瓜蒌皮提取物对PDGF-BB所致血管平滑肌细胞增殖周期的影响

目的 研究瓜蒌皮提取物对血小板源生长因子BB所致血管平滑肌细胞增殖周期的影响并探讨其可能机制.方法 组织块贴块法培养SD大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞,3H-TdR掺入观察瓜蒌皮提取物(10、20和30mg/L)对血小板源生长因子BB(20 μg/L)所致血管平滑肌细胞DNA合成的影响;流式细胞仪分析细胞增殖周期;real time RT-PCR检测血管平滑肌细胞中c-fos、c-myc mRNA表达.结果 血小板源生长因子BB可明显升高细胞每分钟脉冲数(P＜0.01),并增加S期细胞比例而降低G0/G1期细胞比例(P＜0.01),并上调c-fos、c-myc mRNA表达(P＜0.01).瓜蒌皮提取物各浓度组均明显抑制血小板源生长因子BB诱导的每分钟脉冲数升高(P＜0.01),降低S期细胞比例而升高G0/G1期细胞比例,明显下调血小板源生长因子BB所致的c-fos、c-myc mRNA高表达(P＜0.01).结论 瓜蒌皮提取物通过阻止血管平滑肌细胞由G0/G1期进入S期而抑制血小板源生长因子BB所致的增殖,其作用机制可能与降低细胞内c-fos、c-myc mRNA高表达有关.     

心-踝血管指数与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度在动脉硬化疾病评价中的价值

目的比较心-踝血管指数与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度对不同动脉硬化疾病严重程度的判断价值。方法在849例同时行心-踝血管指数和颈动脉内膜中膜厚度测定的门诊和住院患者中,筛选出年龄55～70岁之间的351例作为最终研究对象。按临床动脉硬化疾病的有无与程度分为三个层面:A层:无动脉硬化危险因素组;B层:包括高血压、糖尿病、心绞痛和高脂血症组;C层:经造影证实存在冠状动脉狭窄和已有临床心脑动脉硬化终末事件如心肌梗死和脑梗死组。从不同层面比较心-踝血管指数和内膜中膜厚度与动脉硬化性疾病严重程度的相关性。849例中,未做年龄范围限制时,共有糖尿病患者112例,对其病程与心-踝血管指数和内膜中膜厚度的相关性作比较分析。结果除单纯高脂血症组之外,心-踝血管指数测定值在A、B、C三个不同层面能够表现出显著的差异,呈现出"阶梯效应";而内膜中膜厚度测定值相对于心-踝血管指数在三个不同层面表现出的差别明显减弱,甚至糖尿病组的测定值远远高于已有明确动脉硬化终末事件组如心肌梗死和脑梗死。在已有明确糖尿病病程的患者中,心-踝血管指数与糖尿病病程呈显著正相关(r=0.499,P<0.001),而内膜中膜厚度与病程的相关性(r=0.195,P<0.038)明显弱于心-踝血管指数。结论心-踝血管指数和内膜中膜厚度与大动脉硬化性疾病均有不同程度的相关性,而心-踝血管指数在评价整体而非局部的动脉硬化程度上相对于内膜中膜厚度具有一定的优势,其与动脉硬化的严重程度具有更大的吻合性,而内膜中膜厚度则更多地偏重于对局部动脉壁硬化的判断。     

Time well spent: The duration of foster care and early adult labor market,educational, and health outcomes

Individuals who spent time in foster care as children fare on average worse than non-placed peers in early adult life. Recent research on the effect of foster care placement on early adult life outcomes provides mixed evidence. Some studies suggest negative effects of foster care placement on early adult outcomes, others find null effects. This study shows that differences in the average duration of foster care stays explain parts of these discordant findings and then test how foster care duration shapes later life outcomes using administrative data on 7220 children. The children experienced different average durations of foster care because of differences in exposure to a reform. Later born cohorts spent on average 3 months longer in foster care than earlier born cohorts. Isolating exogenous variation in duration of foster care, the study finds positive effects of increased duration of foster care on income and labor market participation.     

Is duration of illness really influencing outcome in major psychoses?

