Adverse Childhood Experiences and Suicidal Behaviors Among Youth: The Buffering Influence of Family Communication and School Connectedness

PurposeThe main objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether family communication and school connectedness offer protection against suicidal behaviors in the presence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; direct protective effect) and (2) whether family communication or school connectedness buffer the association between ACEs and suicidal behaviors (interacting protective effect) on the multiplicative and additive scales.MethodsData were obtained from a western state's 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey that included 5,341 middle school and 4,980 high school participants. Generalized linear models were used to estimate whether family communication and school connectedness offered direct protection against suicidal behaviors or buffered the association between ACEs and suicidal behaviors using adjusted prevalence ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsFamily communication and school connectedness offered direct protection against suicidal behaviors in the presence of ACEs (a 1-unit higher score was associated with a 32%–42% lower prevalence of suicidal behaviors for middle school youth and a 27%–39% lower prevalence of suicidal behaviors for high school youth). There was evidence that family communication and school connectedness buffered the association between ACEs and suicidal behaviors on the multiplicative scale.ConclusionsThe findings provide support for the development and implementation of interventions that build family communication and school connectedness to reduce suicidal behaviors. Furthermore, screening for trauma and suicidal behaviors is warranted.     

Mapa de las políticas nutricionales escolares en España

ObjectiveTo systematically describe the school nutritional policies of the 17 autonomous communities of Spain.MethodThrough a search of bibliographic databases, web pages and other official information systems, 183 documents of interest were identified. Information was systematically collected with the SNIPE (school nutrition index of programme effectiveness) questionnaire, adapted to Spain, and validated by reference staff of the regional government's health and education ministries.ResultsThe main objective of the policies is to prevent obesity and improve the nutrition of schoolchildren. The 17 autonomous communities cover the school canteen service, 11 cafeteria and vending machines, and 9 the breakfast service. All communities use the Consensus Document on School Food as a reference for the content of the menu and the nutritional quality of the products offered at the school; however, only 4 of them have regulated these aspects. The evaluation of policy objectives ranges from 58.8% of the autonomous communities for food supply to 5.9% for rotation and menu quality.ConclusionAlthough all the autonomous communities have standards for the school menu, the standards for the rest of the food supply vary across them; also, evaluation of objectives is scarce and only 4 communities have approved mandatory regulations. Nutritional standards should be reviewed according to current scientific knowledge and enacted by law, in compliance with the current legislation (Act 17/2011).     

湘西地区高校大学生性心理健康状况及其影响因素

目的 了解湘西地区高校大学生性心理健康状况及其影响因素,为高校性教育提供理论依据。方法 采用青春期性心理健康量表对随机整群抽样的2 187名大学生进行问卷调查。结果 调查的大学生性心理健康总均分为(3.58±0.39)分,性认知评分为(3.51±0.65)分,性价值观评分为(3.77±0.55)分,性适应评分为(3.53±0.39)分。男生性认知得分为(3.61±0.63)分,高于女生的(3.43±0.65)分,(t=6.441,P<0.001),性价值得分为(3.72±0.57)分,低于女性的(3.82±0.53)分,(t=-4.297,P<0.001);本科生性心理健康各维度得分均高于专科生(t总=7.139,t性认知=6.099,t性价值=3.055,t性适应=6.870;P值均<0.01);医学生性心理健康各维度得分均高于非医学生(t总=48.746,t性认知=65.119,t性价值=52.402,t性适应=11.782;P值均<0.001);父母赞同子女恋爱性健康总分、性认知、性适应分高于反对者(t总=6.058,t性认知=6.477,t性适应=6.793;P值均<0.001);接受性健康教育时间越早各维度得分越高(F总=11.338,F性认知=10.075,F性价值=8.265,F性适应=6.483;P值均<0.01)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,影响性心理健康总分前三位因素是:专业类别、最早接受性健康教育的时间、父母对子女谈恋爱的态度。结论 湘西地区高校大学生性心理健康状况仍待进一步提高,影响大学生性心理健康的因素是多方面的,应根据学生的不同特征及需求开展针对性的教育。     

豫南农村地区青少年校园暴力状况及其与性取向的关联分析

目的 了解豫南农村地区青少年校园暴力状况及性取向对其的影响,为豫南农村地区青少年校园暴力和身心健康干预提供借鉴。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法2019年在豫南农村地区对4214名青少年进行问卷调查。结果 豫南农村地区青少年遭受校园暴力的比例为50.65%。在不同年级、性别、父亲学历、母亲学历、学习成绩、性取向方面学生遭受校园暴力的比例相比较,差异均有统计学意义（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗值分别为21.56、101.65、8.78、9.34、11.94、18.54,P＜0.01）。多因素logistic回归分析表明,同性恋（OR值为1.52,95%CI为1.01~2.28）、双性恋（OR值为1.69,95%CI为1.27~2.22）与青少年遭受校园暴力呈现正相关关系（P＜0.05或0.01）。结论 豫南农村地区青少年校园暴力状况不容乐观,应采取有效干预措施进行暴力行为的干预和引导,同时教导青少年理性面对同性恋或双性恋群体,减少或避免校园暴力的发生。     

长沙市初中生网络成瘾的心理社会因素调查

目的:调查长沙市初中生网络成瘾的发生率,探讨家庭和学校环境、应付方式对中学生网络成瘾的影响。方法:对长沙市的552名初中生进行问卷调查,应用Young网络成瘾诊断量表、家庭关怀度量表、学校满意度量表、应付方式问卷、焦虑、抑郁自评量表进行评估。结果:①580名初中生中,网络成瘾者38人(男生30人,女生8人),网络成瘾的发生率为6.55%。②网络成瘾与未成瘾学生在对学校和家庭满意度、应付方式方面有显著性差异(P<0.05)。③网络成瘾学生的焦虑、抑郁总分均显著高于未成瘾学生(P<0.05)。结论:感觉不到家庭的关怀、对学校生活不满意,焦虑、抑郁严重,遇到应激事件时采用消极的应对方式的初中生容易发生网络成瘾。     

北京市大学生心理卫生状况调研

目的：研究分析北京市大学生心理卫生状况。方法：采用精神症状自评量表（SCL－90），通过分层抽样在北京市选取23所高校，测评了有效样本5220个，并进行了比较分析。结果：被试中至少有一个SCL0－90因子的得分大于或等于3分的学生占16．51％，男、女及不同年级学生间比较，均无显著性差异，但这一比例来自农村的学生高于来自城市的学生，且具有显著性差异；总体上，北京市大学生心理卫生水平差于全国常模，但优于国内其他地区大学；女生、二年级学生以及来自县镇和农村学生的心理卫生问题相对较为突出。结论：大学生心理问题不容忽视。