270名暗娼性病／艾滋病现状调查与分析

目的了解某市收容教育所卖淫女学员的社会人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识，行为和态度及性传播疾病感染情况，为商业性性服务小姐的干预工作提供指导依据。方法对该市收容教育所270名卖淫女学员进行一对一问卷调查，同时进行性传播疾病感染检测。结果收容所暗娼艾滋病相关知识知晓率为64．07％。入所前商业性性行为中“最近一次”安全套使用率为81．1％，“最近一个月”每次使用安全套的比例为63％，从未使用的比例为5．6％。入所前最后一个交易日接客数最多10个，平均1．56个。性传播疾病阳性率为51，1％，其中HIV抗体阳性率为3．3％。不同场所的暗娼在社会人口学、商业性性行为、安全套使用方面存在差异。结论不同场所问HIV／AIDS和STD感染无差异，不同类型场所均是艾滋病干预的重点。“街头”暗娼更易受到性病、艾滋病威胁。     

Gendered construction of sexual risks: implications for safer sex among young people in Kenya and Sweden

This study compared perceptions of sexual risk and sexual practices among youth in Kenya and Sweden. Self-generated questions on the body, perceptions of sexual risk and sexual practices were collected in Kenya while focus group discussions and individual interviews on these same issues were used in Sweden. The most striking differences between the two countries were in the level of knowledge on matters of sexuality and the ability to talk with ease on these matters. The refusal in Kenya to provide adolescents with information and services has left the 'safe period' as their only protective option and pregnancy as the overriding concern. Communication at the partner level and lack of condom use are problematic in both countries and even where access to information and preventive services exist, these may not be used optimally. In both countries, boys had more sexual freedom, while girls were controlled through labelling and rumours, and girls were assigned responsibility for safer sex. We conclude that sexual education should be based more broadly on an understanding of the social norms defining sexual behaviour. It is at the level of sexual relations that the tensions between culturally-defined sexual and gender norms and public health assumptions should be addressed, a level at which health policy and education are silent in both countries.     

Contraceptive Methods: Needs, Options and Utilization

Objectives

Background-Contraception is the intentional prevention of conception through the use of various devices, sexual practices, chemicals, drugs or surgical procedures. An effective contraception allows a physical relationship without fear of an unwanted pregnancy and ensures freedom to have children when desired. The aim is to achieve contraception in maximum comfort and privacy, with minimum cost and side effects. Some methods, like male and female condoms, also provide twin advantage of protection from sexually transmitted diseases. The burden of unsafe abortion lies primarily in developing countries. Here, contraceptive prevalence is measured among currently married women of reproductive age, and levels have not yet reached those that exist in developed countries.

Conclusion

In countries like India, there is a dire need for contraceptive methods to be more women friendly, accessible and provide adequate privacy. Providers also need to be sensitive to special needs of adolescents as they are at a critically vulnerable segment.     

小城镇卖淫妇女性病艾滋病预防干预研究--三年后我们学到了什么?(一)

目的探索在我国小城镇中如何减少卖淫妇女人群感染性传播疾病的危险.方法通过干预实施研究,设计在小城镇卖淫妇女中开展干预的目标和策略,并初步评价实施这些干预策略的效果.结果本文分两部分.第一部分主要报告三个研究现场的背景、研究的基本设计和实施.第二部分,见下期同题(二).结论见下期同题(二).     

小城镇卖淫妇女性病艾滋病预防干预研究--三年后我们学到了什么(二)

目的探索如何减少小城镇卖淫妇女感染性传播疾病的危险.方法(本文是全篇的第二部分)用干预前后重复横断面问卷调查和访谈等方法评价本研究的干预方案对妇女知识、态度和行为的影响.结果三个干预社区卖淫妇女的性病艾滋病知识提高,多因素分析显示知识的改善与干预活动有关.有两个社区的妇女安全套使用行为也改善.结论对小城镇卖淫妇女以出访为主的行为干预是可行而且有效的.本文还讨论了此干预研究得到的经验教训.     

