SPF在工程项目数据管理中的应用

随着信息技术应用的迅速发展,工程项目的交付方式也出现了一种新的趋势,承包商在物理工厂交付的同时,还要实现数字化工厂的交付,各工程公司的传统管理模式也都面临着巨大的挑战。采用SPF(SmartPlant Foundation)作为工程项目的数据管理平台,根据项目需求的进行客户化的开发,可为项目的实施提供准确、有效的数据支撑,为项目数据集成交付的实现创造条件。     

Alternative evaluation method in vitro for the water-resistant effect of sunscreen products

Background/purpose: Sunscreen products today represent a trend of providing not only simple sun protection factor (SPF)/protection of UVA (PFA) but also other additional benefits. For example, as popularized by seasonless use of sunscreens, the special function of water resistance or sand proof is added to sunscreens as well as for leisure. Because a human in vivo test is time consuming and expensive, a screening process has been tried using an accurate in vitro system. In this study, we suggest the development of an in vitro test that can predict the result of in vivo water resistance of sunscreens. Methods: Water resistance is presented as a comparison of initial SPF and water‐exposed SPF by immersion and washing. In order to be comparable with the in vivo test, water immersion and flow were defined as the basic statements. Also, substrate, revolutions per minute (r.p.m.) – rotative velocity – of propeller inducing water flow, and time of immersion were defined as controlled factors. Considering the strength, separation of test material and adhesive texture, a PMMA plate was selected as suitable among commercial substrates: Transpore tape?, VITRO SKIN, and PMMA plate. Also, when the PMMA plate was adhered on the wall of a water bath, the water turbulence of the rotational propeller alone was not strong enough to wash off the test material from the substrate. Therefore, PMMA plates were fixed on the axis. In this experiment, the most important thing is whether this in vitro system can predict correctly. Hence, we tried to match the in vitro water resistance following from our control factors and water resistance value of the in vivo test. Results: We found the immersion time and r.p.m. of controlled factors to obtain the target water resistance using design of experiment, MiniTab statistical package. Response optimization yielded the optimal in vitro conditions of 150 r.p.m./60 min. The repeatability and reproducibility of this in vitro system were also good in validation studies. Conclusions: This study enables to modify an in vivo water resistance test and predict the result of in vivo water resistance by the manufacture of effective equipment and choosing a suitable substrate. Compared with in vivo results, our in vitro system is more time and cost effective, and provides reliable results.     

胃癌细胞DNA含量和细胞增殖比率与胃癌生物学行为关系的研究

目的:为了了解胃癌的生物学行为.方法:采用DNA/角蛋白双参数流式细胞术测定50例胃癌细胞DNA含量、S期及G_2/M期细胞比率,并就其与胃癌生物学特性进行分析.结果:二倍体癌,浆膜受侵者S期细胞比率明显高于未受侵者(P<0.05).异倍体癌,浆膜受侵者G_2/M期细胞比率明显高于未受侵者(P<0.05),团块状生长者G_2/M期细胞比率明显高于弥漫状生长者(P<0.05),淋巴结转移阳性者G_2,/M加期细胞比率明显高于阴性者(P<0.05),淋巴结转移枚数多于5枚者的S和G_2/M期细胞比率分别明显高于淋巴结转移阴性和转移枚数少于5枚者(P<0.05),淋巴结转移至第Ⅱ站以远者G_2/M期细胞比率明显高于淋巴结转移阴性和转移至第Ⅰ站者(P<0.05).结论:胃癌细胞DNA含量和细胞增殖比率与胃癌生物学行为确有一定关系.     

