基层医院基础护理操作中存在的问题及对策

目的提高基层医院临床基础护理操作水平。方法通过探讨基层医院基础护理操作中存在的问题,提出管理和培训对策并加以实施。结果临床基础护理操作达到医院分级管理标准。结论健全教学管理组织,打破传统的质量控制方法;加强对掌握规范操作重要性的认识;改进培训方法;补充新知识、引进新思维等是提高基层医院临床基础护理操作水平的重要举措。     

First‐line nurse managers in university hospitals – captives to their own professional culture?

AIM: This study investigates whether first-line nurse managers in hospitals share common dispositions related to managerial work and leadership, what they are like, and what their relationship is with the various expectations set on them. METHODS: The first data were collected by focus group interviews in the autumn of 2000 and analysed using qualitative content analysis and frame analysis. The second data set were part of a questionnaire survey addressed to the same managers in 2001 with a focus on their diverse leadership roles. RESULTS: Among first-line nurse managers, the management frameworks of a nurturing mother and an administrative nurse displayed the strongest prominence, and the emphasis seemed to be evolving towards the administrative. The results from the survey confirmed the findings of this study in relation to first-line nurse managers' management frameworks. CONCLUSION: The line of development found in this study may add to the permanence of operations and the stability of the operative culture at a university hospital. It may also diminish the opportunities for nursing development in university hospital wards and weaken the potential for a new kind of competence among both managers and their subordinates.     

腹部手术加速康复患者疼痛控制结局影响因素的研究

目的探讨腹部手术加速康复患者疼痛控制结局的影响因素,为改进疼痛控制提供依据。方法2018年5-11月,采用目的抽样法选取浙江省人民医院肝胆胰外科15例接受加速康复的腹部手术患者,以质性研究中现象学方法为指导对其进行半结构式访谈。应用Colaizzi 7步分析法分析资料,归纳出主题。结果通过对访谈资料进行分析,归纳出影响疼痛控制结局的5个主题:活动性疼痛和撤除患者自控镇痛泵后疼痛的管理;止痛治疗不良反应;患者、家属对疼痛及疼痛治疗的认知;疼痛治疗信息支持;非医疗技术服务因素对患者疼痛控制满意度的影响。结论建议探索符合我国国情的急性疼痛服务组织的运作模式,通过多学科协作,加强对腹部手术患者活动性疼痛和撤除患者自控镇痛泵后疼痛的管理,加强对止痛治疗不良反应的预防和治疗,加强对疼痛治疗的信息支持,改变患者及其家属的疼痛及疼痛治疗的认知,注重应用非医疗技术服务因素提高患者对疼痛控制的满意度,改进疼痛控制结局。     

接诊成批特重烧伤病人的护理管理

[目的]探讨接诊成批特重烧伤病人的护理管理方法。[方法]回顾总结2000年1月—2006年2月收治的8批42例特重烧伤病人的护理管理方法。[结果]8批42例病人中,38例病人通过治疗痊愈出院,4例病人因多器官功能衰竭抢救无效死亡。[结论]充分做好病人入院前的准备,合理组织分工,严密观察和处理病人是成功接诊成批特重烧伤病人的关键。     

Promoting positive risk management: evaluation of a risk management panel

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a National Health Service Trust risk management panel (RMP) service was effective in promoting positive risk management by supporting mental health clinicians/teams in their management of people with mental health problems who presented with high risk of harm to themselves or to others. Fifteen mental health workers completed a questionnaire regarding their experience of the RMP. Content analysis revealed several themes. The majority of participants found the RMP helpful because of the support provided by shared case discussion and collective responsibility for risk management offered by the RMP. Medical records of the 23 individuals referred into the RMP were also examined. Trends in diagnoses, risks and RMP recommendations were identified. This study points to the importance of the organization's role alongside the individual clinician's in positive risk management and in supporting people with mental health problems using the recovery model. Improvements in developing a RMP are suggested.     

Nurses' assessment of pain in surgical patients

AIM: This paper reports a study to compare nurses' ratings of pain intensity and suffering (affect) in adult surgical patients with patients' own ratings of these variables, and to investigate whether pain ratings were influenced by cultural and ethnic differences. BACKGROUND: Studies show that postoperative pain continues to be under-treated in a large proportion of cases. The problem may be partly due to inaccurate pain assessment by nurses. METHOD: A convenience sample of 95 patients and 95 nurses in adult surgical units was selected from four hospitals in Jerusalem, Israel in 2003-2004. A questionnaire was administered to each patient by the researcher. The questionnaire included: (a) a Hebrew translation of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire for pain sensation, pain affect, and present pain intensity at rest and on movement; (b) visual analogue scales for overall pain intensity, suffering, and satisfaction with treatment; and (c) demographic and cultural data. Within a few minutes of the patient completing the questionnaire, a nurse who had been allocated to care for that patient made an independent assessment of the patient's pain. The nurse then left the patient's room and filled in the same questionnaire. FINDINGS: Nurses significantly underestimated all dimensions of pain on the above scales, but accurately assessed patient treatment satisfaction. There were no statistically significant effects for cultural and ethnic differences in pain assessment. Both types of clinical area where nurses worked and nurses' level of nursing education were found not to influence their assessment. CONCLUSION: The findings have implications for the management of postoperative pain by highlighting the need for more accurate pain assessment. Further research is required to elucidate the way in which nurses and patients conceptualize pain and to understand better the process of pain assessment in clinical nursing practice.     

