Schilddrüsenhormone bei Frauen mit Leberzirrhose

Summary Basal thyroid hormone levels were measured in 68 women with liver cirrhosis (LC) of different etiology (alcoholicn=34, posthepatitic Bn=9, PBCn=5, cryptogeneticn=18, M. Wilsonn=2). In addition the rise of TSH after 400 µg TRH was measured in 23 women with LC and compared with the data obtained from 17 women of a control group. There was no difference of the median T4-concentrations (LC 8.0 µg/dl versus 7.2 µg/dl) but a significant correlation of T4 to the grade of decompensation of LC. In contrast of T4 there was a marked decrease of T3 in LC-patients (109 ng/dl versus 143 ng/dl) and a rise of reverse T3 (0.21 ng/ml versus 0.13 ng/ml). The decrease of T3 and rise of reverse T3 equally correlated to the severeness of LC. TBG concentrations fell according to the grade of decompensation of LC and T4/TBG-quotient exhibited no difference to the control data (0.51 both). Though basal thyroid hormones and TSH show euthyroidism the significant augmented TSH release after TRH (-TSH 7.0 versus 3.2 µU/ml) indicate a status of latent hypothyroidism. In alcoholic cirrhosis the degree of TSH release was much higher than in non alcoholic cirrhosis. Estradiol and estrone levels correlated significantly negatively to T4, T3, estrone negatively to TBG and positively to reverse T3 but not to TSH and TSH release. Otherwise TSH release correlated positively to estradiol. The thyroid status in women with liver cirrhosis does not differ from the thyroid hormone profile found in men with cirrhosis.

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Abkürzungen K Kontrollen - LZ Leberzirrhose - n Anzahl - PBC primär biliäre Zirrhose - RT3 reverse T3 (35-Trijodthyronin) - T3 Trijodthyronin - T4 Thyroxin - TBG thyroxinbindendes Globulin - TRH Thyreotropin - TSH Thyreotropin-Releasing-Hormon     

Carcinogenicity of diethylnitrosamine in newborn,infant, and adult mice

Summary Modifying effects of age, sex, and mouse strain on diethylnitrosamine (DEN) carcinogenesis have been investigated in C57BL/6Jx C3HeB/FeJ F₁ (B6C3F₁) and C3HeB/FeJxA/J F₁ (C3AF₁) hybrid mice. Animals each received four IP injections of 1.5 or 3.0 g DEN/g body weight. The first injections were administered on days 1, 15, or 42 of life. Subsequent treatments were delivered at 3-, 6-, and 6-day intervals, respectively. Mice were kept under observation for the remaining life-span. DEN treatment induced tumors in liver, lungs, and forestomach in descending order of frequency. The majority of the induced liver tumors were hepatocellular carcinomas. Animals treated as newborns and infants developed significantly more liver tumors than animals that were treated as young adults. Newborn and infant females developed liver tumors at a later age (B6C3F₁) and with a lower incidence (C3AF₁) than similarly treated males. The B6C3F₁ mice developed more hepatocellular carcinomas and a higher rate of pulmonary metastases than the C3AF₁ mice. In contrast, C3AF₁ mice developed lung tumors with a higher incidence and multiplicity than B6C3F₁ hybrids. Forestomach tumors were observed also with a slightly but significantly higher incidence in C3AF₁ mice.Dedicated to Professor Hermann Druckrey on the occasion of his 80th birthdayThese investigations have been supported in part by Contracts NIH-NCI-69-2087 and NO1-CO-43317 from the National Cancer Institute     

男性性激素水平与冠心病的关系

目的探讨男性性激素水平与冠心病发病的关系.方法以115例接受选择性冠脉造影检查的男性患者为研究对象,根据冠脉造影结果分为2组,冠心病组75例,平均年龄(56.93±10.05)岁,非冠心病对照组40例,平均年龄(53.47±10.36)岁;对所有研究对象采用放免法测定其性激素5项,并应用SPSS软件分析两组之间性激素水平的差异.结果冠心病组患者血清睾酮、脱氢表雄酮和硫酸脱氢表雄酮水平[分别为(20.02±8.40) nmol/L、(21.51±14.05) nmol/L和(5.35±1.32) μmol/L]均低于对照组[分别为(29.84±11.35) nmol/L、(54.55±25.02) nmol/L和(6.47±2.45) μmol/L],且差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);以冠心病发病与否为因变量作Logistic回归分析时,睾酮进入回归模型(B=-0.027,P<0.05).结论血清雄激素水平降低与男性冠心病发病相关;男性雄激素可能是其特有的内源性抗动脉粥样硬化因素;低睾酮血症可能是男性冠心病的独立危险因素之一.     

绝经后妇女冠心病患者性激素水平与同型半胱氨酸水平的相关性及其对血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨绝经后女性冠心病(CHD)患者内源性性激素水平与血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平之间的关系以及对血管内皮功能的影响.方法测定44例正常绝经1年以上经冠状动脉造影检查证实为CHD的女性患者[Ⅰ组,平均年龄(62.21±0.85)岁]、36例正常绝经1年以上经冠状动脉造影检查排除CHD的女性患者[Ⅱ组,平均年龄(64.01±0.76)岁]和41例无CHD的健康育龄妇女[Ⅲ组,平均年龄(39.83±0.62)岁]的血清雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)和孕酮(P)以及Hcy 水平,应用B型超声观察静息和反应性充血时肱动脉内径并计算各自的内皮依赖性血管舒张率(FMD%)和非内皮依赖性血管舒张率(NTG%).结果 3组患者的血清E2和P水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅰ组的E2(57.65±5.93) pmol/L和P水平(5.78±0.21) nmol/L均低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组的E2(92.63±6.71) pmol/L和P(6.64±1.01) nmol/L均低于Ⅲ组的E2(168.80±11.10) pmol/L和P(8.87±1.34) nmol/L(均P<0.01);Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的Hcy水平均高于Ⅲ组(均P<0.05),以Ⅰ组增高更显著(P<0.01);Ⅰ组的FMD%和NTG%水平低于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(均P<0.05),且Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组的FMD%差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);多元逐步回归分析显示,包括E2在内的3项指标与Hcy水平独立相关;包括E2在内的5项指标又与FMD%独立相关.结论绝经后女性CHD患者E2水平低于非CHD患者,女性高同型半胱氨酸血症是内皮功能障碍的危险因素之一,绝经后女性性激素水平下降可能引起血管内皮功能紊乱.     

