Foaming of PCL-Based Composites Using scCO2—Biocompatibility and Evaluation for Biomedical Applications

The process of foaming poly(caprolactone)-based composite materials using supercritical carbon dioxide was analyzed, especially in terms of the biocompatibility of the resultant materials. The influence of foaming process conditions and composite material properties on the functional properties of polymer solid foams, intended for artificial scaffolds for bone cell culture, was investigated. The relationship between wettability (contact angle) and water absorption rate as a result of the application of variable conditions for the production of porous structures was presented. For the evaluation of potential cytotoxicity, the MTT and PrestoBlue tests were carried out, and animal cells (mouse fibroblasts) were cultured on the materials for nine days. There was no toxic effect of composite materials made of poly(caprolactone) containing porogen particles: hydroxyapatite, crystalline nanocellulose, and graphene oxide on cells. The desired effect of the porogens used in the foaming process on the affinity of cells to the resultant material was demonstrated. The tested materials have been shown to be biocompatible and suitable for applications in biomedical engineering.     

二氧化氯与水中硫氰酸根反应的动力学研究

目的研究二氧化氯(ClO2)与硫氰酸根(SCN-)反应的动力学规律。方法采用紫外分光光度法检测ClO2、SCN-浓度随时间的变化,根据初始速率法确定反应级数及速率方程,求出速率常数、活化能和半衰期等动力学参数。结果ClO2氧化SCN-的反应对于ClO2和SCN-均为零级反应,总反应级数也为零级。293.15K温度下,零级反应速率常数为3.65×10-6mol/(L·s),活化能为2.5kJ/mol。结论ClO2与SCN-的反应活化能很小,反应较快,在一般条件下即可发生,反应后SCN-剩余量甚微,为工业含SCN-废水处理提供了一种新的方法。     

Buccal micronucleus cytome assay in primary school children: A descriptive analysis of the MAPEC_LIFE multicenter cohort study

Background

Recent data support the hypothesis that genetic damage occurring early in life during childhood can play an important role in the development of chronic diseases in adulthood, including cancer.

苏州市肺癌发病死亡与二氧化氮的关系研究*

目的探索大气二氧化氮(NO_2)对苏州市居民肺癌发病、死亡影响的程度和特点,确定滞后时间,评估健康效应。方法收集2006—2014年苏州市居民肺癌发病、死亡资料,大气污染物和气象数据,采用时间序列的广义相加模型,在控制长期趋势、星期几效应和气象因素的影响后,定量分析单污染物模型和双污染物模型中,大气NO_2对肺癌发病死亡人数的影响。结果单污染物模型中,滞后3天的NO_2(lag3)对肺癌日发病数的效应有统计学意义(P=0.03)。随着NO_2浓度每升高10μg/m~3,肺癌全人群和女性人群日发病数分别增加1.001%(95%CI:0.075,1.926)和2.541%(95%CI:0.744,4.338)。双污染物模型结果显示,NO_2对肺癌发病影响需要和PM2.5相互作用才发挥效应,不受SO_2和PM10的影响。结论苏州市肺癌,特别是女性肺癌发病人数随着大气NO_2浓度的增加而呈上升趋势;其影响存在滞后性,需要PM2.5的联合作用才能发挥效应。     

Successful treatment of linezolid-induced severe lactic acidosis with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration: A case report

Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic. Linezolid-associated lactic acidosis has been reported in 6.8% of linezolid-treated patients. Lactic acidosis is associated with poor clinical outcomes, with high blood lactate levels resulting in organ dysfunction and mortality. This case report describes the development of lactic acidosis in a 64-year-old Chinese woman who had received 33 days of treatment with antituberculosis drugs and 28 days of treatment with oral linezolid for tuberculous meningitis. Severe lactic acidosis was reversed by withdrawing antituberculosis drugs and using continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVH). When the patient's condition was stable, she was transferred to the infectious disease department, and antituberculosis drugs, with the exception of linezolid, were reintroduced. This did not result in recurrence of lactic acidosis. The causal relationship between lactic acidosis and linezolid was categorized as ‘probable’ on the Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale. This case demonstrates that CVVH has potential as an alternative to discontinuation of linezolid alone for rapid reversal of linezolid-associated severe lactic acidosis.     

慢性肺心病二氧化碳潴留与低氯血症相关性分析

目的 :探讨慢性肺心病二氧化碳潴留与低氯血症的相关关系。方法 :同步检测 5 3例慢性肺心病急性发作期患者动脉血气和电解质。以PaCO2 ≥ 7.3kPa为界 ,分为CO2 潴留组和非CO2 潴留组 ,两组指标统计学处理 ,分析血氯与PaCO2 的相关性。结果 :CO2 潴留组发生低氯血症 74 1% (2 0 / 2 7) ,非CO2 潴留组低氯血症 4 2 3% (11/ 2 6 ) ,两组血氯、PaCO2 、HCO-3 比较有统计学差异 ,且血Cl-与PaCO2 呈显著负相关 (r=- 0 4 0 5 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论 :肺心病急性加重期的电解质紊乱常表现为低氯血症 ,并与PaCO2 呈显著负相关。治疗中及时补氯 ,不仅可纠正低氯血症 ,而且可以加速HCO-3 /Cl-交换 ,有助于CO2 排出。     

