In vivo efficacy of a novel double liposome as an oral dosage form of salmon calcitonin

A simple method for the preparation of the inner liposomes for double liposomes (DL) was developed. The encapsulation efficiency of erythrosine in liposomes prepared by this new method is superior to that of the previous method because of the concentration of the drug in the lipid membrane. To evaluate the usefulness of DL prepared by the glass‐filter method modified in this study as an oral dosage form of salmon calcitonin (SCT), a suspension of liposomes containing SCT was administered to rats at a dose of 10 μg SCT/kg. Each type of DL showed better efficacy than its inner liposomes alone. The decrease in plasma calcium level was dependent on the electrical charge and particle size of the inner liposomes. The hypocalcemic efficacy of DL encapsulating SCT‐loading cationic liposomes relative to that after subcutaneous administration of SCT at a dose of 1 μg/kg was 6.47%, which was the largest value obtained. These results indicated that not only the particle size but also the electrical charge of inner liposomes affect intestinal absorption. This study verified that the efficacy was increased because of the decrease in diameter of the inner liposomes and the use of lipid with a positive charge. These findings concluded that DL might be useful as an oral dosage form of SCT. Drug Dev. Res. 58:253–257, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Are voice endurance tests able to assess vocal fatigue?

Voice endurance tests are often used to evaluate vocal fatigue or to test the suitability of an individual for voice demands. It is assumed that these tests help to identify subjects with laryngeal or vocal fatigue out of a population of persons with complaints of discomfort in the throat, recurrent hoarseness and decreased voice power. In this study we evaluated the Voice Interval Test with respect to its discriminative power by comparison of voice performances in 20 patients with a history of vocal fatigue with that in 12 healthy subjects. Voice performance was studied during the Voice Interval Test as well as during regular use of the voice on a working day by electroglottography (EGG), acoustic analysis and a self-rating scale for pain and fatigue. Despite the number of tests the data did not reveal any significant difference between the patients and the healthy subjects. Voice fatigue could therefore not be identified and the clinical relevance of the Voice Interval Test appears to be questionable.     

Changes in rapidly extracted auditory evoked potentials during tracheal intubation

BACKGROUND: One of the problems encountered in assessment of the hypnotic level during anesthesia is the extraction of a consistent and reliable measure online and close to real time. Hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure are not, at least with the traditional single parameter versus time presentation, adequate for ensuring an optimal level of anesthesia, especially when using neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA). In the literature, it has been demonstrated that auditory evoked potentials (AEP) are able to provide two aspects relevant to determining level of anesthesia: firstly, they have identifiable anatomical significance and, secondly, their characteristics reflect the way the brain perceives a stimulus. METHODS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the AEP index based on a system identification model, the autoregressive model with exogenous input (ARX-model), and to compare it to the classical method, the moving time average (MTA). The ARX enables the extraction within 15-25 sweeps, depending on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), whereas MTA typically needs 250-500 sweeps. The hypothesis of the present study was that since the ARX-model extracts the AEP faster than the MTA-model, the former should be able to detect changes during the brief, intense stimulus of endotracheal intubation. Twelve female patients scheduled for gynecological surgery were included in the study. Anesthesia was initiated with thiopentone and maintained with isoflurane and alfentanil. The AEP was mapped into an index (AEP-index) normalized to 100 when the individual was awake and decreasing to an average of 25 during thiopentone induced anaesthesia. The results were compared to those obtained by MTA-extracted AEP. RESULTS: During tracheal intubation 9 patients showed an increase in the ARX-extracted AEP-index larger than 15, and 6 of these patients showed an increase larger than 25 (mean increase=33, SD=18). The MTA-extracted AEP-index showed only one patient with an increase larger than 15. The ARX-extracted AEP changed significantly faster than the MTA-extracted AEP. CONCLUSION: The ARX-extracted AEP-index increases during tracheal intubation. There is a significant difference between the ARX-extracted AEP and the traditional MTA-extracted AEP, in terms of response time. In order to trace short-lasting changes in the hypnotic level by AEP, the AEP should be extracted by a method with a fast response such as the ARX-model.     

人工耳蜗植入后不同言语处理器编程方案的比较

目的　了解和认识体佩式 (SPrint)和耳背式言语处理器 (ESPrit 3G)在调试中的不同特点 ,以便更好地进行人工耳蜗调式。方法　对 9例年龄 2～ 5 4岁的全聋患者于手术后 6～ 2 4个月由使用SPrint转换使用ESPrit 3G ,比较使用不同言语处理器调试所创建的电听力图之阈值 (thresholdlevel,T -L)和舒适阈 (comfortablelevel,C -L)、以及在ESPrit 3G使用不同程序时的声场测试和问卷调查结果 ,并进行统计学分析。结果　使用由SPrint获得的程序佩戴ESPrit 3G ,4例患者 (1组 )感觉聆听效果满意 ,与以往佩戴SPrint无差异。有 5例患者 (2组 )从不同言语处理器所获得的T -L和C -L有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;使用不同的编程佩戴ESPrit3G进行声场 (啭音 )听阈测试 ,结果有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;问卷调查显示使用经ESPrit3G直接调试获得的程序较使用由SPrint转换而来的程序有更好的聆听效果。 1组与使用ESPrit 3G调试获得程序的 2组的声场测试结果无差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 1组与使用由SPrint转换而来程序的 2组的声场测试结果有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　由佩戴SPrint转为使用ESPrit3G时 ,部分患者直接使用由SPrint转化而来的程序可能存在音量感受不足的情况 ,因此为了使患者获得更好的聆听效果 ,应经ESPrit 3G重新进行     

