自制曲线M型超声测定心肌运动速率阶差的应用研究

目的 一种自制曲线解剖M型超声图像方式,用于分析心肌运动速率阶差（MVG）。方法 设计能快速获取左室短轴8个采样点的心内外膜心肌运动速率,并计算出MVG的程序,对141例各类心脏病人,26例正常人进行了观察。结果 观察到心肌梗死、冠心病、扩张性心肌病各组MVG较对照组显著降低（P〈0．01）,MVG与左室每搏量、射血分数等左室收缩功能指标相关良好。结论 自制曲线解剖M型超声图像方式MVG检测方法操作简便易行、重复性较好,使复杂的MVG测定过程简化,易于临床应用。     

The effect of atrial-based pacing on exercise capacity as measured by the 6-minute walk test: A substudy of the Canadian Trial of Physiological Pacing (CTOPP)

BACKGROUND: Although several randomized trials have detected no reduction in major cardiovascular events with the routine use of dual-chamber as opposed to ventricular pacemakers, many individuals continue to advocate their use as a means of improving exercise capacity. METHODS: The Canadian Trial of Physiological Pacing (CTOPP) trial is the largest trial comparing ventricular pacing to atrial-based pacing (atrial or dual-chamber) in patients with bradycardia. All patients in this trial were asked to complete a 6-minute hall walk test (6MWT) at the time of their first study follow-up. The distance walked in 6 minutes and the patient's heart rate before and immediately after the walk were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 2568 patients in the CTOPP, 76% completed the 6MWT. The mean distance walked was 350 +/- 127 m in the ventricular pacing group and 356 +/- 127 m in the atrial-based group (P = NS). Similarly, there was no difference in the change in heart rate between the two groups (17 +/- 13 vs. 18 +/- 12 bpm: P = NS). However, among patients with an unpaced heart rate of 相似文献   

Economic evaluation of long-term albumin use in cirrhosis patients from the Mexican healthcare system perspective

Introduction and objectivesLiver cirrhosis is a major public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. The ANSWER trial showed that long-term human albumin (LTA) infusions led to significant reduction of complications and mortality in patients with uncomplicated ascites. The present study aimed to assess the incremental cost of cirrhosis patients treated with LTA plus standard medical treatment (SMT) versus those treated with SMT from the perspective of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS).Material and methodsCost of illness for patients with cirrhosis and grade 2-3 ascites treated with SMT or with SMT and LTA (following the treatment regimen from ANSWER) over a one-year period was estimated according to the IMSS perspective. Rates of treatments, complications and hospitalizations were based on results from the ANSWER trial. Unit costs from IMSS were gathered from public sources and transformed to 2020 Mexican $ (Mex$).ResultsThe use of LTA is estimated to require additional annual expenditure derived from the pharmacological cost of human albumin and by the follow up visits required for LTA administration (Mex$28,128). However, this cost may potentially be counterbalanced by the reduction in paracentesis, cirrhosis-related complications and hospitalizations which would lead to cost savings of Mex$33,417 per patient/year.ConclusionsBased on the ANSWER trial results, our study suggests that LTA may result in improved clinical outcomes and reduced costs for the IMSS when administered to cirrhosis patients with uncomplicated ascites.     

干燥方式对粮食硒和氟含量的影响

目的查明不同干燥方式对粮食硒、氟含量的影响，选择最佳的粮食干燥方法。方法运用流行病学调查法分类采集大巴山区不同干燥方式下的粮食样品。硒的测定用DAN荧光分光光度法，氟的测定用氟离子选择电极法。结果与日晒干燥方式相比，敞烧煤火熏烤可使粮食中的硒、氟含量同时成倍甚至成数百倍增加，降氟炉灶烘烤能有效降低粮食干燥后期的硒、氟污染。结论在大巴山区应摒弃敞烧煤火熏烤的粮食干燥方法，推广使用降氟炉灶并倡导日晒干燥粮食法。     

骨折病人心理特征与早期康复训练依从性的相关性研究

[目的]调查分析骨折病人心理特征对早期康复训练依从性的影响。[方法]使用医院焦虑抑郁量表、多纬度健康状况心理控制源量表、医学应对方式问卷和自编的早期康复锻炼依从性评价表,对10 0例四肢骨折术后住院病人进行调查和分析。[结果]病人抑郁、健康心理控制源和医学应对方式对术后早期康复训练依从性有显著影响。[结论]要重视骨折病人抑郁、健康心理控制源和应对方式对早期康复训练依从性的影响,采取针对性护理措施,最大限度地恢复和改善伤肢功能。     

山东省临床护士的应对方式与人口学特征的相关性研究

[目的]探讨临床护士的应对方式与人口学特征的关系。[方法]应用简易应对方式问卷对山东省19所医院的872名临床护士进行调查。[结果]临床护士积极应对得分明显高于全国常模,而消极应对得分明显低于全国常模;不同年龄、不同职称护士的积极应对得分比较有统计学意义(P <0 .0 1) ,而消极应对得分比较无统计学意义(P >0 .0 5 ) ;2 1岁～5 0岁的护士积极应对分随年龄增长而相应递增;不同科室的护士在积极应对和消极应对得分均有统计学意义。[结论]临床护士多采用积极应对方式,较少采取消极应对方式;年龄、职称、科室对临床护士的应对方式存在一定的影响,应根据临床护士的人口学特征,引导和教育护士采取有效的应对方式缓解压力,以提高其心理健康水平。     

发展我国临床专科护理师需要研究解决的问题

针对我国临床专科护理师(CNS)培养初步阶段出现的问题,提出确定CNS名称和培养目标的迫切性,CNS研究生层次培养的可行性,明确CNS角色定位和职能作用的必要性,以及CNS管理模式的紧迫性.     

门脉高压联合断流术后病人应对方式与生存质量的相关研究

[目的]探讨门脉高压联合断流术后病人的应对方式、生存质量及其两者的关系.[方法]对50例门脉高压联合断流术后病人以应对量表(JCS)及健康状况调查表(SF-36)进行问卷调查.[结果]病人多采用乐观、勇敢面对、支持等积极应对方式,较少采用情感应对;在生存质量的9个维度中,躯体角色得分最高,躯体功能得分最低;应对方式中支持有助于促进总健康,保守与心理健康呈正相关,而情感与心理健康呈负相关.[结论]门脉高压联合断流术后病人生存质量在一定程度上取决于应对方式的选择.护理人员应从各方面给予支持、关心,调动病人积极的心理潜能,增强病人有效的应对能力,以提高其生存质量.     

总护士长在推行ISO9000质量保证体系中的作用

在推行ISO9000质量保证体系中,总护士长要充分发挥其中介指挥和督导作用。首先总护士长层应统一思想,达成共识,明确目标和方向;在体系文件建立中承担主要任务,扮演主角;在ISO标准实施中既要考虑质量体系的广泛性,也要重视其特殊性,特别是在重点部位、重要环节、重要技术以及风险安全管理方面发挥主导作用。在ISO质量认证后,保持、改进、控制成为总护士长持之以恒地检查、指导各级护理人员落实ISO标准的重要工作。