大学生心理健康教育干预研究

目的　研究高校心理健康干预模式 ,提高大学生心理健康水平。方法　采取分层整群抽样的方法 ,运用SCL - 90自评量表对该院学生测试评分 ,分别进行实施心理健康干预模式 (心理教育、心理预防、心理训练 )前后状况调查 ,比较学生心理测试总体水平。结果　学校心理健康教育干预实施后一年 ,学生心理测试 8项因子分均值低于心理健康干预实施前 ,其中强迫、人际关系、焦虑、恐怖、偏执因子分实施前后有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　学校实施心理健康教育干预能有效地维护大学生心理健康 ,促进大学生心理发展 ,提高大学生心理素质     

大学生一般自我效能感与防御方式的相关研究

目的 探讨大学生一般自我效能感与防御方式之间的关系。方法 采用“一般自我效能感量表”及“防御方式问卷”，对390名大学生的一般自我效能感和防御方式进行了测量。结果 大学生一般自我效能感性别差异非常显著（P〈0．01），而城乡差异不显著（P〉0．05）；大学生防御方式的性别差异显著（P〈0．05），而城乡差异不显著（P〉0．05）；大学生的一般自我效能感与防御方式有显著相关。结论 一般自我效能感是影响大学生防御方式的重要因素。     

护理本科生双导师制带教模式的实践

目的 探索适合护理本科生的临床带教模式.方法 将2001级和2000级护理本科生分为实验组(n=24)和对照组(n=38),对照组给予传统带教模式带教,实验组采用双导师制带教模式,即每名学生在临床实习期间,由1名临床专科导师负责其本科室专科知识方面的指导,1名全程导师负责其实习全过程的督导及检查工作,护理部在学生实习结束前进行带教满意率测评及实习效果评价,并与对照组进行比较.结果 两组对医院带教很满意率、学生护理理论、操作技能考核成绩、论文书写优良率比较,差异有显著性意义(均P＜0.01).结论 双导师制可提高带教质量,是受学生好评和欢迎的带教模式.     

运用反应时探究小学生情绪认知发展特点

目的：探究小学儿童情绪认知的发展特点。方法：采用计算机实验方法和反应时评价指标，运用80对情绪词汇推测小学儿童对四个不同类别情绪（基本积极情绪、基本消极情绪、积极自我意识情绪、消极自我意识情绪）的认知发展差异，以及对引发情绪的原因、情绪的外在行为反应、情绪的后继调节三个维度的认知发展差异。结果：小学儿童对引发情绪的原因、外在行为反应、后继调节三个维度的反应时差异有统计学意义（1289．5、1164．6、1295．7，F=13．535，P〈0．001），且三个维度认知反应时2年级学生均长于4、6年级（P〈0．01），对四个不同类别情绪认知的反应时差异无显著性（1237．1、1269．8、1222．8、1305．2，F=1．520，P=0．220），四个类别的情绪认知反应时2年级均长于4、6年级（P〈0．01）。结论：儿童对情绪行为认知的加工速度最快，对消极自我意识认知的发展相对较慢，且均在2—4年级间发展迅速。     

现阶段县级卫校在初级卫生保健中的作用探析

依据乡村医生人力结构现状调查结果,就现阶段县级卫校在初级卫生保健中的作用及今后面向乡村医生办学的可行性作了具体的分析和探讨。结论是:提高质量,加强对在岗乡医进行系统化正规中专层次的职后复训,应是县级卫校今后1O年的最主要的任务。     

Nursing Students' Attitudes Towards Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia

In 1991/92, 289 students from four different schools of nursing in Norway participated in a case-related attitudes test. The nursing students answered questions concerning their personal views on the moral and legal implications of either assisting suicide or performing euthanasia. They also indicated whether they thermselves were willing to perform these acts. The results were compared with responses from a study on students from other faculties in 1988. The findings suggested that nursing students were significantly (p < 0.0005) more restrictive than the other students in their attitudes towards voluntary active euthanasia (VAE). Factors that influenced the nursing students' attitudes towards VAE were measured by the index of VAE. Religious belief (p < 0.0001), conservative political view (p < 0.01), and the perception of life as meaningful (p < 0.02) were the best predictors of the dependent variable.     

