菏泽市社区人群有关性病、艾滋病的知识、态度、行为的调查分析

目的了解菏泽市社区人群中有关性病、艾滋病(STDs／AIDS)的知识、态度、行为的现状,有针对性地开展STDs／AIDS防治宣传活动和全民健康教育。方法于1999年8月～9月对菏泽市社区人群进行了STDs／AIDS有关知识(K)态度(A)、行为(P)及影响因素的抽样调查,利用自行设计的KAP量表进行分析。结果居民STDs／AIDS知识水平偏低,但所持态度比较正确,高危行为少。同时显示受教育程度和知识与行为相关有显性,知识作为前置因素对行为影响显。结论认为社区人群STDs／AIDS防治态度较积极,应抓住时机加强以性道德教育为中心的卫生宣教,其最佳宣传形式为广播电视、报纸书刊。     

某区婚检人群艾滋病性病知识干预效果评价

目的：通过妇幼保健系统对成都市龙泉区婚检人群进行艾滋病性病预防的宣传干预，并对其效果进行评价。方法：随机抽取在成都市龙泉区妇幼保健院进行婚前检查的男女，进行艾滋病性病知识的宣传干预，收集干预前后的调查问卷，分析干预对该婚检人群艾滋病性病预防知识和态度的影响。结果：干预后，目标人群对艾滋病性病的认知程度显著提高，如预防性传播艾滋病的知晓率由干预前的54．55％显著提高到干预后的95．59％，对预防母婴传播艾滋病的知晓率由干预前的3．36％到干预后的83。24％；同时，干预对象对艾滋病和艾滋病人的态度有明显改变，如对不用隔离艾滋病感染者的知晓率由干预前的33．33％到干预后的70．11％。结论：发挥和利用妇幼保健系统婚检和婚前教育的优势，实施艾滋病性病预防的宣传干预，具有可持续性和易操作性，干预效果好，利于推广应用。     

Condom misuse among adjudicated girls: associations with laboratory-confirmed chlamydia and gonorrhea

OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of condom use errors among detained female teens and to test two inter-related hypotheses concerning condom failure. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 134 female teens recruited within eight detention facilities. Measures were collected using audio-computer assisted self-interviewing. Assessment for the presence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae was also conducted. RESULTS: Five forms of condom use errors/problems were common: not discussing condom use with the partner (34.3%), not having a condom when one was desired (48.5%), starting sex before application (21.6%), removing condoms before sex concludes (26.9%), and breakage (32.8%). Significant, associations were found between condom errors/problems and drug/alcohol use. Errors/problems with condom use were significantly higher among teens diagnosed with an sexually transmitted disease (STD) (P = 0.039 for an index measure; P = 0.022 for a single-item measure). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that detained female teens may have experienced multiple condom use error and problems thereby increasing their vulnerability to STD acquisition.     

上海某区性病传报资料分析

目的：对上海某区三年性病传报资料进行分析讨论。方法：对性病患者相关资料进行统计分析。结果：性病高发病年龄在（20—49）岁，男女患者比为1．49：1，女性非淋菌性尿，阴道炎和尖锐湿疣发病率高于男性，自由流动职业群体生殖器疱疹发病率明显高。结论：年龄为（18-49）岁，从事自由流动职业人员是性病高发病群体，他们也是预防控制性病工作的重点和难点，应对他们加强综合监测和行为干预，还应规范性病诊治行为。     

2007年潍坊市部分公共场所从业人员性传播疾病相关知识调查

目的了解公共场所从业人员性传播疾病相关知识的知晓情况。方法2007年在潍坊市疾病预防控制中心门诊部对前来办理健康证的从业人员进行问卷调查。结果调查商场服务员400人,宾馆服务人员622人,性传播疾病总知晓率分别为78.62%和72.72%,94.75%的商场服务员和43.25%的宾馆服务人员赞成将性传播疾病列入公共场所重点人群健康检查的必检项目。结论公共场所从业人员性传播疾病知晓率较低,对性传播疾病的认识有待提高。     