降低儿童血铅水平的干预研究

目的　通过 3年来对厦门儿童血铅水平的监测和干预 ,总结血铅检测和降低儿童血铅的方法。方法　采用间接血锌原卟啉 (ZPP)和直接石墨炉原子吸收仪检测血铅水平 ,以及部分计数嗜碱性点彩红细胞。每年对托幼机构的儿童保健人员进行培训和到托幼机构进行指导 ,对家长进行防铅宣教。结果　 1999年、2 0 0 0年、2 0 0 2年高ZPP组的筛查率分别为 11 2 7%、9 0 2 %和 6 5 2 % ,呈逐年下降 ;中度以上铅中毒儿童的血铅与嗜碱性点彩红细胞铅中毒有显著的相关关系。结论　在无显著铅污染的环境下 ,对于普通儿童 ,切实做好防铅保健 ,及时定期监测血铅水平 ,可以达到显著降低儿童血铅水平的目的。在无原子吸收仪的医院 ,嗜碱性点彩红细胞对于儿童中度以上铅中毒诊断有一定的参考价值。     

年龄、基础卵泡刺激素值对控制性促超排卵结局的预测价值

目的 探讨年龄、基础卵泡刺激素（FSH）值对控制性促超排卵（COH）结局的预测价值。方法 对2003年1月至2004年11月在同济医院生殖中心行体外受精（IVF）／单个精子卵母细胞内注射（ICSI）与胚胎移植（ET）助孕术的1252个周期结局进行回顾性分析。结果 随年龄、基础FSH值的上升，获卵数和可移植胚胎数逐渐减少，周期取消率逐渐升高。但在基础FSH值≤18mU／ml时，只有年龄与临床妊娠显著相关，而基础FSH值与临床妊娠无显著相关性。结论 年龄、基础FSH值的上升与COH结果负性相关，而年龄则是妊娠的独立预测因子。     

环境气体检测控制系统指标及安全考虑

环境气体检测的重要性大家能理解，各种仪表和控制系统应运而生，从保证控制良好来讲，控制在什么指标，对控制系统和仪表的安全等级确定是很重要的。     

社区高血压管理中的健康教育效果评价

目的探讨健康教育在高血压药物治疗中的作用及对患者生活质量的影响。方法将社区筛查中发现的高血压患者共计137例,根据高血压危险度进行分层,随机分为综合治疗组和单一用药组。结果一年后,综合治疗组血压控制理想,总有效率为91.2%,单一用药组总有效率为76.8%,两组有统计学差异(P<0.01);两组间的危险度等级分层有统计学差异(P<0.01);综合治疗组的生活方式及精神状态明显好于单一用药组。结论健康教育有利于社区高血压的治疗,并能提高患者生活质量。     

高氟饮水与儿童血铅水平关系的流行病学研究

目的:了解高氟饮水对0~8岁儿童血铅水平的影响及特点。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对饮用不同含氟量水质的1 983例0~8岁儿童进行了血铅水平测定,并对可能影响儿童血铅水平的相关因素进行了流行病学调查分析。结果:调查儿童血铅范围在14.4~223.8μg/L之间,高氟饮水儿童血铅水平均数为93.0μg/L,饮用正常水质儿童血铅水平均数为80.4μg/L,两组差异显著;按照饮用水含氟量高低比较儿童血铅均数水平呈由高氟水到轻高氟水逐渐降低趋势。多元逐步回归分析亦显示饮用高氟水与血铅值相关。结论:高氟饮水是影响儿童血铅水平重要危险因素。     

2005年龙岩市部分健康人群流脑带菌状况和免疫水平调查

[目的]了解龙岩市健康人群流脑带菌状况与免疫水平，以确定高危人群，预测、预报流脑疫情。[方法]2005年3月，对龙岩市部分健康人群进行了流脑的带菌状况与血清抗体水平调查。[结果]调查168人，检出3株A群脑膜炎奈瑟菌，带菌率为1．49%；血清A群与C群流脑抗体阳性率分别为54．76％、29．76％，GMT分别为1：0．49、1：0．19，各年龄组均〈1：1．00。[结论]龙岩市健康人群有低水平的脑膜炎奈瑟菌携带率和流脑免疫水平，尚未发现C群菌的带菌者。