167例女性吸毒者性行为和三种性传播疾病感染调查分析

目的：了解广州市女性吸毒人群性行为和三种性传播疾病感染情况。方法：对167例女性吸毒的性行为进行问卷调查和三种性传播疾病（淋病、尖锐湿疣、梅毒）的临床和实验室检查。结果：女性吸毒主要以未婚的性活跃年龄段（20岁－29岁）为主,且98．10％未婚吸毒曾有过性行为;167名吸毒女性中,每次性交均使用避孕套的仅有4．79％;检出性病24例,检出率为25．15％,三种性病依次为梅毒19．16％,淋病7．78％,尖锐湿疣1．20％,其中有4例混合感染。结论：女性吸毒性病感染情况严重,是性病传播尤其是梅毒传播的高危人群。     

性传播疾病的预防与健康教育和健康促进

目的探讨通过健康教育和健康促进预防性传播疾病。方法本着防治结合原则,强化政府职能作用,疾控部门积极运作,发挥社区卫生服务优势,加强心理与道德的教育等几个方面做好健康教育和健康促进工作。结果健康教育和健康促进对性传播疾病非常重要。结论通过健康教育和健康促进性传播疾病是可以得到控制的。     

Risky sexual behaviors among sexually active first-year students matriculating at a historically Black college: Is a positive self-image an instigator?

A sample of 498 sexually active first-year students matriculating at a historically Black college in North Carolina was used to determine correlates of risky sexual behaviors. In an Ordinary Least Squares regression, the self-esteem element “I take a positive attitude toward myself” (B = 1.12, p = .05), non-condom use because of partner issues (B = .53, p = .05) and being drunk or high (B = 1.20, p = .001), oral sex (B = 1.74, p = .001), anal sex (B = .61, p = .04), and bisexuality (B = .85, p = .03) all increased the number of these behaviors. Higher scores on the condom usage scale (B = –.38, p = .002) were found to decrease the number of risky sexual behaviors. Illicit drug use was an underpinning of the surprisingly positive relationship between positive self-image and risky sexual behaviors. It was concluded that school-based social workers, mental health care professionals, and community-based prevention providers can play a critical role in the training of peer facilitators, development, and supervision of peer-driven risk-reduction programs to address the complex interplay among self-esteem, sex, and substances.     

万州区1996～2005年性病监测

[目的]了解万州区1996～2005年性病流行病学特征,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。[方法]对1996～2005年性病疫情报告和流行病学资料进行统计分析。[结果]万州区性病疫情呈明显上升趋势,病例分布:20～40岁人群,占76.76%、男性占60.62%、中学文化占75.62%。传播途径以性传播为主,占69.83%。[结论]加强性病防治宣传、规范性病门诊和性病监测以及各部门协力合作的综合防治措施,是控制万州区性病传播和流行的关键。     

Factors influencing HPV vaccination status in a Latino population; and parental attitudes towards vaccine mandates

We performed a retrospective cohort study in a largely Latino population in Los Angeles, surveying 95 parents of 11–17 year old girls between May and June 2008 to examine factors associated with [1] parental consent for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) immunization one year after vaccine implementation and [2] parental support of an HPV vaccine mandate for adolescents prior to middle school entry. 73% of participants had heard of the HPV vaccine and 37% of daughters had already received the vaccine. Variables associated with vaccination included Latino ethnicity, the belief that vaccines are safe, and that HPV vaccine prevents cervical cancer. The most frequent reasons for refusing vaccination included parental request for more information and missed opportunities in clinic. Variables associated with parents agreeing with a law mandating HPV vaccination included: belief in vaccine safety, recent maternal Pap Smear, HPV vaccination of participant's daughter prior to survey, and Latino ethnicity. Our survey supports the work of previous studies recommending continued educational campaigns emphasizing the safety of HPV vaccine, and its efficacy in reducing cervical cancer.