SPF级KM小鼠主要脏器重量和血液生化值的测定

目的：建立本实验动物中心SPF级KM小鼠主要脏器,血液及血生化等指标的背景资料,并分析比较雌雄之间的差异。方法：（1）选取同日龄出生的SPF乳鼠200只,雌雄各半,分别在28、56、114日龄时随机抽取60只（雌雄各半）,活体称重,依次剖取心、肝等主要脏器器官称重,计算脏器系数。（2）同时采集28日龄SPF小鼠60只（雌雄各半）的血液,作血液学和血生化测定。结果：（1）同期雌、雄小鼠的心、肝、肺、肾、胸腺脏器系数差异显著（P〈0．01）;随着日龄增长心、肝、脾、肾、肾上腺和胸腺系数变小,但睾丸、附睾、卵巢和子宫系数增大。（2）28日龄雌、雄小鼠血液学检查表明HCT和PLT有差异（P〈0．05）;血生化检测表明ALT、AST、AKP、GLU、TG之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但CRE、TC、BUN结果差异显著（P〈0．01）。结论：性别因素对脏器重量、脏器系数以及血液、血生化指标都有一定的影响。     

不同月龄SPF级SD雌性大鼠主要脏器参数的研究

目的：探讨SD雌性大鼠的体重、脏器重量及其指数的正常值范围。方法：选用1月龄的雌性大鼠74只,分别于2、3、4、7、8月龄时测定其体重及10个主要脏器重量,并计算其脏器指数。结果：从2月龄至8月龄,雌鼠心,肝,肾,脑,肾上腺的重量均明显增长,而胸腺重量显著降低。然而由于体重增长等因素,其心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、胸腺以及肾上腺等指数均明显降低。结论：SPF级SD雌性大鼠主要脏器及其指数可反映其结构变化以及生理功能状态。     

SPF、清洁及普通级大鼠部分生物学特性的比较

本实验选用体重２００５±１２．３ｇ的ＳＰＦ、清洁及普通级Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠各２０只,雌雄各半,分别测定了１２项血液学指标、１０项血清生化指标、１１～１２项脏器相对重量,并对２４个脏器进行了组织学检查,对空肠粘膜进行了超微结构观察,所得结果在不同等级大鼠之间进行比较。     

Atypical quartz dust-induced pneumoconiosis in SPF rats

Summary Experimental exposure to quartz dust for 100 days (= 700h) induces in SPF rats histologic changes of the lungs, which have such striking similarities with human cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis that they may represent an animal model of human disease. Conventional stock rats, the standard model of experimental silicosis research, react upon the same dosage of quartz dust by the formation or an increase in size of perivascular lymphatic sheaths, in which epitheloid cell granulomas can arise. In SPF rats such granulomas can only be developed in the sparse pre-existent lymphatic tissue, mostly in hilar lymph nodes. The reaction of SPF rats opens an interesting aspect on the significance of the phenomenon of lymphatic drainage, as comparable reactions are only known in conventional rats following extreme dosage and in human pathology as so-called acute silicoproteinosis.

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Zusammenfassung Unter experimenteller Quarzstaub-Exposition zeigen SPF-Ratten nach 100 Tagen Versuchsdauer histologische Lungenveränderungen, die bis zum Modellcharakter reichende Gemeinsamkeiten haben mit dem Bild der Alveolarproteinose der menschlichen Pathologie.Konventionell aufgezogene Ratten, das Standard-Modell der experimentellen Silikose-Forschung, reagieren bei gleicher Dosierung mit einer Vermehrung perivasculärer Lymphgewebs-Manschetten im Lungenparenchym, in denen es zur Ausbildung von Epitheloidzell-Granulomen kommt. In SPF-Ratten treten solche Granulome nur auf im spärlichen präexistenten lymphatischen Gewebe, meist also nur in hilären Lymphknoten. Die Reaktion der SPF-Ratten eröffnet einen interessanten Aspekt auf die Bedeutung des Phänomens der lymphatischen Lungenreinigung. Denn vergleichbare Reaktionen kennt man bei konventionellen Ratten nur unter extremer Dosierung sowie in der menschlichen Pathologie als sogenannte akute Siliko-Proteinose.

