川中地区居民血压与血脂水平的研究

目的:探讨遂宁城区居民血脂水平与血压之间的关系。方法:参照WHO MONICA(中国MONICA)方案的方法和标准,对市区自然人群25~74岁1619人进行血压及血脂的调查,并在个体水平上对资料作单因素相关和多因素回归分析。结果:(1)城市居民高血压患病率为30·33%,标化率20·61%;(2)血压随着血脂水平层次递增相应升高,与总胆固醇、甘油三脂呈正相关,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关;(3)采用多因素逐步回归分析建立的数学模型及其预测血压总趋势具有一定的可靠性,并显示血脂各项指标之间有相加和协同作用。结论:揭示了血压与血脂水平之间的关系,对心脑血管病的防治具有一定的指导意义。     

Intramuscular [18F]F-FDG Administration for Successful PET Imaging of Golden Hamsters in a Maximum Containment Laboratory Setting

Positron emission tomography (PET) is becoming an important tool for the investigation of emerging infectious diseases in animal models. Usually, PET imaging is performed after intravenous (IV) radiotracer administration. However, IV injections are difficult to perform in some small animals, such as golden hamsters. This challenge is particularly evident in longitudinal imaging studies, and even more so in maximum containment settings used to study high-consequence pathogens. We propose the use of intramuscular (IM) administration of 2-deoxy-2[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-glucose ([¹⁸F]F-FDG) for PET imaging of hamsters in a biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory setting. After [¹⁸F]F-FDG administration via IM or IV (through surgically implanted vascular access ports), eight hamsters underwent static or dynamic PET scans. Time–activity curves (TACs) and standardized uptake values (SUVs) in major regions of interest (ROIs) were used to compare the two injection routes. Immediately after injection, TACs differed between the two routes. At 60 min post-injection, [¹⁸F]F-FDG activity for both routes reached a plateau in most ROIs except the brain, with higher accumulation in the liver, lungs, brain, and nasal cavities observed in the IM group. IM delivery of [¹⁸F]F-FDG is an easy, safe, and reliable alternative for longitudinal PET imaging of hamsters in a BSL-4 laboratory setting.     

Numerical Modeling of Chloride Transport in Concrete under Cyclic Exposure to Chloride

Concrete structures under cyclic exposure to chlorides entail a higher risk of embedded steel corrosion along with accelerated ionic ingress from the environment. This study proposes a coupled transport model considering moisture and chloride distribution in concrete to investigate the influence of a cyclic exposure condition on chloride penetration. In this model, pore size distribution to quantify the effective pore space for moisture and chloride mobilizations was determined to establish the governing equation for chloride transport through non-saturated concrete. From the simulation results, the rate of chloride penetration increases with decreasing ambient humidity levels due to the enhanced chloride convection. Finally, the coupled transport model was verified by comparing in-situ data, showing reasonable correlations with 0.83 and 0.93 of determinant coefficients for 22 and 44 years of exposure, respectively, while those obtained from LIFE 365 were much lower.     

Comparison of 25-OH vitamin D levels between children with upper and those with lower extremity fractures: A prospective case-control study

Objective:The aims of this study were (1) to compare 25-OH vitamin D levels between children with upper and those with lower extremity fractures and (2) to determine whether 25-OH D insufficiency prevalence is increased compared to healthy controls.Methods:This is a prospective case–control study for 12 months. The study was conducted with children aged 5-18 years, including 60 children with non-displaced, impaction type upper extremity and lower extremity fractures resulted from low-energy trauma. In addition, 60 healthy children were included as controls. In all participants, risk factors for low bone mineral density were assessed and serum 25(OH)D levels were measured. Vitamin D levels were compared among groups.Results:Vitamin D deficiency (25-OH D <20) was 14.8 times (OR= 95% CI= 5.61 - 39.8) and 2.9 times (OR= 95% CI= 1.46-5.75) higher in patients with upper and lower extremity fractures, respectively. In the upper extremity fracture group, serum 25-OH D level was considered deficient (25-OH D level = <20 ng/mL) in 91.6% (55/60). In comparison, it was considered as insufficient (serum 25-OH D level = 20-30 ng/mL in 8.3% (5/60) of the patients. In the lower extremity fracture group, serum 25(OH)D level was considered as deficient in 75.0% (45/60), while it was considered as insufficient in 25.0% (15/60) of the patients. In the control group, serum 25-OH D level was considered deficient in 10.0% (6/60), while it was considered insufficient in 61.6% (37/60) of subjects. The 25-OH D deficiency and insufficiency were more common in the whole fracture group (upper plus lower extremity fracture groups) when compared to healthy controls.Conclusion:This study has shown that hypovitaminosis D is associated with an increased risk for fracture in the pediatric population, and the fracture risk is higher in upper extremity fractures than in lower extremity fractures. In children with fractures, routine vitamin D evaluation should be considered.Level of Evidence: Level III, Diagnostic Study     

Does Regular Physical Activity Improve Personal Income? Empirical Evidence from China