伴有性染色体丢失的t(8;21)急性髓系白血病实验室检测资料分析

目的 探讨12例伴有性染色体丢失的t（8；21）急性髓系白血病患者的临床和生物学特征。方法 结合临床、形态学，采用RHG显带、一组单抗、逆转录-聚合酶链反应等方法对其染色体、免疫分型和分子生物学等进行分析。结果 本组病例大多有下述形态学改变：白血病细胞有核凹陷、近核浅染区、胞浆嗜碱性、伴有成熟分化和核浆发育不平衡等；有CD13、CD33表达抗原；经逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测均检出AML1-ETO融合基因转录本。结论 性染色体丢失是t（8；21）急性髓系白血病最常见的附加异常，主要和急性粒细胞白血病有关，具有独特的形态学、免疫学和临床特征。     

Behavioral consequences of hormonal deprivation on the responsiveness of female rats to estradiol

Female rats which had been ovariectomized either 7 days earlier (short-term deprivation, N = 11) or 35 days earlier (long-term deprivation, N = 11) were tested for their response to treatments of estradiol benzoate (6.0 micrograms/kg body weight) and progesterone (1.2 mg/kg). The long-term deprived females showed less sexual behavior than females deprived for only 7 days prior to treatment. In particular, lordosis quotients after treatment with estradiol alone were significantly lower in the long-term deprived females, t(20) = 3.194, p less than 0.01. Following a supplemental progesterone injection, the lordosis scores and the number of proceptive behaviors displayed by long-term deprived females were also significantly lower than these measures in short-term deprived females, t(20) = 3.481, p less than 0.01 and t(20) = 3.737, p less than 0.01, respectively. In contrast, the two groups did not differ in the degree to which estradiol treatment suppressed food intake, F(1,20) = 2.306, N.S. Likewise, the changes in water intake and body weight produced by estradiol treatment did not differ significantly between the two groups, F(1,20) = 0.118, N.S. and F(1,20) = 0.452, N.S., respectively. The results obtained from the sex behavior tests are generally consistent with the notion that hormonal deprivation alters the responsivity or sensitivity of female rats to estradiol. However, these changes do not appear to involve a general decline in receptor sensitivity or number, because the ability of estradiol to suppress ingestive behaviors was not diminished in the long-term deprived females.     

Yolk testosterone and corticosterone in hierarchical follicles and laid eggs of Japanese quail exposed to long-term restraint stress

Environmental and behavioural stimuli experienced by egg-laying female birds contribute to intra- and inter-female differences in hormones in the egg yolk with consequences for offspring development. The understanding of physiological mechanisms underlying yolk hormone deposition can aid progress in this field. In our study, we measured the concentration of testosterone and corticosterone in hierarchical follicles and egg yolks of Japanese quail in control and chronic stress conditions. Experimental females were reared under hypodynamia, a model situation for restraint stress, from day 3 to 63 days of age. For yolk hormone analysis, four largest follicles of ovarian hierarchy (F1-F4), eggs present in the oviduct and eggs laid on the day before were collected. In chronically stressed birds, yolk testosterone concentrations decreased from F2 onwards, while yolk corticosterone content was increased from the beginning to the end of egg formation. The follicular profile of hormones suggested testosterone transfer into the yolk directly from granulosa and theca cells, with the highest accumulation during a period 48-72 h before laying the egg. Yolk corticosterone was accumulated from maternal plasma preferentially in early stages of follicular development under control conditions and also in last stages of egg formation under stress conditions. These specific patterns of hormone deposition indicate periods when stimuli experienced by female can substantially modify hormonal content of eggs. Lower testosterone and increased corticosterone yolk concentrations in stressed quail may represent signals mediating information about adverse environmental conditions from the mother to progeny.     

Never too late: A commentary on “Impact of age, sex and exercise on brachial and popliteal artery remodelling in humans”

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an enzyme critical for the stability of extracellular matrix and also known to have diverse biological functions. Little is known, however, about the role of LOX in regulating inflammation. Here we demonstrate that LOX suppresses secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, enhancement of LOX activity reduces MCP-1 in a mouse model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), thereby preventing macrophage infiltration and AAA progression. These findings suggest that LOX has a novel function in resolving inflammation by reducing MCP-1 in AAA.     

男性冠心病患者性激素与脂质代谢相关性探讨

目的 了解男性冠心病患者性激素与脂质代谢变化的相关性。方法 测定42例男性冠心病组（Ⅰ）与30例对照组（Ⅱ）的血清雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P）、睾酮（T）及血脂谱。结果 Ⅰ组E2比Ⅱ组E2水平和E2／T比值明显升高，差异有高度显著意义（P〈0．05），而P、T在Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组之间相比无明显差异（P〉0.05）。Ⅰ组的TC、TG、LDL-C、LP（a）均明显高于Ⅱ组（P均〈0．001）。线性相关分析表明E2与LP（a）水平无相关性。结论 男性冠心病患者性激素E2水平升高可能与脂质代谢异常、冠心病发病率增高有关。