Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma with lymphoid stroma

Summary We treated a 70-year-old Japanese man with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus with evidence of lymphoid stroma. The tumour consisted of a main lesion invading the muscular layer of the oesophagus, in association with wide areas of carcinoma in situ. The tumour stroma of the lesion was nondesmoplastic and was uniformly infiltrated mainly by abundant lymphocytes and plasma cells. Immunohistochemically, the lymphocytes consisted of a large number of T lymphocytes and a small number of B lymphocytes. S-100 protein positive cells were marked in the tumour cell nests and necrotic change of tumour cells was frequent. Abundant infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells was also wide-spread beneath the carcinoma in situ, together with the lymphoid follicles. Carcinoma with lymphoid stroma can occur not only in the breast, uterine cervix, nasopharynx and stomach but also in the oesophagus.     

A case of dysmyelopoietic syndrome with hypotetraploid karyotype

We present a patient with dysmyelopoietic syndrome and with a complex, hypotetraploid karyotype with numerous structural aberrations.     

Ultrastructural studies on the localization of IgG in the aortic endothelium and subendothelial intima of atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic rabbits

Immunoelectron microscopy with peroxidase-conjugated Fab fragments of anti-IgG was used for studying the localization of IgG in the aortic endothelium and subendothelial intima of atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic rabbits. Small amounts of IgG were found in the cell coat, in caveolae and vesicles, and also in intercellular clefts of endothelial cells from normocholesterolemic rabbits. Injured endothelial cells exhibited prominent accumulations of IgG in the cytoplasmic matrix, possibly due to leakage through plasma membrane defects. In atherosclerotic lesions from hypercholesterolemic rabbits, there was a striking increase in the amount of IgG-reactive material in the cell coat and vesicles of intact endothelial cells. Also in these animals, injured endothelial cells were characterized by a cytoplasmic IgG accumulation. There were prominent IgG depositions in the subendothelial zone of the lesions. IgG was adhering to collagen fibers, and also coating the surfaces of subendothelial foam cells. The pathophysiological significance of an interaction between such intimal IgG and phagocytes is discussed.     

采用MDA-MB-231细胞膜进行表皮生长因子受体活性的检测

目的　探讨能否直接利用肿瘤细胞膜进行表皮生长因子受体 (Epidermalgrowthfactorreceptor,EGFR)催化活性检测。方法　首先筛选出EGFR基因表达水平相对较高的细胞株MDA MB 2 31,通过差速离心制备细胞膜 ,采用Westernblotting检测EGFR催化磷酸化的程度。结果　底物被磷酸化 ,加入特异性拮抗剂AG14 78后 ,磷酸化被抑制。结论　利用肿瘤细胞膜检测EGFR活性的设想是成立的 ,并且其方法简便、经济。     

Cytogenetic studies of bone marrow and extramedullary tissues and clinical course during metamorphosis of chronic myelocytic leukemia

Of 33 consecutive patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia, examined during metamorphosis, 82% showed chromosome abnormalities in addition to the Ph1. Aberrations most frequently encountered were +8 (39%), +22q - (30%), and i(17q) (18%). Translocations other than the Ph1 were observed in four cases and - Y clones in four cases. Discrepancies in the cytogenetic pattern between bone marrow and extramedullary tissues or blood were noted in a total of 15 patients. In six cases, transformation occurred in extramedullary organs at a time when it was not present in the marrow. In three cases the bone marrow transformation was preceded by a lymph node blastic infiltrate; in one case, by a skin infiltrate; and in one case, by a subdural blastoma. Clonal abnormalities additional to the Ph1 were identified in the tumor tissue from all these cases. Patients with primary extramedullary transformation tended to have a lower median age at onset of metamorphosis, shorter survival, and higher incidence of chromosome abnormalities than the cases without extramedullary involvement. Patients with only Ph1-positive cells and no other anomalies had a slightly longer duration of metamorphosis and longer total survival. Basophilia and thrombocytopenia were more marked in cases with i(17q) than in the rest of the series.     

Immunocytochemical study of human lymphoid tissues with monoclonal antibodies against S-100 protein subunits

Summary The present study concerns the immunocytochemical localization of S-100 protein and subunits in the cells of human lymphoreticular tissue and their related tumours. The subunit is mainly localized in dendritic cells, most likely the dendritic reticulum cells (DRCs) located within the germinal centers, while the subunit is mainly localized in the interdigitating reticulum cells (IRCs) in the paracortical area and in Histiocytosis X cells. No immunoreactivity for either subunit was found in the majority of normal lymphocytes, macrophages, malignant lymphoma cells, or xanthoma cells.The DRCs and IRCs are generally considered to show different distribution in the lymphoid tissues and demonstrate some difference in their immunocytochemical and enzyme-histochemical features. It is suggested that S-100 subunits can be used as useful markers for these two types of dendritic cells and investigation of these subunits may provide more information for the study of human lymphoreticular system.     