A lack of adequate exercise threatens human health, weakening human capital accumulation. The relationship between exercise and income has become the focus of attention in health economics. In terms of reducing body weight and improving physical fitness, diet and physical exercise are intertwined and become effective ways to shape a healthy state. Based on individual-level survey data from China, this study quantified the economic returns of habitual exercise behavior by using an endogenous switching regression model (ESRM) to eliminate selection bias. The study shows that (1) participants in the group with regular exercise behavior increased their income by 3.79% compared with those not exercising regularly; (2) for the group with no regular exercise behavior, regular exercise increased their income by 13.36% compared with those not exercising regularly. Additionally, empirical evidence shows that both drinking and smoking can significantly increase individual income, despite unhealthy habits. These results suggest that the habit of regular physical activity plays a vital role in increasing individual income and improving overall national health, and the effect of individual behavior on income is affected by national culture. The outcomes are empirical evidence for the Chinese government to promote Healthy China Action and support developing countries worldwide to enable habitual exercise, stimulating a policy of exercise behavior.     

The upregulated intestinal folate transporters direct the uptake of ligand-modified nanoparticles for enhanced oral insulin delivery

Transporters are traditionally considered to transport small molecules rather than large-sized nanoparticles due to their small pores. In this study, we demonstrate that the upregulated intestinal transporter (PCFT), which reaches a maximum of 12.3-fold expression in the intestinal epithelial cells of diabetic rats, mediates the uptake of the folic acid-grafted nanoparticles (FNP). Specifically, the upregulated PCFT could exert its function to mediate the endocytosis of FNP and efficiently stimulate the traverse of FNP across enterocytes by the lysosome-evading pathway, Golgi-targeting pathway and basolateral exocytosis, featuring a high oral insulin bioavailability of 14.4% in the diabetic rats. Conversely, in cells with relatively low PCFT expression, the positive surface charge contributes to the cellular uptake of FNP, and FNP are mainly degraded in the lysosomes. Overall, we emphasize that the upregulated intestinal transporters could direct the uptake of ligand-modified nanoparticles by mediating the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of ligand-modified nanoparticles via the transporter-mediated pathway. This study may also theoretically provide insightful guidelines for the rational design of transporter-targeted nanoparticles to achieve efficient drug delivery in diverse diseases.     

住院2型糖尿病患者血清促甲状腺激素水平与糖尿病视力受损风险的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平与糖尿病视网膜病变、视力受损风险的关系.方法 住院2型糖尿病患者1003例,以TSH值进行四分位处理,观察不同TSH分位水平下患者视网膜病变及视力受损风险的差异.结果 4组不同TSH分位患者发生视网膜病变及视力损害风险均无显著性差异（P=0.943）.Logistic回归分别调整了年龄、性别、病程、收缩压、空腹血糖后,不同分位TSH组间的视网膜病变及视力损害风险无显著性差异.多因素调整后显示糖尿病视网膜病变同糖尿病病程、收缩压有关（P=0.000）.结论 住院2型糖尿病患者血清TSH水平与糖尿病视网膜病变、视力受损风险无明显相关.     

描述性分类法用于门诊护理管理的效果观察

目的 探究描述性分类法应用于门诊护理管理的效果以及应用价值。方法 以简单随机抽样法纳入32名门诊护理人员作为研究对象,2018年1—12月未实施描述性分类法管理,设置为参照组,2019年1月—2020年1月后实施描述性分类法管理,设置为管理组,以统计学对两组管理期间护理活动量表评分（nursing activities score,NAS）、护理水平、不良事件发生情况以及管理满意度等数据进行处理分析。结果 管理组卫生保健、活动和体位、管理和输液、患者和家属支持与护理、行政和业务管理工作等护理活动方面的评分明显高于参照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。管理组护理技术评分、护理态度评分、护理质量评分均明显高于参照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。管理组发生意外伤害、护理差错、护患纠纷以及投诉等不良事件发生率6.25%明显低于参照组25.00%,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。管理组门诊护理人员满意度明显高于参照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 描述性分类法应用于门诊护理管理中可提高管理期间护理活动以及护理水平,减少各种不良事件的发生,护理...     

滋肾平肝经验汤剂内服在高血压患者中的价值探讨

目的 分析探讨滋肾平肝经验汤剂内服应用于高血压患者治疗中的价值。方法 在本院2019年4月—2020年4月接受治疗的高血压患者当中抽选84例作为本研究观察对象,以数字随机分组法分为对照组和观察组,其中对照组42例患者给予西药治疗,观察组42例患者给予滋肾平肝经验汤剂内服联合西药治疗。比较两组主要临床症状、血压水平变化情况、血流变化情况以及临床疗效。结果 观察组患者的临床总好转率为92.86%,高于对照组的73.81%,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;治疗后观察组患者的舒张压为（80.94±2.74）mmHg、收缩压为（125.41±4.59）mmHg,均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;治疗后观察组患者的主要症状（头痛、眩晕、急燥易怒、口干口苦和便秘）评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;观察组患者的血浆黏度、全血低切黏度和全血高切黏度均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;观察组和对照组患者的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。结论 滋肾平肝经验汤剂内服治疗高血压的临床疗效理想。