丽江市古城区娱乐场所性工作者HIV、梅毒监测报告

[目的]为了解古城区娱乐场所女性性工作者中性病／艾滋病的分布及其发生频率、现状和流行趋势，为古城区防治性病／艾滋病策略提供依据。[方法]按照全国AIDS／STD检测工作规范要求，对女性性服务人群进行检测。[结果]对483名娱乐场所女性性工作者进行监测，查出艾滋病病毒感染者4例，梅毒4例。[结论]在女性性工作者中检出率较高，应加大对女性高危人群的干预力度，增强其自我保护意识，推广使用安全套，规范性病诊治，加大对古城区预防控制艾滋病／性病传播的有力措施。     

建筑业劳务输出人员性病艾滋病影响因素定性研究

目的了解建筑业劳务输出人员性病艾滋病相关危险行为及其影响因素,为该人群的性病艾滋病防治工作提供依据。方法采用半结构式访谈方法,对劳务输出人员、劳务公司负责人、中介公司老板、南通市对外贸易经济合作局、当地疾病预防控制中心的相关工作人员等26名关键知情人进行访谈。结果商业性行为是建筑劳务输出人员感染性病艾滋病的主要高危行为,其影响因素包括劳务输出地的性服务市场情况、企业管理制度的执行力度、同伴影响、经济收入、艾滋病知识认知不足以及工人的自身素质等。结论应重视劳务输出人员性病艾滋病的防制,并采取适当的干预措施减少高危行为的发生。     

铁路公共场所及饮食服务人员性病艾滋病健康教育

目的探索铁路公共场所及饮食服务从业人员显效、实用的性病艾滋病健康教育方法,为制定该人群性病艾滋病健康教育策略提供依据。方法将从业人员分为6组,1～5组分别采用不同教育方法开展性病艾滋病健康教育,6组为对照组。教育前后进行性病艾滋病知信行问卷调查,统计分析各组答卷情况,评估教育效果。结果健康教育活动前总体得分为54.86分,教育后得分为72.95分;不同教育方法效果不同,第5组(互动式讲座组)教育效果最好,教育前后得分变化率可达100%。结论采用"互动式讲座"教育方法,配以发放宣传资料、观看图片、展览等形式,可以尽快提高人群认知水平和防范意识,是实用、显效的健康教育行为干预方法。     

深圳市2005年性病流行病学分析

[目的]分析深圳市2005年性病的发病情况，评估性病流行规律，为制定预防控制对策提供依据。[方法]对深圳市2005年《国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统》疫情数据，以及各区每月上报的性病疫情数据及人口数据进行统计分析。[结果]2005年深圳市共报告性传播疾病24092例，较2004年增加5719例，增长了31．13％；其中，生殖器疱疹增长幅度最大（68．87％），其次为AIDS／HIV（60．60％）、梅毒（48．02％）。性病发病仍集中在20～39岁，男性发病人数高于女性。本地人口居多。文化程度以中学为主，职业构成工人所占比例最大，已婚比未婚者多，传播途径以非婚性接触为主。[结论]加大性病预防与控制力度，加强性病踌治管理，广泛开展健康教育和高危人群行为干预，提高公民防治性病意识，遏制性病的进一步蔓延。     

Compliance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Little is known about gaps in quality and the extent to which clinical standards are used in emergency department (ED) practice. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether ED practitioners comply with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for diagnosing and treating sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). METHODS: A retrospective chart review of ED visits was conducted at an urban teaching hospital. Using ICD-9 codes, urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), gonorrhea, and chlamydia cases seen from May 1, 2000, to February 28, 2001, were identified. Documentation of components of the history, physical examination, diagnostic testing, prescribed antibiotics, and discharge instructions necessary to comply with the CDC guidelines were abstracted. This set of comprehensive criteria was compared with a less stringent subset of selected criteria. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-six patient visits were identified, and 203 (83%) were included. Forty-eight men and 155 women were included: 48 (24%) with urethritis, 34 (17%) with cervicitis, and 121 (60%) with PID. For urethritis, cervicitis, and PID, respectively, there was documentation of compliance with indicators related to the following: history 73%, 15%, and 14%; physical examinations 63%, 15%, and 22%; diagnostic testing 79%, 71%, and 71%; antibiotic use 33%, 32%, and 32%; and safe sex instructions 50%, 18%, and 15% of the time. Men were more likely to receive safe sex instructions (p < or = 0.01). Total (100%) compliance in all five domains occurred 8% of the time for urethritis, 3% for cervicitis, and never for PID. The rates of 100% compliance were not significantly different when a subset of selected criteria was used. CONCLUSIONS: Deficits in adherence to recommended guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of STDs exist in ED practice.