Cost and resource implications of clinical supervision in nursing: an Australian perspective

AIM: The aim of this article was to explore the resource and management issues in introducing and maintaining a clinical supervision programme for nurses. BACKGROUND: A number of federal, state and non-governmental agency reports have recently indicted the quality of present-day mental health service provision in Australia. Clinical supervision in nursing has been widely embraced in many parts of the developed world, as a positive contribution to the clinical governance agenda, but remains largely underdeveloped in Australia. METHOD: Using data derived from several empirical clinical supervision research studies conducted in mental health nursing settings, preliminary financial modelling has provided new information for Nurse Managers, about the material implications of implementing clinical supervision. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that, on average, the cost of giving peer group one-to-one supervision to any nurse represented about 1% of an annual salary. When interpreted as a vanishingly small cap on clinical nursing practice necessary to reap demonstrable benefits, it behoves Nurse Managers to comprehend clinical supervision as bona fide nursing work, not an activity which is separate from nursing work.     

Occupational violence and assault in mental health nursing: a scoping project for a Victorian Mental Health Service

The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of occupational assault against nurses at a Victorian Mental Health Service, including inpatient units and community teams. The results of this study will assist in developing strategies to minimize the occurrence of occupational assault and, more importantly, its impact for nursing staff. A survey methodology was used. All nurses from two adult acute psychiatric inpatient units as well as those from the community-based teams were invited to participate in a single survey (n = 90). The sample group for this research included all nursing staff from both inpatient units and community services. High levels of occupational violence against nurses overall and in the past year, underreporting of incidents, and high levels of staff fear are prominent findings of this study. There needs to be a total review of all policy relating to occupational violence with special focus given to the results of this study. The areas of risk management, training, sanctioning, and incident reporting should head the list, as well as addressing staff culture. Universally adopting a zero tolerance approach to occupational violence suggests that it is far from being part of the job. Further, management should consider a comprehensive orientation package that informs patients and their significant others about the role of the treating team. Communicating adequately with patients and their significant others is needed to clarify expectations and to avoid frustration and angry outbursts.     

运用质量管理工具降低护理不良事件发生率

目的通过分析我院护理不良事件发生的种类及引发因素,制定相应护理对策,从而降低护理不良事件的发生率。方法针对我院2014年非惩罚性上报护理部的42例护理不良事件,运用质量管理工具进行分析,提出整改措施并实施。结果通过实施改进措施后,护理不良事件发生率明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论质量管理工具使护理管理者抓住重点,有针对性地实施改进措施,有效降低护理不良事件发生率。     

Relocating an intensive care unit: An exploratory qualitative study

BackgroundAs new hospitals are built to replace old and ageing facilities, intensive care units are being constructed with single patient rooms rather than open plan environments. While single rooms may limit hospital infections and promote patient privacy, their effect on patient safety and work processes in the intensive care unit requires greater understanding. Strategies to manage changes to a different physical environment are also unknown.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify challenges and issues as perceived by staff related to relocating to a geographically and structurally new intensive care unit.MethodsThis exploratory ethnographic study, underpinned by Donabedian's structure, process and outcome framework, was conducted in an Australian tertiary hospital intensive care unit. A total of 55 participants including nurses, doctors, allied health professionals, and support staff participated in the study. We conducted 12 semi-structured focus group and eight individual interviews, and reviewed the hospital's documents specific to the relocation. After sorting the data deductively into structure, process and outcome domains, the data were then analysed inductively to identify themes.FindingsThree themes emerged: understanding of the relocation plan, preparing for the uncertainties and vulnerabilities of a new work environment, and acknowledging the need for change and engaging in the relocation process.Discussion and conclusionsA systematic change management strategy, dedicated change leadership and expertise, and an effective communication strategy are important factors to be considered in managing ICU relocation. Uncertainty and staff anxiety related to the relocation must be considered and supports put in place for a smooth transition. Work processes and model of care that are suited to the new single room environment should be developed, and patient safety issues in the single room setting should be considered and monitored. Future studies on managing multidisciplinary work processes during intensive care unit relocation will add to the learnings we report here.