国内麻醉科医师应用二氧化碳吸收剂的现状调查

目的 调查国内麻醉科医师应用二氧化碳（CO₂）吸收剂的现状,为统一CO₂吸收剂更换的指标、限值和流程提供参考。
方法 采用自主设计调查问卷开展网络问卷调查,主要内容包括麻醉科医师的基本情况、对CO₂吸收剂应用理论的理解和CO₂吸收剂临床应用的现状。
结果 本次调查发放并回收有效问卷475份,其中49.9%来自华南地区,其他地区的麻醉科医师占50.1%。在对CO₂吸收剂应用理论的理解方面,被调查者最常使用的CO₂吸收剂种类为钠石灰,6.3%的被调查者尚不清楚所在机构使用的CO₂吸收剂种类;13.5%的被调查者能选出全部影响CO₂吸收剂吸收效率的理论因素;分别有79.8%、66.7%和44.8%的被调查者认为CO₂吸收剂“缺乏统一的更换标准和流程”、“环境污染”和“更换操作复杂”应得到关注。在CO₂吸收剂临床应用的现状方面,更换频率与麻醉科医师所在医院的等级显著相关（P<0.05）;更换标准主要依赖FiCO₂和CO₂吸收剂变色量;96.4%的被调查者选择整罐更换,仍有23.8%的被调查者错误地在手术室内更换CO₂吸收剂,有粉尘吸入经历的被调查者高达73.7%。
结论 目前国内麻醉科医师对CO₂吸收剂的应用理论和安全性认识不足,对CO₂吸收剂的更换缺乏统一标准、更换流程欠规范,建议对各级麻醉科医师开展针对性专题培训,并应进一步探索安全高效的CO₂吸收剂更换标准化流程。     

阴道碘氧治疗细菌性阴道病疗效观察

目的探讨阴道碘氧消毒法加阴道后穹隆置甲硝唑治疗细菌性阴道病的价值与安全性。方法将符合细菌性阴道病诊断标准的100例病人,分为观察组和对照组两组。观察组给予阴道碘氧消毒法加阴道后穹隆置甲硝唑;对照组给予甲硝唑口服加阴道后穹隆置甲硝唑。两组均于用药1疗程后,及停药后2周、3个月复诊,判断疗效及复发情况。结果观察组总有效率为98.1%,对照组为95.8%,两组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);停药2周和3个月的复发率观察组为9.6%与23.1%。对照组为29.2%与37.5%,两组相比,差异均非常显著(P<0.01)。结论阴道碘氧消毒法加阴道后穹隆置甲硝唑治疗细菌性阴道病疗效可靠,复发率低,且安全。     

呼气末二氧化碳分压监测在新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征机械通气中的应用

目的：探讨呼气末二氧化碳分压（PETCO2）监测在新生儿呼吸窘迫征（NRDS）机械通气中的应用价值。方法：以30例行机械通气的NRDS患儿为观察对象,监测持续主流PETCO2,同时作122例次动脉血气分析,分析PETCO2与动脉二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）的关系。结果：PETCO2与PaCO2的平均值分别为（31.7±5.3）mmHg、（37.6±4.5）mmHg,呈正相关（P〈0.01）;随着氧合指数（OI）值的升高,PaCO2与PETCO2的r值逐渐变小,OI值〉25时,两者之间无相关性;机械通气治疗后12-72 h PaCO2与PETCO2均呈显著正相关关系（P〈0.01）,两者差值不断降低。30例中,存活27例,病死3例。结论：在对NRDS患儿进行机械通气时,无创性主流式PETCO2监测在OI值〈25或患儿病情好转时与PaCO2具有较好的相关性,具有临床应用价值。     

掺杂MgCr_2O_4-TiO_2系湿敏陶瓷的研究

在MgCr_2O_4-TiO_2系湿敏陶瓷的基体中掺入V_2O_3杂质,改进了系统的电性能。通过大量实验,确定最佳工艺条件:1200℃还原气氛中烧结1h,采用RuO_2电极浆料,在70Hz、1V的交流电下测试湿度电阻特性;确定最佳组成为MgO:Cr_2O_3:TiO_2:V_2O_3=80:80:20:2(摩尔比)。研制的MgCr_2O_4-TiO_2系湿敏陶瓷具有阻值范围适中(10~3～10~7Ω)、响应快(小于10s)、滞后效应小(<±1%)和灵敏度高等优点。用SEM、XRD、EPMA等手段分析了典型的MgCr_2O_4-TiO_2湿敏陶瓷的显微结构、晶相和成分分布。用XPS、EPR和IR论证了该材料的导电机理。用NMR和IR初步探讨了半导体湿敏陶瓷的湿敏机理。