Cancer after Kidney Transplantation in the United States

Previous reports of cancer after kidney transplantation have been limited by small numbers of patients in single-center studies and incomplete ascertainment of cases in large registries. We examined rates of malignancies among first-time recipients of deceased or living donor kidney transplantations in 1995-2001 (n = 35 765) using Medicare billing claims. For most common tumors, e.g. colon, lung, prostate, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, ovary and breast, cancer rates were roughly twofold higher after kidney transplantation compared with the general population. Melanoma, leukemia, hepatobiliary tumors, cervical and vulvovaginal tumors were each approximately fivefold more common. Testicular and bladder cancers were increased approximately threefold, while kidney cancer was approximately 15-fold more common. Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and nonmelanoma skin cancers were more than 20-fold increased than in the general population. Compared with patients on the waiting list, several tumors were more common after transplantation (p < 0.01): nonmelanoma skin cancers (2.6-fold), melanoma (2.2-fold), Kaposi's sarcoma (9.0-fold), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (3.3-fold), cancer of the mouth (2.2-fold), and cancer of the kidney (39% higher). The rates for most malignancies are higher after kidney transplantation compared with the general population. Cancer should continue to be a major focus of prevention in kidney transplantation.     

广东省静脉吸毒人员共用针具影响因素的Logistic回归分析

目的探讨广东省静脉吸毒人员共用针具的影响因素,以及针具交换项目对预防吸毒人员共用针具的效果。方法采用社区干预研究的方法,选择各方面因素比较类似的两个镇,一个作为干预社区,一个为对照社区。干预区采用针具交换干预措施,对照区不采取任何干预措施,为期10个月。于干预前后分别采用滚雪球的方式抽取注射吸毒者进行断面调查,以评估共用针具的影响因素。影响因素的确定采用Logistic单因素分析,对有显著意义的变量进行多因素Logistic逐步回归分析。结果干预前后分别调查了428和429名静脉吸毒者。干预后干预组和对照组最近30天内共用针具率分别为20.4%和35.3%,差异有显著性（χ^2=11.83,P=0.001）。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示：知晓艾滋病知识（OR=0.62,95%CI：0.45～0.85）、20～30岁年龄组（OR=1.41,95%CI：1.04～1.91）、使用多种毒品（OR=2.21,95%CI：1.53～3.19）、注射吸毒的年限（OR=2.38,95%CI：1.43～3.99）、重复使用注射器（OR=2.94,95%CI：2.06～4.19）、一次买4支针以上（OR=0.53,95%CI：0.33～0.86）、买针不方便（OR=2.08,95%CI：1.38～3.12）及是否看过艾滋病宣传折页或宣传画（OR=0.59,95%CI：0.42～0.83）,是影响吸毒者共用针具的主要原因。结论针具交换项目有效地降低了静脉吸毒人员共用针具率,知晓艾滋病知识、针具交换项目的宣传及针具的可及性,是针具共用的预防因素;而青年人群、使用多种毒品及注射吸毒时间较长等,是共用针具的危险因素。因此今后的针具交换项目应该针对这些危险因素才能达到控制艾滋病在静脉吸毒人群中的传播。     

面向服务的移动数字医院共享平台设计与应用

介绍移动数字医院共享平台建设思路和架构设计,阐述其功能,包括医疗文档共享、无线呼叫通信、实时跟踪、健康咨询、预约诊疗等,实践表明其应用可以有效提高医疗质量。     

北京市医院电子病历存在的问题及对策

调研了北京市各级医院电子病历的使用现状,并针对当前各级医院电子病历使用过程中存在的问题进行了多方位的分析,提出了北京市电子病历共享平台建设的可行性措施,以推动各级医院的医疗信息共享。     

大型医院与社区信息互动的管理

目的探讨如何加强大型医院与社区信息互动的管理,更好实现区域卫生信息化建设。方法针对福建省目前卫生信息化建设现状,通过人才培养、加强卫生信息标准化和居民健康信息系统建设、医院加大病案管理力度等方法,实现区域卫生信息化。结果只有加强大型医院与社区信息互动管理,才能实现区域卫生信息的共享。结论做到多个医疗卫生信息系统的无缝衔接,实现大型医院与社区医疗卫生体系的互补、双赢,对医疗体制改革有重要意义。     

利用信息技术实现医学影像档案的信息共享

医学影像档案是由X线、CT、磁共振、超声、核医学等诸多检查所形成的影像资料。随着先进医疗设备仪器的应用,辅助检查项目越来越多,医学影像的数据量越来越大,人们迫切需要各种时效性强、具有高价值的影像档案实现信息共享。传统的影像存储和管理方法已远远不能满足需求,利用信息技术实现医学影像档案的信息共享已成为卫生行业亟待解决的问题。     

The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) 2022 Expert Consensus Document: The use of mechanical circulatory support in lung transplantation

ObjectiveThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation.MethodsThe AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement.ResultsThe expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively.ConclusionsAchieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation.