青岛市2007年肾综合征出血热监测分析

目的掌握青岛市肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的流行特点,指导今后的防治工作。方法对青岛市2007年HFRS监测资料进行分析。结果全市发病率为1.64/10万,病死率为3.15%。季节发病呈双峰型,以秋冬季为主。12个市区中,8个有病例报告。郊区5市发病占总数的93.70%,其中胶南发病率最高,为5.58/10万。农民占83.46%,20-60岁组占89.76%,男女之比为4.08∶1。居民区主要鼠种为小家鼠和褐家鼠,分别占48.93%和27.90%。野外褐家鼠构成最高,占42.55%。居民区和野外阳性率分别为0.86%和4.26%。结论我市2007年HFRS发病率虽较往年明显降低,但郊区5个市仍是发病重点,应加强防治。     

象山县细菌性食物中毒流行特征及实验室检测结果分析

目的:了解象山县细菌性食物中毒发生概况尤其是流行特征及实验室检测情况,提高实验室应对食物中毒等突发事件的能力,为食物中毒的判定、治疗、控制和预防提供依据。方法:根据2005年~2007年食物中毒报表有关资料和实验室微生物检测报告,对细菌性食物中毒发生概况、实验室检测结果及部份副溶血性弧菌的血清学分型进行统计分析;病原菌检测依据GB/T4789-2003及《预防医学微生物学及检验技术》进行。结果:2005年~2007年共发生细菌性食物中毒34起,其中21起检出致病菌,13起未检出致病因子;送检样本501份,检出致病菌155株。检出的致病菌种类有:副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌、非O-1群霍乱弧菌及福氏志贺菌。结论:象山县细菌性食物中毒季节性分布明显,主要集中在第三季度;致病菌以副溶血性弧菌为主;副溶血性弧菌以O3:K6血清型为优势流行菌株;中毒场所以工厂食堂为主。     

潍坊口岸2004年蝇类本底调查

[目的]为建立潍坊口岸地区蝇类本底资料,于2004年对潍坊口岸蝇类的种群组成及季节消长规律进行了调查分析.[方法]采用笼诱法,定人、定点组成情况数据,每月2次进行蝇类诱捕.[结果]诱捕蝇类3793只,分为5科12属24种,年平均蝇密度为67.7只/笼*天.优势蝇种为家蝇.[结论]潍坊口岸在蝇类控制方面,要以家蝇、丝光绿蝇、大头金蝇、白纹厕蝇为主要对象.     

Prevalence and seasonal variation of hypovitaminosis D and its relationship to bone metabolism in community dwelling postmenopausal Hungarian women

Hypovitaminosis D can result in low bone mass. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D has public health implications, especially where data are lacking. Since diet and sunlight are the two souces of vitamin D, the results obtained in one geographical region may not be universally applicable. The aim of this study is to characterize the prevalence and seasonal variation of hypovitaminosis D and its relationship to bone metabolism in community dwelling postmenopausal Hungarian women. We determined serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), PTH, osteocalcin (OC), degradation products of C-terminal telopeptides of type-I collagen (CTx), dietary calcium intake and BMD at L2–L4 lumbar spine (LS) and femur neck (FN) in 319 randomly selected ambulatory postmenopausal women. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (serum 25-OH-D50 nmol/l) was 56.7%. On comparing patients with normal and low 25-OH-D, a significant difference was found in age (61.6±8.5 years versus 67.3±9.9 years; P<0.001), PTH (3.9±1.9 pmol/l versus 4.3±2.7 pmol/l; P<0.05), FN BMD (0.802±0.123 g/cm² versus 0.744±0.125 g/cm²; P<0.001) and dietary calcium intake (714.4±199.4 g/day versus 607.9±233 g/day; P<0.001). Osteoporotic patients had a significantly lower 25-OH-D (37.6±19.8 nmol/l versus 56.4±24 nmol/l; P<0.001) and dietary calcium intake (519.2±244.5 mg/day versus 718.2±164.3 mg/day; P<0.001). After controlling for all other variables, 25-OH-D was found to be significantly associated with age, the average hours of sunshine in the 3 months prior to 25-OH-D level determination and dietary calcium intake (r ²=0.190; P<0.001). For FN BMD, significant independent predictors were age, body mass index, 25-OH-D and dietary calcium intake (r ²=0.435; P<0.001). The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D during spring, summer, autumn and winter was 71%, 46.3%, 49.4% and 56.7%, respectively. There was significant seasonal variation in 25-OH-D, PTH, OC, calcium intake and FN BMD. There is a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in healthy postmenopausal Hungarian women, and FN BMD is associated with serum 25-OH-D and dietary calcium intake.     

Profile of patients attending Pediatric Emergency service at Chandigarh

Profile of children attending in a Pediatric Emergency Unit of an urban teaching hospital over a period of one year was analyzed. The total number of patients seen between September 1999 to August 2000 was 9205; there was a prepondence of boys (73%). The maximum number of patients were seen in the monsoon month of July and August. About half (52.5%) of the patients were infants. Fever (29.5%), breathing difficulty (17.4%) and diarrhea (14.5%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses were the two commonest pediatric emergencies. About 2% (n-198) patients died within 24 hours of hospitalization; 42.3% deaths were in the age group of 0–28 days. Sepsis was the most common diagnosis in patients who died. This information may help in planning and development of a Pediatric Emergency unit and prioritizing residents, training.     

