Clinical features and treatment outcomes of dedifferentiated and grade 3 chondrosarcoma: A multi‐institutional study

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor. In this multicenter study, we sought to evaluate the disease‐specific survival (DSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS), and prognostic factors in patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) or grade 3 chondrosarcoma (G3CS) in Japan. We retrospectively investigated the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in 62 patients with DDCS and 19 patients with G3CS at 15 institutions participating in the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group. We also clarified significant clinicopathological factors for oncological outcomes. In surgery for primary lesions aimed at cure, a histologically negative margin (R0) was obtained in 93% (14/15) of patients with G3CS and 100% (49/49) of patients with DDCS. The 5‐year DSS was 18.5% in patients with DDCS and 41.7% in patients with G3CS (p = 0.13). Local control was obtained in 80% (12/15) and 79.6% (39/49) of patients with G3CS and DDCS in the primary lesion after surgery with a wide surgical margin, respectively. In multivariate analysis, stage and no treatment/palliative treatment for the primary lesion were independent prognostic factors for DSS of DDCS, and age and no treatment/palliative treatment for DSS of G3CS. The 5‐year DFS rate was 22.8% in 26 patients with DDCS who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, and 21.4% in 14 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. The prognosis of DDCS remains poor, although R0 resection was carried out in most cases. Effective and/or intensive chemotherapeutic regimens or agents should be considered or developed for patients with high‐grade chondrosarcoma, particularly for those with DDCS.     

Mental disorders into adulthood among adolescents placed in residential care: A prospective 10-year follow-up study

BackgroundChild welfare and juvenile justice placed youths show high levels of psychosocial burden and high rates of mental disorders. It remains unclear how mental disorders develop into adulthood in these populations. The aim was to present the rates of mental disorders in adolescence and adulthood in child welfare and juvenile justice samples and to examine their mental health trajectories from adolescence into adulthood.MethodsSeventy adolescents in shared residential care, placed by child welfare (n = 52, mean age = 15 years) or juvenile justice (n = 18, mean age = 17 years) authorities, were followed up into adulthood (child welfare: mean age = 25 years; juvenile justice: mean age = 27 years). Mental disorders were assessed based on the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision diagnoses at baseline and at follow-up. Epidemiological information on mental disorders was presented for each group. Bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling for the relationship of mental disorders were performed.ResultsIn the total sample, prevalence rates of 73% and 86% for any mental disorder were found in adolescence (child welfare: 70%; juvenile justice: 83%) and adulthood (child welfare: 83%; juvenile justice: 94%) respectively. General psychopathology was found to be stable from adolescence into adulthood in both samples.ConclusionsOur findings showed high prevalence rates and a high stability of general psychopathology into adulthood among child welfare and juvenile justice adolescents in Swiss residential care. Therefore, continuity of mental health care and well-prepared transitions into adulthood for such individuals is highly warranted.     

芪蛭胶囊对大鼠脂质代谢紊乱的预干扰作用

目的观察芪蛭胶囊对实验性高脂血症大鼠模型生化指标、血液流变学指标的影响以证实其疗效,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法用高脂乳剂灌胃法建立高脂血症大鼠模型,并设立空白组,模型组,阳性药组,芪蛭胶囊大、中、小剂量组,观察各组生化指标、血液流变学指标的变化。结果芪蛭胶囊能降低大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C、APOB的含量(P<0.01,P<0.05),升高HDL-C、APOAI的含量(P<0.01,P<0.05),降低全血比粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原含量(P<0.01,P<0.05),升高大鼠血清SOD(P<0.01),降低血清MDA(P<0.05);对血清ALT、BUN、Cr无明显影响。大剂量组效果优于中、小剂量组。结论芪蛭胶囊对灌服高脂乳剂引起的大鼠脂质代谢紊乱有一定的预防和调节作用,有改善血液流变学和抗脂质过氧化反应的作用。     

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Artificial Seawater Splitting over Amorphous Carbon Nitride: Optimization and Process Parameters Study via Response Surface Modeling

Photocatalytic water splitting has garnered tremendous attention for its capability to produce clean and renewable H₂ fuel from inexhaustible solar energy. Until now, most research has focused on scarce pure water as the source of H₂, which is not consistent with the concept of sustainable energy. Hence, the importance of photocatalytic splitting of abundant seawater in alleviating the issue of pure water shortages. However, seawater contains a wide variety of ionic components which have unknown effects on photocatalytic H₂ production. This work investigates photocatalytic seawater splitting conditions using environmentally friendly amorphous carbon nitride (ACN) as the photocatalyst. The individual effects of catalyst loading (X₁), sacrificial reagent concentration (X₂), salinity (X₃), and their interactive effects were studied via the Box–Behnken design in response surface modeling towards the H₂ evolution reaction (HER) from photocatalytic artificial seawater splitting. A second-order polynomial regression model is predicted from experimental data where the variance analysis of the regressions shows that the linear term (X₁, X₂), the two-way interaction term X₁X₂, and all the quadratic terms (X₁₂, X₂₂, X₂₃) pose significant effects towards the response of the HER rate. Numerical optimization suggests that the highest HER rate is 7.16 µmol/h, achievable by dosing 2.55 g/L of ACN in 45.06 g sea salt/L aqueous solution containing 17.46 vol% of triethanolamine. Based on the outcome of our findings, an apparent effect of salt ions on the adsorption behavior of the photocatalyst in seawater splitting with a sacrificial reagent has been postulated.     

