2008年南宁市吸毒人群艾滋病知识及HIV抗体调查

目的了解目前南宁市吸毒人群艾滋病相关行为及病毒的感染情况,评价各项干预措施提供有效的依据,方法戒毒所内吸毒人员采取整群抽样的方法,社区吸毒人员采用滚雪球方式。问卷采取匿名的方式。采集静脉血3～5ml。结果共调查402名吸毒者被调查对象对于艾滋病通过输血和共针具传播知识知晓率较高,均为92.78%,总体知识知晓率为82.77%。被调查对象最近1个月（或入所前1个月）注射过毒品的占85.57%,最近1次注射时与他人共用过注射器的占7.43%。最近1个月（或入所前1个月）,注射毒品时与他人共用过针具的占12.20%。48.75%被调查对象最近1个月（或入所前1个月）有过性行为,最近1年与配偶或同居、商业性伴、临时性伴发生行为时安全套使用率分别为13.68%、32.69%和19.59%。HIV阳性率为20.40%,梅毒抗体阳性率为5.22%。结论南宁市吸毒人群HIV感染率高,但维持在稳定水平,高危行为依然存在,需要继续加强各项干预措施的实施。     

Potential yield of imminent death kidney donation

About 99 000 people are waiting for a kidney in the United States, and many will die waiting. The concept of “imminent death” donation, a type of living donation, has been gaining attention among physicians, patients, and ethicists. We estimated the number of potential imminent death kidney donors at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics by assessing the number of annual deaths in individuals with normal kidney function. Based on a previous survey suggesting that one‐third of patients might be willing to donate at imminent death, we estimate that between 76 and 396 people in the state of Wisconsin would be medically eligible and willing to donate each year at the time of imminent death. We extrapolated these numbers to all transplant centers in the United States, estimating that between 5925 and 31 097 people might be eligible and willing to donate each year. Our results suggest that allowing donation at imminent death and including discussions about organ donation in end‐of‐life planning could substantially reduce the nation's kidney waiting list while providing many more donors the opportunity to give this gift.     

Waitlist mortality in patients with autoimmune liver diseases

Introduction and ObjectivesAutoimmune liver diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis are the primary indication for ～24% of total liver transplants. The liver transplant allocation system is currently based upon the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and it often underestimates the severity of autoimmune liver diseases. We aim to compare the rate of adverse waitlist removal among patients with all autoimmune liver diseases and other indications for liver transplant in the Model for End-Stage Liver -Na era.Materials and MethodsUsing the United Network for Organ Sharing database, we identified all patients listed for liver transplant from 2016 to 2019. The outcome of interest was waitlist survival defined as the composite outcome of death or removal for clinical deterioration. Competing risk analysis was used to evaluate the waitlist survival.ResultsPatients with autoimmune hepatitis had a higher risk of being removed from the waitlist for death or clinical deterioration (SHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.08–1.72; P<0.007), followed by primary biliary cholangitis (SHR 1.34, 95% CI 1.07–1.68; P<0.011).ConclusionsHigh waitlist death or removal for clinical deterioration was observed in patients with PBC and AIH when compared to other etiologies. It may be useful to reassess the process of awarding MELD exception points to mitigate such disparity.     

我国蚊虫种质资源现状及其共享利用

本文综述我国于1828-2002年描述的蚊种纪录,包括冯(1938)、孟(1955)、陆(1977)和瞿(2002)的纪录。根据Reinert(2001)的系统分类系列,截至2006年,中国的蚊种纪录包括21属,52亚属,395种(或)亚种。文章回顾了国内外学者描述的中国蚊虫新种、名表,引用了《中国蚊虫检索表》手册、以及“中国动物志”。还讨论了资源材料的质量控制和资源共享等问题。     

Five years of needle syringe exchange in Manipur, India: programme and contextual issues

This paper reviews the performance of the syringe exchange programmes (SEPs) in Manipur, northeast India, with the objective of identifying good practice, and areas that require improvement. The paper also examines contextual and structural factors in Manipur that inhibit optimal functioning of SEPs and hinder behaviour change, and argues that these factors need to be addressed as part of any endeavour aimed at improving services and programme coverage in the future.     

大型仪器设备网上预约共享平台建设探索

针对目前各大高校大型仪器共享管理存在的问题,根据“专管公用,预约共享”理念,探索构建由共享设备信息查询、仪器在线预约、用户管理、仪器使用计费等基本功能模块组成的大型仪器共享平台网上预约管理系统。该系统能够弥补传统仪器预约管理的不足,提高大型仪器使用效率,促进大型仪器开放和共享。     

Perspectives on donor lung allocation from both sides of the Atlantic: The United States

Donor lung allocation in the United States focuses on decreasing waitlist mortality and improving recipient outcomes. The implementation of allocation policy to match deceased donor lungs to waitlisted patients occurs through a unique partnership between government and private organizations, namely the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network under the Department of Health and Human Services and the United Network for Organ Sharing. In 2005, the donor lung allocation algorithm shifted toward the prioritization of medical urgency of waitlisted patients instead of time accrued on the waitlist. This led to the Lung Allocation Score, which weighs over a dozen clinical variables to predict a 1-year estimate of survival benefit, and is used to prioritize waitlisted patients. In 2017, the use of local allocation boundaries was eliminated in favor of a 250 nautical mile radius from the donor hospital as the first unit of distance used in allocation. The next upcoming iteration of donor allocation policy is expected to use a continuous distribution algorithm where all geographic boundaries are eliminated. There are additional opportunities to improve donor lung allocation, such as for patients with high antibody titers with access to a limited number of donors.