafting. Many techniques were described of harvesting the internal mammary artery to prevent vasospasm. We investigated the comparison of the contracting and relaxing responses of human internal mammary artery grafts harvested by two different methods. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the harvesting technique. In the first and second groups arteries were harvested by classical and carbon dioxide insufflation techniques, respectively. In both groups, endothelial function of arteries was assessed by precontracting the rings with phenylephrine (10(-5)M) and dilatating them by cumulative acetylcholine (10(-8) to 10(-5)M) concentrations. Cumulative concentration-response curves for phenylephrine (10(-8) to 10(-4)M), noradrenaline (10(-9) to 10(-4)M), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (10(-9) to 10(-4)M) were obtained in all groups. Endothelial integrity of arteries were histopathologically evaluated. In both groups, acetylcholine caused concentration-dependent relaxations in rings precontracted with phenylephrine (10(-5)M). In arteries harvested by carbon dioxide insufflation technique, acetylcholine caused significantly higher relaxations compared to the rings obtained by classical technique (p<0.05). In all rings of study groups, phenylephrine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine caused concentration-dependent contractions. There was not any significant difference in concentration-dependent responses of these contracting pharmacological agents between the groups. Histopathological evaluation revealed no major arterial damage in both groups. Carbon dioxide insufflation technique does seem not only to protect the integrity of the endothelium and the whole vessel, but also prevent the possible vasospasm of the internal mammary artery segments.     

N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸对二氧化硅致大鼠肺成纤维细胞基质金属蛋白酶表达升高的抑制

目的 探讨N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸（NAC）对染矽尘大鼠肺成纤维细胞（LFb）基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）MMP-2、MMP-9动态表达的影响.方法 将75只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和干预组.每组25只,模型组和干预组经气管注入SiO2粉尘悬液复制矽尘中毒模型,干预组在注入SiO2粉尘悬液前用NAC预处理;对照组给予同体积生理盐水.注射后1、3、7、14和28d分别获取LFb,用免疫细胞化学方法和逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法观察MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白及mRNA的动态变化.结果 （1）模型组LFb各时间点MMP-2蛋白表达高于对照组,分别是对照组的1.343、2.198、3.492、2.834和1.405倍,mRNA表达分别是对照组的2.015、4.889、7.364、3.406和2.277倍,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;在1、3、7 d MMP-9蛋白表达分别是对照组的1.372、1.286和1.306倍,在1、3 dmRNA分别是对照组的1.797和1.698倍,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.（2）干预组在各时间点MMP-2蛋白表达低于模型组,在3、7、14、28 d高于对照组（分别是对照组的1.628、2.485、2.072和1.190倍）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;在各时间点mRNA表达低于模型组,高于对照组（分别是对照组的1.612、3.062、3.930、1.976和1.419倍）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.在1、3、7 d MMP-9蛋白表达低于模型组,在3、7d高于对照组,在1、3 d mRMA表达低于模型组,高于对照组,分别是对照组的1.304和1.331倍,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 NAC能抑制SiO2所致大鼠LFb的MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白及mRNA表达的升高.     

瓷厂与锡矿及钨矿石英粉尘表面铝硅酸盐包裹的测定和分析

目的 探讨石英粉尘表面铝硅酸盐包裹的测定方法和包裹对粉尘致病作用的影响.方法 应用呼吸性粉尘采样器以2 L/min采集江西钨矿、瓷厂和广西锡矿粉尘,用扫描电镜-能散X线分光计（SEM-EDS）以5 keV和20 keV电压照射测定呼吸性粉尘颗粒中各元素成分的含量,计算不同电子伏特照射下粉尘颗粒中硅与铝的比值.结果 7个瓷厂、3个锡矿和3个钨矿的47个粉尘样本共计3 982个粉尘颗粒,瓷厂样本的89%（24/27）与锡矿样本的27%（3/11）和钨矿样本的56%（5/9）存在明确的铝硅酸盐包裹,与对照样本比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.瓷厂粉尘颗粒的45%、锡矿的18%和钨矿的13%存在表面铝硅酸盐包裹.瓷厂粉尘与钨矿和锡矿粉尘表面铝硅酸盐含量的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,高铝硅酸盐含量的粉尘颗粒在瓷厂、锡矿和钨矿样本中的比率分别为22%、7%和10%.结论 瓷厂工作场所粉尘颗粒表面夹杂铝硅酸盐含量高于钨矿和锡矿的粉尘,粉尘颗粒表面成分的分析对解释不同厂矿尘肺发病的差异有一定作用.     