The biopsychosocial approach: Clinical examples from a consultation-liaison service

In this second of three articles exploring Engel's biopsychosocial model, five case histories illustrate how psychological factors, sometimes related to organic trauma or illness, may precipitate psychiatric conditions. The patients’ disorders, and their management by a consultation-liaison team, demonstrate the interaction of biologic, psychological, and social systems in assessment and treatment of disease.     

Immunohistochemistry of folliculo-stellate cells in normal human adenohypophyses and in pituitary adenomas

Summary Presence and distribution of S-100 protein (S-100), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin polypeptides, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, actin, lysozyme and pituitary hormones (prolactin, hGH, ACTH, -FSH, -LH, -TSH, alpha subunit) in folliculo-stellate cells (FSC) were studied in seven normal human pituitary glands and 28 pituitary adenomas using peroxidase-antiperoxidase and the avidin-biotin immunohistochemical techniques. Approximately 5% of the cells of the adenohypophysis were agranular, non-hormon-producing FSC most of which showed a conspicuous and strong reaction with S-100 antibodies but some were, in addition, GFAP- and vimentin-positive. In contrast to endocrine cells (EC), FSC were not decorated by antibodies to NSE or cytokeratins. In addition to supportive functions, these cells, due to their close special relationship to EC, seem to have transport and other metabolic functions yet to be elucidated. By their S-100 reactivity and their distribution FSC are comparable to glial cells of the central and schwann and satellite cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as to supportive cells in neuroendocrine organs and related tumors (e.g., pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, carcinoids). With one exception, S-100 reactive FSC were not found in pituitary adenomas. The immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein in pituitary tissue is, therefore, a reliable aid in the discrimination between adenomas and normal pituitary tissue, particularly in small and poorly preserved specimens. In one adenoma FSC were found in addition to ACTH-producing tumor cells. This seems to be an extremely rare event suggesting a combination tumor.Supported in part by Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (no. 4708) to H. Denk     

神经系统特异性蛋白质在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中的诊断价值

目的 评价缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）新生儿脑脊液（CSF）和血浆中神经元特异性稀醇化酶（NSE）、S-100蛋白（S-100protein,S-100)、髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）、肌酸磷酸激酶脑型同工酶（CK-BB）等党课 经系统特异性蛋白质与新生儿HIE程度及预后的关系。方法 新生儿HIE患儿55例,无中枢神经系统疾患的患儿16例作为对照,取CSF和血浆检测上述4种神经系统特异性蛋白质水平。NSE、S-100、MBP用放射免疫试剂盒检测,CK-BB用酶法及琼脂糖电泳法检测,存活出院的患儿定期随访。结果 CSF的NSE、S-100、MBP、CK-BB及血浆NSE、CK-BB均与HIE程度相关,但只有CSF的神经系统特异性蛋白质才能较准确地反映患儿的远期预后,其中敏感性、特异性最高的指标是NSE和S-100。结论 CSF的NSE和S-100是判断HIE患儿脑损伤程度、预测远期预后的可靠指标。     

Impact of rotavirus vaccination on diarrheal hospitalizations in children younger than 5 years of age in a rural southern Mozambique

BackgroundRotavirus vaccine (Rotarix®) was introduced in Mozambique through its Expanded Program of Immunization in September 2015. We assessed the impact of rotavirus vaccination on childhood gastroenteritis-associated hospitalizations post-vaccine introduction in a high HIV prevalence rural setting of southern Mozambique.MethodsWe reviewed and compared the trend of hospitalizations (prevalence) and incidence rates of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), and rotavirus associated-diarrhea (laboratory confirmed rotavirus) in pre- (January 2008–August 2015) and post-rotavirus vaccine introduction periods (September 2015–December 2020), among children <5 years of age admitted to Manhiça District Hospital.ResultsFrom January 2008 to December 2020, rotavirus vaccination was found to contribute to the decline of the prevalence of AGE from 19% (95% CI: 18.14–20.44) prior to the vaccine introduction to 10% (95% CI: 8.89–11.48) in the post-introduction period, preventing 40% (95 % IE: 38–42) and 84% (95 % IE: 80–87) of the expected AGE and laboratory confirmed rotavirus cases, respectively, among infants. Similarly, the overall incidence of rotavirus was 11.8-fold lower in the post-vaccine introduction period (0.4/1000 child-years-at-risk [CYAR]; 95% CI: 0.3–0.6) compared with the pre-vaccination period (4.7/1000 CYAR; 95% CI: 4.2–5.1) with the highest reduction being observed among infants (16.8-fold lower from the 15.1/1000 CYAR in the pre-vaccine to 0.9/1000 CYAR in the post-vaccine eras).ConclusionsWe documented a significant reduction in all-cause diarrhea hospitalizations and rotavirus positivity after vaccine introduction demonstrating the beneficial impact of rotavirus vaccination in a highly vulnerable population.