小学教师主观幸福感与心理健康的相关研究

目的 研究小学教师主观幸福感和心理健康的关系。方法 用人脸量表和SCL－90测量了301名小学教师的主观幸福感和心理健康状况。结果 小学教师的主观幸福感呈右偏态分布趋势，主观幸福感与心理健康存在显著正相关。结论 心理健康是影响小学教师主观幸福感的因素之一。     

Mature-age entrants to medical school: a controlled study of sociodemographic characteristics, career choice and job satisfaction

A comparison of 121 mature-age and 270 normal-age entrants who graduated from the University of Queensland Medical School between 1972 and 1987 shows that mature-age entrants are some 7 years older, are more likely to come from public (state) schools and less likely to have parents in professional/technical occupations. Otherwise, the two groups were similar in terms of gender, marital status, number of children, ethnic background and current practice location. The educational background of mature-age entrants prior to admission includes 44.6% with degrees in health-science areas and 31.4% with degrees in non-health areas. Reasons for delayed entry of mature-age entrants include late consideration of medicine as a career (34.7%), financial problems (31.4%), dissatisfaction with previous career (30.6%), poor academic results (19.8%), or a combination of the above factors. Motivations to study medicine include family influences (more so in normal-age entrants), altruistic reasons (more so in mature-age entrants) and a variety of personal/social factors such as intellectual satisfaction, prestige and financial security (similar for both groups) and parental expectations (more so in normal-age entrants). Mature-age entrants experienced greater stress throughout the medical course, especially with regard to financial difficulties, loneliness/isolation from the students and family problems (a greater proportion were married with children). While whole-course grades were similar in both groups, normal-age entrants tended to win more undergraduate honours/prizes and postgraduate diplomas/degrees, including specialist qualifications. Practice settings were similar in terms of group private practice, hospital/clinic practice or medical administration, but there was a greater proportion of mature-age entrants in solo private practice, and a smaller proportion in teaching/research. If given the time over, some two-thirds of both groups would choose medicine as a career. Reasons for job satisfaction include helping patients, intellectual stimulation and financial rewards. Reasons for dissatisfaction include pressure of work, red-tape/paperwork, 'doctor-bashing', long working hours, emotional strain, financial pressure, unfulfilled career expectations and irritation with trivial medical complaints.     

The short-term stability of student ratings of instruction in medical school

The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of consistency in student ratings of teacher effectiveness during the first year of medical school. Student ratings of teaching effectiveness represent a commonly used source of information that enters into the academic decision-making process. In medical school, student evaluations often represent a major source of information that is used in promotion and tenure decisions. It is essential that the precision of such ratings be ascertained so that decision-makers will know how much confidence to place in this source of information on teaching effectiveness. In this study, each member of a first-year medical school class was randomly assigned a two-digit identification number at the beginning of the spring semester, 1986. As the semester progressed students were asked to evaluate each full-time teacher in three major courses. Multiple instructors were utilized in each course (n = 10). Each teacher was evaluated immediately after lectures during the first (T1) and second (T2) halves of the course. Students evaluated the teacher a third time (T3) as part of the end-of-semester overall course evaluation. The teachers were evaluated on a short eight-item Likert-type scale that identified several key indicators of effective teaching. Students attached their anonymous identification numbers to individual ratings so that their responses could be matched in the analysis. The results indicate that medical students are only moderately consistent in the extent to which they evaluate teachers. This inconsistency varied by course and by instructors within courses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

医科职业中专生与医科本科生孤独,抑郁,自尊状况的比较研究

目的探讨医科职业高中生与医科本科生的心理健康状况的差异。方法采用ＵＣＬＡ、自尊量表、抑郁量表、感情与社会孤独量表及自编情况调查表对３５０名在校职业高中医士班、医学院本科学生进行评定。结果职业高中学生的孤独及抑郁量表得分高于医学院学生，自尊量表得分低于医学院学生。职高组轻度和中度抑郁占４２．６２％，大学组轻度和中度抑郁占２０％。结论职业高中学生心理健康水平低于医学本科生