Seasonal variation in consumption and plasma concentrations of fatty acids in Japanese female dietitians

Objective: To study seasonal variation in intake and plasma concentrations of fatty acids (FAs) in Japanese female dietitians. Subjects and methods: We assessed consumption of FAs based on four season 7 consecutive day weighed diet records from 71 Japanese female dietitians in 1996–1997. Using overnight fasting venous blood, plasma concentrations of FAs were analyzed by gas chromatography. Seasonal variation in consumption and plasma concentrations was examined by ANOVA for repeated values, followed by Tukey's multiple t-test. We calculated Spearman's partial rank correlation coefficients (CCs) between intake and plasma concentrations of FAs. Furthermore, we computed inter-seasonal Spearman's partial rank CCs for consumption and plasma concentrations of FAs. Results: Statistically significant seasonal differences were observed in consumption for most FAs, except for myristic acid, monounsaturated FAs, oleic acid, n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), linoleic acid, -linolenic acid, -linolenic acid, PUFAs/saturated FAs, and n-6 PUFAs/n-3 PUFAs, and for most plasma concentrations, except for stearic acid, -linolenic acid, n-3 PUFAs, -linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n-3 highly unsaturated FAs (HUFAs). However, statistically significant Spearman's partial rank CCs between intake and plasma concentrations were observed for EPA, DHA, n-3 HUFAs, n-6 PUFAs/n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs/n-3 HUFAs for almost all seasons. Conclusions: Seasonal variation exists in consumption and plasma concentrations of FAs, so that this should be taken into account in epidemiological analyses, including case–control and cohort studies.     

变应性鼻炎小鼠鼻黏膜白细胞介素-9及其受体mRNA表达水平的研究

目的　探讨白细胞介素9（interleukin-9,IL-9）及其受体IL-9R mRNA在变应性鼻炎小鼠鼻黏膜中的表达及其作用。方法　SPF级Balb/c小鼠16只,随机分为两组,每组8只。实验组卵清蛋白致敏建立变应性鼻炎小鼠模型;对照组使用生理盐水替代。每组随机取4只小鼠,病理检查证明造模成功。每组剩余4只小鼠取其鼻黏膜,实时定量PCR检测小鼠鼻黏膜中IL-9及IL-9R mRNA表达水平。结果  IL-9及IL-9R mRNA在对照组以及实验组中均有表达,实验组小鼠鼻黏膜中IL-9及IL-9R mRNA表达水平均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。小鼠鼻黏膜中IL-9 mRNA表达水平与IL-9RmRNA表达水平呈正相关（r =0.857,P＜0.05）。结论　IL-9及其受体IL-9R参与了变应性鼻炎发生发展中,并起到重要作用,该结果为进一步了解变应性鼻炎发病机制提供了新的视角,为变应性鼻炎靶向药物治疗提供新的线索。     

中国2005-2011年人狂犬病不同地区季节分布特征研究

目的 用简单定量方法描述中国不同地区狂犬病发病季节分布特征和规律,分析地理位置对其影响,为狂犬病风险评估、疫情预测提供依据.方法 以全国法定传染病报告系统中2005-2011年29个省份报告的17 800例临床与实验室确诊狂犬病病例为研究对象,从国家地理信息中心获得各省地理经纬度资料,利用Excel 2003软件绘制季节分布曲线,利用SPSS 18.0软件计算季节分布曲线的第25百分位数(P₂₅)、P₅₀、P₇₅、四分位数间距(Q)和峰度,并分别分析P₂₅、峰度与纬度的线性相关关系.结果 全国狂犬病发病以2月为低点,夏、秋季为发病高峰,峰值在8月.各省份狂犬病发病季节分布曲线的P₂₅、P₅₀、P₂₅、Q和峰度不同,纬度越高地区的P25越大,Q值越小,峰度越大;在年均报告病例数＞100例的9个省份,P₂₅、峰度与纬度间的相关系数r值分别为0.9342、0.8528 (P＜0.05).结论 中国狂犬病发病具有季节性,且存在地理差异和规律性,纬度越高地区季节性特征越明显.     

张家港口岸鼠形动物种群分布和季节消长调查

目的了解张家港口岸鼠形动物种群分布和季节消长情况,为防制提供科学依据。方法采用夹夜法。结果采取综合防制措施后,张家港口岸的鼠密度一直处于较低水平。此次调查,鼠形动物4年的平均密度为0．10％,以小家鼠为优势种,占48．42％,其次为褐家鼠和麝嗣,分别占25．79％和24．43％。鼠密度于4、9月呈现两个高峰,其中2004年鼠密度分别为0．35％和0．31％;于12、1月和6、7月呈现两个低谷,约低于0．05％。食堂和防护带密度较高,达到0．13％,仓库最低,为0．03％。结论张家港口岸鼠形动物以小家鼠为优势种,应在其繁殖高峰前后采取综合防制措施,降低鼠密度,预防传染病的发生。     

早产分娩的流行病学研究

目的 :探讨早产分娩的部分流行病学特征。方法 :回顾性病例对照研究。结果 :与足月单胎母亲相比 ,单胎早产母亲 <2 0岁的比例显著提高 ,经产妇、产检次数不足、流动人口比例高 ;剖腹产仍是早产分娩较常见的分娩方式 ,且产后出血率和新生儿窒息率显著高于对照组。结论 :胎膜早破和医学指征的早产比例接近 ,均为 37% ,自然的早产占 2 2 % ;单胎早产分娩有季节性 ,月分布集中在 6月份