二氧化氯消毒饮用水中毒副产物污染的初步研究

目的了解二氧化氯在饮用水消毒中毒副产物的污染状况，并探讨其产生原因及控制对策。方法选择宁波市城镇4家自来水厂，其中两家水厂为电解法二氧化氯发生器，两家为化学合成法二氧化氯发生器，主要原料：两家化学合成法水厂为氯酸钠，另两家电解法水厂为食盐。检测方法均采用离子色谱法测定这4家水厂出厂水、管网水中ClO2^-、ClO3^-、BrO3^-残留含量。结果各出厂水、管网水中ClO2^-、ClO3^-、BrO3^-的浓度：化学合成法厂家检测结果为，ClO2^-0．030-0．246mg／L，而ClO3^-、BrO3^-浓度均〈O．010mg／L；食盐电解法厂家检测结果ClO2^-、ClO3^-、BrO3^-浓度均〈0．010mg／L。结论食盐电解法生产厂家自来水厂出厂水中二氧化氯消毒产生的毒副产物均符合国标，而用氯酸钠化学法配制的厂家出厂水中二氧化氯消毒产生的毒副产物亚氯酸盐含量均有不同程度存在，且亚氯酸盐的残留量会随着出厂水中余氯浓度的增高而增加。     

二氧化氯消毒液的致畸性和亚急性毒性研究

目的研究二氧化氯消毒液的致畸性和亚急性毒性。方法设0.1、0.3和1.0g/kg体重三剂量组,进行致畸研究;设0.04、0.2和1.0g/kg体重三个剂量组,进行亚急性毒性试验,观察二氧化氯消毒液对妊娠大鼠的致畸胎性和对大鼠的蓄积毒性作用。结果三个剂量组各项指标均未见有明显的母体毒性和胚胎毒性、致畸性和亚急性毒性。结论在本实验条件下,二氧化氯消毒液无致畸性和亚急性毒性。     

二氧化硫气体对小鼠肺组织细胞周期的影响

目的:检测小鼠吸入二氧化硫(SO2)慢性中毒后肺组织细胞周期的变化.方法:以昆明种小鼠作为实验对象,设计SO2 3个剂量组和1个阴性对照组,通过动式吸入染毒,于染毒6个月后,采用流式细胞仪检测肺组织的细胞周期.结果:各剂量组细胞周期中G0/G1(%)随染毒剂量的增加而减少,且各组间G0/G1(%)有显著性差异(P＜0.05),其中高剂量组与阴性对照组比较,有显著性差异(P＜0.01);各剂量组S(%)随染毒剂量的增加而增高,各剂量组S%有显著性差异(P＜0.01),其中高、中剂量组与阴性对照组比较,均有显著性差异(P＜0.01);G2/M(%)随染毒剂量的增加而增高,且各组间G2/M(%)有显著性差异,其中高剂量组与阴性对照组比较,有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:小鼠吸入SO2慢性中毒后,在细胞周期中,G0/G1期细胞所占百分数随染毒剂量的增加而减少,而S期与G2/M期细胞所占百分数增高,提示小鼠肺组织细胞处于较高的增殖状态.     

微型空气净化器的创新技术

近年来．随着新技术的大量涌入人类赖以生存的环境变得越来越恶化．尤其是“室内空气的污染”已成为危害人们健康的最重要的因素。综合调查研究结果显示，主要污染物分为3类；①可吸入颗粒；②微生物；③有害挥发气体。2年前我们研制出纳米光催化空气消毒器，已在各大医院推广应用，收到良好的效果．但仍有一定的缺陷。目前我们利用纳米级二氧化钛的强氧化作用．制作出具有光催化降解和吸附一体化功能的微型空气净化器．能在极短的时间内清除空气的污染，是办公室、病房、车内等小环境最有效、携带方便的空气净化器。该产品特点：①材料技术创新：采用新载体装载和单分子层稀土元素装饰纳米级二氧化钛；②结构技术创新：采用紫外LED作为紫外光源，将光波长由360纳米提升到400纳米，使机器体积缩小，寿命延长；③机器外观创新：微型带来创作的人性化。