Abstract

Background: An increasing number of studies identifies the duration of illness (DI) as an important predictor of outcome in patients affected by major psychoses (MP). The aim of the present paper was to revise medical literature about DI and its effects on MP, focusing in particular on the relationship between DI and outcome with particular reference to treatment response, suicidal risk, cognitive impairment and social functioning. Methods: A search in the main database sources has been performed to obtain a comprehensive overview. Studies with different methodologies (open and double-blinded) have been included, while papers considering other variables such as duration of untreated episode/illness were excluded. MP included the diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Results: Available data show that DI influences treatment response, suicidal risk and loss of social functioning in schizophrenic patients, while results are more controversial with regard to cognitive impairment. In bipolar disorder, a long DI has been associated with less treatment response, more suicidal risk and cognitive impairment, but more data are needed to draw definitive conclusions. Finally, studies, regarding DI of illness and its predictive value of outcome in major depressive disorder show contradictory results. Conclusions: DI appears a negative outcome factor particularly for schizophrenia, while with regard to mood disorders, more data are needed to draw definitive sound conclusions.     

D6S1043、D12S391基因座与主动攻击行为的关联研究

目的 探讨主动攻击行为与D6S1043、D12S391基因座等位基因或基因型的关联情况.方法 采用PCR结合毛细管电泳的方法对江苏地区103例男性主动攻击行为者(研究组)和159例健康男性(对照组)的外周静脉血样进行D6S1043、D12S391基因座的基因型分析,观察两组在D6S1043、D12S391基因座的等位基因及基因型分布差异,以推测与主动攻击行为相关的易感因素和(或)抗性因素.结果 D6S1043、D12S391基因座均符合遗传平衡定律(Hardy-Weinberg定律)(P＞0.05);在两个群体中D6S1043基因座的基因型12-19的频率分布差异有统计学意义(P =0.000 4,OR=7.511,95％CI:2.084 ～ 27.066),但等位基因频率分布无差异(P ＞0.05/n);在D12S391基因座上未发现分布存在显著差异的等位基因及基因型(P ＞0.05/n).结论 D6S1043基因座的基因型12-19可能为主动攻击行为的易感因素.     

PentaD、PentaE基因座基因频率在军人主、被动攻击行为群体分布的比较

目的通过比较PentaD、PentaE基因座等位基因及基因型频率在军人主、被动攻击行为群体中的分布,来推测与主、被动攻击行为发生相关的遗传因素。方法采用PCR结合毛细管电泳的方法对华东地区273例男性军人主动攻击行为者与163例男性军人被动攻击行为者进行PentaD、PentaE基因座的基因型分析,观察两组在PentaD、PentaE基因座的等位基因及基因型分布差异。结果PentaD、PentaE基因座均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;PentaE基因座基因型频率在主、被动军人攻击行为群体分布差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;单因素分析显示两组在PentaE基因座的基因型16-18的频率分布差异有统计学意义（P=0．0001）;PentaE基因座等位基因频率及PentaD基因座等位基因频率和基因型频率在两个群体中分布差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论PentaE基因座可能与攻击行为的发生有关;在人攻击行为群体中PentaE基因座的基因型16-18为被动攻击行为的易感因素。     

Genetic polymorphisms of 20 STR loci in a Chaoshan group from Jieyang,China

We obtained allelic frequencies and forensic parameters of 20 short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D3S1358, FGA, D5S818, D7S820, CSF1PO, D16S539, D19S433, vWA, D8S1179, D18S51, D13S317, TPOX, TH01, D2S1338, D12S391, D1S1656, D21S11, D6S1043, Penta D, Penta E) from 529 unrelated individuals in Jieyang Han population using PowerPlex® 21 (Promega, Madison, Wi, USA). The relationship between the Jieyang Han group and other Han populations was studied and the results showed that the Jieyang Han population had the closest genetic relationship with the Fujian Han population.     