     

多个SPF鸡品系的RAPD分析

目的用RAPD方法分析三个品系SPF鸡的遗传变异,以指导SPF鸡群的育种工作.方法对三个SPF鸡品系F、M及B系和对照H纯系分别采血样30个,等量混匀为三个混合样,提取DNA,筛选随机引物,优化反应体系后进行PCR扩增,计算品系内平均相似系数,根据品系间遗传距离进行聚类分析并绘制树状聚类图.结果60个随机引物中有13个产生清晰稳定的多态条带,B系品系内平均相似系数为0.903,F系和M系分别为0.673和0.755,H系为0.968;聚类分析的结果是每个品系的三个样品先聚为一类,然后F系与M系、B系与对照H系分别聚为一类.结论F系和M系的纯合程度均较低,而B系较高;F系与M系的遗传距离较近,而与B系之间距离较远,三者亲缘关系以F系与M系较近,这与各个品系的引种背景相一致.     

Center for the Polyurethanes Industry summary of unpublished industrial hygiene studies related to the evaluation of emissions of spray polyurethane foam insulation

Spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation is used as thermal insulation for residential and commercial buildings. It has many advantages over other forms insulation; however, concerns have been raised related to chemical emissions during and after application. The American Chemistry Council's (ACC's) Center for the Polyurethanes Industry (CPI) has gathered previously unpublished industrial hygiene air sampling studies submitted by member companies that were completed during an eight-year period from 2007–2014. These studies address emissions from medium density closed cell and low density open cell formulations. This article summarizes the results of personal and area air samples collected during application and post application of SPF to interior building surfaces in both laboratory and field environments. Chemicals of interest included: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), flame retardants, amine catalysts, blowing agents, and aldehydes. Overall, the results indicate that SPF applicators and workers in close proximity to the application are potentially exposed to MDI in excess of recommended and governmental occupational exposure limits and should use personal protective equipment (PPE) consisting of air supplied respirators and full-body protective clothing to reduce exposure. Catalyst emissions can be reduced by using reactive catalysts in SPF formulations, and mechanical ventilation is important in controlling emissions during and after application.     

Studies on naturally occurring infectious bursal disease viruses suggest that a single amino acid substitution at position 253 in VP2 increases pathogenicity

Three classic IBDV strains were previously isolated from commercial layer chicken flocks and shown to be phylogenetically related to vaccine strains but pathogenic in susceptible chickens. In this study, their viral genomes were sequenced and compared to sequences of vaccines being used in those flocks. The vaccine strains examined were sequenced directly from the manufacturer and had identical genome segment B sequences. Compared to these vaccines, the GA-1, H-30 and CS-2-35 isolates each had one silent mutation in the gene that encodes VP1. Compared to the two vaccines used at the time CS-2-35 was isolated, the segment A sequence of CS-2-35 contained numerous nucleotide and amino acid mutations suggesting the CS-2-35 virus was not closely related to these vaccines. This virus however did have amino acid mutations in VP2 that are reported to be necessary for replication in cell culture and lacked two of the three amino acid mutations previously shown to be necessary for virulence. These data suggest that CS-2-35 was a descendant from an attenuated strain of IBDV. When the segment A genomic sequences of the GA-1 and H-30 viruses were compared to the vaccines being used in those flocks they were most closely related to the attenuated D78 vaccine strain. In genome segment A, three nucleotide mutations in GA-1 and four in H-30 were observed compared to the D78 classic vaccine. These nucleotide mutations caused one amino acid (H253N) change in the GA-1 virus and two amino acids (H253Q and G259D) were different in the H-30 virus. In addition, both the GA-1 and H-30 viruses had the amino acid G76 in VP2 that appears to be unique to the vaccine D78. The data suggest that GA-1 and H-30 are genetically related and have a common ancestor even though they were isolated from geographically distant flocks. The evidence also suggests that GA-1, H-30 and CS-2-35 could be reversions from attenuated vaccine viruses or by coincidence genetically resemble classic IBDV vaccines. It should be noted that some of the classic virus vaccines were not being used according to the manufacturer's recommendations at the time the GA-1, H-30 and CS-2-35 strains were isolated. Together, the molecular and pathogenicity data indicate that a single amino acid mutation from Histidine (H) to Glutamine (Q) or Asparagine (N) at position 253 in VP2 will markedly increase the virulence of an attenuated IBDV.