Proviewer一次性使用软组织阻隔装置在颅内手术操作有效性及安全性的随机对照临床研究

目的评价Proviewer一次性使用软组织阻隔装置在颅内手术操作过程中的有效性和安全性,为推广应用提供科学依据。方法采用前瞻性随机对照的临床研究方法,以应用Proviewer一次性使用软组织阻隔装置为试验组,以传统脑压板手术为对照,比较两组手术间临床疗效及手术安全性的差异。结果从2011年06月至2011年12月,共有19例患者纳入全分析集(FAS),其中试验组10例,对照组9例。因为年龄违反入选标准而排除2例,故符合方案集(PPS)共有17例,其中试验组9例,对照组8例。纳入安全性分析集的19例,其中试验组10例,对照组9例。以临床效果综合计分作为主要疗效指标。试验组和对照组比较,在FAS和PPS的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组优于对照组。进一步对视野观察计分和主述性观察计分指标进行比较,表现出相同的结果,即在FAS和PPS的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组优于对照组。以不良事件作为安全性评价指标。试验组共出现1人(10.00%),对照组共出现1人(11.11%)。两组不良事件发生率差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有不良事件均与治疗器械无关,且在病人出院前消除。结论Proviewer一次性使用软组织阻隔装置与传统脑压板相比,在颅内手术操作过程中能为手术者提供更好的观察视野、便利的手术操作,减少术中出血量;且未产生与医疗器械有关的不良反应,有较高的临床应用价值,值得临床推广使用。     

美国FDA关于抗菌药物临床前研究的考虑

本文介绍了美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)对抗菌药物临床前研究的相关考虑,以期对国内新抗菌药物临床前研究和临床研究提供参考.     

芫花宫颈栓的制备研究

本实验对芫花的提取工艺、剂型进行了研究,将芫花提取物制成宫颈栓,改变了给药途径,解决了经羊膜注射给药给患者带来的痛苦,局部用药血药浓度大,引产时间缩短,制备工艺简单,成本低,易于推广。     

辽宁阜新农村地区蒙汉两族高血压发病率及其预测因素的比较

目的比较分析阜新农村地区蒙汉两族高血压发病率及其预测因素。方法前瞻性人群随访研究。结果随访期间24.6%的汉族和34.5%的蒙族人群发展为临床高血压,但是高血压的控制率非常低(汉族1.34%,蒙族1.54%)。蒙族人群高血压年发病率为14.16/100人年[95%CI:(13.52～14.82)/100人年],汉族人群高血压年发病率为10.74/100人年[95%CI:(10.45～11.03)/100人年](P<0.05)。与汉族相比,蒙古族发展为高血压的危险比(HR)为1.131(95%CI:1.068～1.198)。女性、基线年龄、高血压前期、超重和肥胖及高血压家族史与蒙汉两族高血压发病均相关,然而饮酒只和蒙族高血压发病相关(HR:1.128;95%CI:1.045～1.219)。与有高血压家族史的汉族人群(增加12%)相比,有高血压家族史的蒙族人群发展为高血压的风险大幅提高(增加60%)。结论蒙族人群高血压发病率高于汉族人群;饮酒和高血压家族史可能是导致差异的主要原因。     

胃食管反流病与喉癌关系的Meta分析

目的 用Meta分析方法评价胃食管反流病与喉癌之间的关系。 方法 计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Web of Knowledge、CBM和CNKI数据库,文献检索起至时间从建库到2015年5月止,收集公开发表的所有关于胃食管反流病与喉癌关系的病例对照研究,按纳入和排除标准筛选文献并评价纳入研究质量,应用RevMan 5.3和Stata13.1软件进行Meta分析,根据异质性检验结果选择模型并合并效应量OR值,并评价发表偏倚和敏感性分析。 结果 共纳入13个病例对照研究,Meta分析结果显示,喉癌组胃食管反流病的阳性率显著高于对照组［OR=2.68, 95%CI(1.94,3.70),P<0.000 01］。 结论 胃食管反流病可能是喉癌发生的一种危险因素。但是,考虑到研究间的异质性,还需设计更好的研究来进一步证明本Meta分析结论。     

Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors among Children with Intellectual Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study

To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in Chinese children with intellectual disability, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 558 children with intellectual disability aged 6–18 years in Hong Kong, and 452 (81.0%) with valid data were included in the data analysis. Blood pressure was measured according to a standard protocol. Hypertension was defined using the age-, gender-, and height-specific classification criteria recommended by the 2018 Chinese Guidelines for Children. Multivariate and hierarchical logistic regression was fitted to examine the associations of hypertension with potential risk factors. Overall, 31.4% of the participants were classified as having hypertension. Obese children were more likely to develop hypertension than non-obese children (adjusted OR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.28, 5.99, p = 0.010). A paternal education of college or above and a paternal occupation of clerks, sales representatives, and workers were also associated with an increased risk of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension is high among Chinese children with intellectual disability. Obesity was the strongest risk factor. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings. Nevertheless, preventions against obesity are promising to receive doubled benefits in reducing both obesity and hypertension, given its strong relationship with hypertension in this special population.