La relevancia del tiempo en la epilepsia parcial continua

IntroductionTiming is one of the most important modifiable prognostic factors in the management of status epilepticus. Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is a status epilepticus subtype of highly variable, occasionally prolonged, duration. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between EPC duration and outcomes.MethodsWe performed an observational prospective study of all patients with EPC admitted to our tertiary hospital between 1 September 2017 and 1 September 2018.ResultsThe sample included 10 patients, of whom 9 were women; median age was 74 years. The most frequent aetiology was cerebrovascular disease (n = 6). EPC onset occurred outside the hospital in 5 patients, with a median time to hospital admission of 4 hours. The median time to treatment onset for all patients was 12.3 hours. The median time from treatment onset to EPC control was 30 hours; time from treatment onset to EPC control showed a strong positive correlation with TT (Spearman's rho = 0.88). Six patients presented hyperglycaemia at onset; this was positively correlated with time from treatment onset to EPC control (rho = 0.71). All 6 patients with hyperglycaemia presented a brain injury explaining the EPC episode.ConclusionsDelays were observed in different phases of EPC management, which was related to longer duration of the episode. Glycaemia was also related to episode duration, probably acting as a triggering factor rather than as the aetiology.     

A quantitative analysis of the effect of cycle length on arrhythmogenicity in hypokalaemic Langendorff-perfused murine hearts

The clinically established proarrhythmic effect of bradycardia and antiarrhythmic effect of lidocaine (10 μM) were reproduced in hypokalaemic (3.0 mM K⁺) Langendorff-perfused murine hearts paced over a range (80–180 ms) of baseline cycle lengths (BCLs). Action potential durations (at 90% repolarization, APD₉₀s), transmural conduction times and ventricular effective refractory periods (VERPs) were then determined from monophasic action potential records obtained during a programmed electrical stimulation procedure in which extrasystolic stimuli were interposed following regular stimuli at successively decreasing coupling intervals. A novel graphical analysis of epicardial and endocardial, local and transmural relationships between APD₉₀, corrected for transmural conduction time where appropriate, and VERP yielded predictions in precise agreement with the arrhythmogenic findings obtained over the entire range of BCLs studied. Thus, in normokalaemic (5.2 mM K⁺) hearts a statistical analysis confirmed that all four relationships were described by straight lines of gradients not significantly (P > 0.05) different from unity that passed through the origin and thus subtended constant critical angles, θ with the abscissa (45.8° ± 0.9°, 46.6° ± 0.5°, 47.6° ± 0.5° and 44.9° ± 0.8°, respectively). Hypokalaemia shifted all points to the left of these reference lines, significantly (P < 0.05) increasing θ at BCLs of 80–120 ms where arrhythmic activity was not observed (∼63°, ∼54°, ∼55° and ∼58°, respectively) and further significantly (P < 0.05) increasing θ at BCLs of 140–180 ms where arrhythmic activity was observed (∼68°, ∼60°, ∼61° and ∼65°, respectively). In contrast, the antiarrhythmic effect of lidocaine treatment was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.05) disruption of this linear relationship and decreases in θ in both normokalaemic (∼40°, ∼33°, ∼39° and ∼41°, respectively) and hypokalaemic (∼40°, ∼44°, ∼50° and ∼48°, respectively) hearts. This extended a previous approach that had correlated alterations in transmural repolarization gradients with arrhythmogenicity in murine models of the congenital long QT syndrome type 3 and hypokalaemia at a single BCL. Thus, the analysis in terms of APD₉₀ and VERP provided a more sensitive indication of the effect of lidocaine than one only considering transmural repolarization gradients and may be particularly applicable in physiological and pharmacological situations in which these parameters diverge.     

The effect of orientation on prehension movement time

We explored the relationship between hand orientation and movement time. Three groups of participants (n = 8 per group) were asked to grasp an object rotated in one of the following planes: (1) coronal; (2) sagittal; (3) horizontal. In the coronal plane, the rotational requirements directly mapped onto the neuromuscular demands associated with a single joint-level degree of freedom movement. A simple lawful relationship was found between the extent of rotation (pronation or supination) and duration. Reach-to-grasp movements to objects rotated in the sagittal and horizontal plane produced different movement patterns. These patterns increased the muscle level degrees of freedom recruited (higher neuromuscular demands) and movement duration increased correspondingly though not in a simple manner. The results of the present study show unambiguously that object orientation influences the duration of reach-to-grasp movements.