贯彻实施《母婴保健法》 促进山区妇幼卫生工作的发展

《中华人民共和国母婴保健法》（下称《母婴保健法》）的颁布实施,标志着我国妇幼卫生工作纳入了法制化管理的轨道。我县依法开展了各项妇幼卫生工作,进一步推动了山区县妇幼卫生工作的发展。１　加强领导　广泛宣传自１９９６年６月１日实施《母婴保健法》以来,我县在县政府和县卫生局领导下,通过多种形式和多种渠道广泛宣传,使《母婴保健法》家喻户晓,深入人心,提高了全社会贯彻实施《母婴保健法》的积极性和自觉性,为依法开展妇幼卫生工作打下了良好的思想基础。２　强化妇幼保健服务功能２１　根据《母婴保健法》关于婚前医学…     

儿童疾病单病种质量管理体系的研究

在总结分析武汉地区儿童疾病结构用度春诊疗规律的基础上,运用现代医院全面质量管理的理论,建立了以儿科常见病、多发 为主,兼纳部分专科疾病的２４个儿童疾病单病种质量控制标准及规范的组织管理和考核评价第统。形成以增强病种质量控制能力为核心的儿童疾病单病种质量管理体系。该管理体系运用后,医院医疗质量管理水平和社会、经济效益得到了同步提高,并了医务人员的医疗行为,使医院步入优质、低砂和高效的运营轨道。     

Orbital infarction and melting in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE: To present a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed infarction and melting of the orbit secondary to her systemic disease. DESIGN: A case report. PARTICIPANT: A 61-year-old white woman with a 5-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS: The patient presented with left orbital pain, limitation of extraocular movements, and a fistula from the ethmoid sinus to the upper eyelid. A detailed examination with computerized tomography, ultrasound, and a comprehensive medical evaluation with laboratory testing was performed. Histopathologic analysis with special stains of the orbital tissues was also performed. RESULTS: Histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimens revealed the features of an inflammatory process involving the orbit, similar to a panniculitis. These include a lymphocytic reaction with a predominance of plasma cells, vasculitis with occlusion, and thickening of the vessel walls, necrosis, and hyalinization of fat. CONCLUSION: This is a unique case in which infarction and melting of the entire orbital structures occurred in the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus. The underlying disease process is a lupus-related panniculitis. The authors stress that this is a very rare entity and that other diseases should be ruled out before entertaining this diagnosis.     

Retrograde intubation dacryocystorhinostomy for proximal and midcanalicular obstruction

Objective

Retrograde intubation of canaliculi during dacryocystorhinostomy can restore canalicular patency in cases otherwise managed with bypass tubes. The surgical technique and success for this procedure are discussed.

Differential diagnosis of anterior segment cysts by ultrasound biomicroscopy

BACKGROUND: To describe the ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) features of anterior segment cysts. DESIGN: A retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eighteen eyes with anterior segment cysts examined by UBM at The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary between August 1992 and November 1997 were included in this study. INTERVENTION: The authors reviewed demographic and diagnostic data from the medical record including ocular and medical history, age, race, gender, and intraocular pressure. Ultrasound data concerning the type, number, position, and acoustic characteristics of cysts were recorded. The authors then correlated the written, clinical, and UBM characteristics. RESULTS: One hundred eyes (92.6%) had neuroepithelial cysts. Ninety (83.3%) of these had primary neuroepithelial cysts, 10 (9.3%) had cysts associated with uveitis, 7 (6.5%) had implantation cysts, and 1 (0.9%) had a cavitated ciliary body tumor. Neuroepithelial cysts typically were round or ovoid, thin-walled, and echolucent. Of the 90 eyes with primary neuroepithelial cysts, 56 (62.2%) had 3 or fewer cysts; multiple cysts (>3 per eye) were found in 34 eyes (37.8%). The multiple cysts occupied more than 180 degrees in 12 patients (13.3%). Primary neuroepithelial cysts were located at the iridociliary junction (74.2%), pars plicata (14.0%), pars plana (6.8%), and iris (5.0%). Implantation cysts (seven eyes) tended to have thicker walls and two contained a copious, echogenic material. CONCLUSION: The UBM results provide important information regarding location and extent of anterior segment cystic lesions. Ultrasound characteristics may help differentiate between neuroepithelial, implantation, and neoplastic cysts.     

Neutropenia, fever, and infection

With the advances in the management of various neoplastic diseases and subsequent improvement in "disease-free" states, complications of therapy--particularly, infectious complications--have evolved as stumbling blocks to survival. Among neutropenic (absolute neutrophil count below 1,000/mm3) patients with cancer, infection is the major autopsy-determined cause of death. With expected "cure rates" of childhood leukemia approaching 60 to 70 percent, it seems unreasonable to lose such patients to an infectious cause of death, yet this, indeed, happens. The purpose of this review is to (1) define the magnitude of the problem; (2) describe the various agents responsible for infections in neutropenic patients; (3) attempt to more sharply define degrees of neutropenia and mechanical defenses; and (4) consider various approaches to studying and treating these infections.     

38所综合医院病种质量管理调查分析

搜集整理吉林省 38所二、三级综合医院为期一年的 31个病种3.4万份病例的信息资料,对其治疗转归、平均住院日和平均住院费用进行了统计分析,为制定病种质量控制标准和深入广泛开展病种质量管理提供了可靠依据。     

从药品的特殊属性谈医药企业的服务营销

目的 :探讨我国医药企业在市场竞争日益激烈的现状下的服务营销策略选择。方法 :分析处方药品和非处方药品的服务特性 ,并介绍药品市场营销的新观念———服务营销的发展及应用。结果与结论 :医药企业的服务营销应针对处方药品走服务的差异化、有形化、规范化道路 ;针对非处方药品走服务的标准化、技巧化、品牌化道路。     

农村地区常规免疫接种率报告数据质量研究

目的评价农村地区常规免疫接种率报告数据质量。方法采用按容量比例概率抽样法,于2004年11~12月对伊通、建德、宿松、扶风4个县10月份常规免疫接种报告数据质量,按报告、统计、调查接种率3个层面进行研究。结果总的趋势是上报接种率高于统计接种率,统计接种率高于调查接种率。应种人数以调查为高,实种人数以报告为高。调查应种人数比报告应种人数多15.97%,调查实种人数比报告实种人数低15.54%。报告与统计应种人数符合率为55.83%,实种人数符合率为63.18%。报告与调查应种人数符合率为51.21%,实种人数符合率为61.89%。报表统计人员测试结果与上报报表统计正确性无关(χ2=1.54,P>0.05),村级人员制作报表的准确性明显比乡级低(χ2=7.79,P<0.01);报表数据质量乡级高于村级(χ2=8.64,P<0.01)。结论农村地区常规免疫接种率报告数据质量有待提高,其措施是提高报表统计人员责任心,统一由乡级统计报表,改善培训及督导方法。     

外来儿童免疫接种率及影响因素调查

[目的 ]　了解上海市闸北区外来儿童免疫状况。　 [方法 ]　 2 0 0 1年 6月在上海市闸北区开展外来儿童接种率及影响因素调查 ,共调查 8个街道 ,3 72名儿童。　 [结果 ]　建卡率 78.8% ,建证率 83 .9% ,1岁以上儿童四苗接种率66.4% ,乙肝疫苗接种率 62 .9%。影响儿童接种的主要因素有 :所在街道的地理位置、父亲的文化程度、儿童在调查地的居住时间、家长的免疫预防知晓情况等。　 [结论 ]　加大宣传力度 ,建立各部门协作的外来儿童管理体系是提高接种率的关键