The closing survival gap after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States

BackgroundSocio-economic inequalities among different racial/ethnic groups have increased in many high-income countries. It is unclear, however, whether increasing socio-economic inequalities are associated with increasing differences in survival in liver transplant (LT) recipients.MethodsAdults undergoing first time LT for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between 2002 and 2017 recorded in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) were included and grouped into three cohorts. Patient survival and graft survival stratified by race/ethnicity were compared among the cohorts using unadjusted and adjusted analyses.ResultsWhite/Caucasians comprised the largest group (n=9,006, 64.9%), followed by Hispanic/Latinos (n=2,018, 14.5%), Black/African Americans (n=1,379, 9.9%), Asians (n=1,265, 9.1%) and other ethnic/racial groups (n=188, 1.3%). Compared to Cohort I (2002-2007), the 5-year survival of Cohort III (2012-2017) increased by 18% for Black/African Americans, by 13% for Whites/Caucasians, by 10% for Hispanic/Latinos, by 9% for patients of other racial/ethnic groups and by 8% for Asians (All P values<0.05). Despite Black/African Americans experienced the highest survival improvement, their overall outcomes remained significantly lower than other ethnic∕racial groups (adjusted HR for death=1.20; 95%CI 1.05-1.36; P=0.005; adjusted HR for graft loss=1.21; 95%CI 1.08-1.37; P=0.002).ConclusionThe survival gap between Black/African Americans and other ethnic/racial groups undergoing LT for HCC has significantly decreased over time. However, Black/African Americans continue to have the lowest survival among all racial/ethnic groups.     

新形势下科研管理工作在高校哲学社会科学中的作用

新形势下,科研管理工作在高校哲学社会科学中的作用主要表现为:能够通过政策方针导向,调查研究实践,助推高校哲学社会创新体系的构建;能够着眼于跨学科领域发展的研究思路,搭建科研管理平台,提高科研工作效率;能够通过解读新形势内涵,引领高校哲学社会科学科研工作者,科学认识和把握当前发展的新形势新要求,提高规范化和科学化程度.     

New-Onset Diabetes and Preexisting Diabetes Are Associated With Comparable Reduction in Long-Term Survival After Liver Transplant: A Machine Learning Approach

Objective

To identify key predictors and survival outcomes of new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT) in liver transplant (LT) recipients by using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients.

国外图书馆生物医学科研数据管理服务及启示

通过调研印第安纳大学图书馆和马萨诸塞大学图书馆的科研数据管理的服务模式,对比分析了科研数据管理服务工作的内容、方法、工具等提出了我国图书馆科研数据管理服务模式的设想。     

Successes in sexual health communications development,programmatic implementation and evaluation in the Torres Strait region 2006 to 2012

Objective: To evaluate the Indigenous sexual health promotion program in the Torres Strait 2006–2012 that culminated in an education‐entertainment radio drama, Kasa Por Yarn (KPY). Methods: A mixed methods approach applied to unpublished program documents and program‐derived peer‐reviewed publications was utilised. Results: Early initiatives established a strong partnership with Torres Strait Islander stakeholders. Significant community engagement throughout ensured a positive process. Telephone survey data (n=100, TSI, 15–24 years) found: 95% had heard of KPY and 80% listened to 2 or more episodes (reach); 86% recalled storylines/characters (recall); and 54% talked about KPY to family/friends (resonance). There was improvement in sexual health knowledge scores (p<0.00) in the 15–19‐year‐old Torres Strait Islander population between 2007 and 2012. The 2012 15–24‐year‐old population exposed to KPY had higher sexual health knowledge scores compared with those unexposed (p=0.02). Conclusions: This is an uncommon comprehensive evaluation of population‐based sexual health communications strategies delivered over years in a remote Australian setting. The findings are encouraging but demonstrate that positive shifts take time and are incremental. Implications: In addition to clinical strategies, strategic and sustained investment in sexual health promotion expertise that leads community partnership and program development is required to reduce youth risk and prevent HIV/AIDS in remote populations.     

Fibre – Need to increase intake according to new recommendations

In its report on Carbohydrates and Health, the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) has recommended increases in the dietary reference values for fibre to 30 g/day for adults and 15–30 g/day for children, depending on their age. Intakes are currently much lower than this, at an average of 18 g/day in adults, less in children, and there are socio‐economic differences, with lower intakes in the lowest income quintile compared to the highest. Dietary modelling shows that achieving these recommendations is possible but will require substantial changes to dietary patterns for many, with meals based around fibre‐rich starchy foods (such as wholegrain and high‐fibre options of bread, breakfast cereals, pasta and rice, and jacket potatoes), supplemented by inclusion of high‐fibre snacks such as unsalted nuts and considerable amounts of vegetables and fruit, daily. This article discusses the challenges associated with communicating these new recommendations, in the context of current labelling legislation.     

胶囊内镜对上消化道黏膜观察完整度的研究进展北大核心CSCD

观察完整度是内镜检查中重要的质控指标。在上消化道检查中,胶囊内镜可对照传统胃镜通过核查各部位的主要解剖标志(如贲门齿状线、十二指肠乳头、胃角、胃窦、胃底等结构)进行大致判断,其结果与内镜光电技术、主动控制技术以及胃肠腔内清洁度、充盈度等因素有关。文章就胶囊内镜对上消化道黏膜观察完整度的研究方法、现状及方向做一综述。