Risk of adrenal crisis in dental patients: Results of a systematic search of the literature

BackgroundThe authors performed a systematic search of the literature to identify the frequency of, risk of experiencing and factors associated with adrenal crises in dental patients.MethodsThe authors searched PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE (1947-June 20, 2012) and Embase (1974-2012) for English-language articles related to cases of adrenal crisis in dentistry and extracted and analyzed data from the articles. The six authors determined whether the cases identified met a consensus definition of adrenal crisis.ResultsOf 148 articles identified in the initial screening, 34 articles were included in the final review, from which six cases met the criteria of adrenal crisis. The authors categorized four cases as “suggestive of adrenal crisis” and two cases as “consistent with adrenal crisis.” Risk factors were significant adrenal insufficiency, pain, infection, having undergone an invasive procedure, having received a barbiturate general anesthetic, and poor health status and stability at the time of presentation. The authors estimated risk to be less than one in 650,000 in patients with adrenal insufficiency.ConclusionsAdrenal crisis is rare in dental patients, with only six reports of it having been published in the past 66 years. Risk is associated with unrecognized adrenal insufficiency, poor health status and stability at the time of treatment, pain, infection, having undergone an invasive procedure and having received a barbiturate general anesthetic.Clinical ImplicationsRisk of adrenal crisis is reduced through proper evaluation of the patient, identification of risk factors and following appropriate preventive measures.     

Early childhood caries screening tools: a comparison of four approaches

BackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) is prevalent and consequential. Risk assessment tools have been proposed that can be used to identify children who require intensive interventions. In this study, the authors compare four approaches for identifying children needing early and intensive intervention to prevent or minimize caries experience for their accuracy and clinical usefulness.MethodsThe authors screened 229 predominantly low-income Hispanic children younger than 3 years with ECC and 242 without ECC by using the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry's Caries-risk Assessment Tool (CAT) and the optional screening measure of culturing Streptococcus mutans. The authors compared four approaches (CAT, CAT minus socioeconomic status, CAT minus socioeconomic status plus mutans streptococci [MS] and MS alone) for accuracy and clinical usefulness.ResultsThe results of the CAT demonstrated high sensitivity (100.0 percent) and negative predictive value (NPV) (100.0 percent) but low specificity (2.9 percent) and positive predictive value (PPV) (49.4 percent). The MS culture alone had the highest combination of accuracy and clinical usefulness (sensitivity, 86.5 percent; specificity, 93.4 percent; PPV, 92.5 percent; NPV, 87.9 percent). When we removed the socioeconomic status element, the CAT's performance improved.ConclusionsSalivary culture of MS alone in a population of young, low-income Hispanic childrenoutperformed the CAT and variations on the CAT for test accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) and clinical usefulness (predictive values).Clinical ImplicationsScreening for ECC by using salivary MS cultures and variations on the CAT are promising approaches for identifying children who need early and intensive intervention to prevent or minimize caries experience.     

Using a Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning Algorithm Program to Analyze Inter-Radiologist Report Style Variation and Compare Variation Between Radiologists When Using Highly Structured Versus More Free Text Reporting

PurposeTo use a natural language processing and machine learning algorithm to evaluate inter-radiologist report variation and compare variation between radiologists using highly structured versus more free text reporting.Materials and Methods28,615 radiology reports were analyzed for 4 metrics: verbosity, observational terms only, unwarranted negative findings, and repeated language in different sections. Radiology reports for two imaging examinations were analyzed and compared – one which was more templated (ultrasound – appendicitis) and one which relied on more free text (chest radiograph – single view). For each metric, the mean and standard deviation for defined outlier results for all dictations (individual and group mean) was calculated. The mean number of outlier metrics per reader per study was calculated and compared between radiologists and between the two report types. Wilcoxon rank test and paired Wilcoxon signed rank test were applied. The radiologists were also ranked based on the number of outlier metrics identified per study.ResultsThere was great variability in radiologist dictation styles – outlier metrics per report varied greatly between radiologists with the maximum 10 times higher than the minimum score. Metric values were greater (P < 0.0001) on the standardized reports using free text than the more structured reports.ConclusionsThe algorithm successfully evaluated metrics showing variability in reporting profiles particularly when there is free text. This variability can be an obstacle to providing effective communication and reliability of care.     

脑梗塞再灌注患者血清NSE及S-100β蛋白变化及丁苯酞的干预作用

目的：探讨脑梗塞再灌注患者血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)及S-100β蛋白变化及丁苯酞治疗脑梗塞再灌注的干预作用。方法选取2013年10月至2016年3月期间同济医学院附属东莞医院内二科收治的超早期脑梗塞患者100例,以尿激酶作为再灌注手段。根据随机数表法分为观察组49例和对照组51例。所有患者均给予尿激酶100万~150万U静脉溶栓,对照组患者接受包括溶栓在内的常规治疗,而观察组联合静脉溶栓治疗和丁苯肽注射液100 mL静脉滴注,2次/d,7 d为一个疗程,比较两组患者治疗期间的血清NSE及S-100β蛋白变化和神经功能缺损情况。结果观察组患者溶栓前、溶栓后1 d和7 d的NSE分别为(21.7±6.8) U/mL、(24.6±11.5) U/mL、(12.3±7.6) U/mL,对照组分别为(22.0±6.7) U/mL、(27.9±12.1) U/mL、(16.2±8.8) U/mL,观察组患者溶栓前、溶栓后1 d和7 d的S-100β分别为(1.2±0.5)μg/L、(1.3±0.4)μg/L、(0.6±0.3)μg/L,对照组分别为(1.1±0.5)μg/L、(1.4±0.6)μg/L、(0.9±0.3)μg/L,组内比较差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),组间比较溶栓前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),溶栓后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的再灌注损伤率明显低于对照组[4.1%(2/49) vs 17.6%(9/51)],再通率明显高于对照组[40.1%(20/49) vs 29.4%(15/51)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者溶栓7 d后神经功能缺损评分为(4.5±1.6)分,明显低于对照组的(9.3±1.7)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论丁苯酞可显著改善超早期脑梗塞再灌注患者血清NSE及S-100β蛋白水平,降低再灌注损伤发生率,对降低神经功能缺损评分有积极意义,可有效预防急性脑梗塞溶栓后再灌注损伤。     

Protective effect of low-doses of antibodies to S-100 protein on the formation of long-term sensitization in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helix lucorum</Emphasis>

Injection of antibodies to Ca-binding protein S-100 in a dilution of 10⁻¹² before the formation of long-term sensitization in Helix lucorum (10 min before the first electric shock) prevented the increase in defense reactions of pneumostome closure and ommatophore withdrawal. Thus, we demonstrated a protective effect of low-dose antibodies to S-100 on the formation of long-term sensitization as a neurobiological model of anxiety and depression. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 5, pp. 490–493, May, 2007     

Metabolic syndrome: pathogenesis, medical care and dental implications

BACKGROUND: The dental literature contains little information about metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its dental implications. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors conducted a MEDLINE search for the period 2000 through 2005, using the term "metabolic syndrome" to define its pathophysiology, medical treatment and dental implications. RESULTS: MetS is the co-occurrence of abdominal obesity, hyper-triglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, hypertension and impaired fasting glucose, which results from consumption of a high-calorie diet and decreased levels of physical activity superimposed on the appropriate genetic setting. Components of MetS synergistically promote the development of atherosclerosis, resulting in myocardial infarction and stroke. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Deteriorating oral health status is associated with worsening of the atherogenic profile. Tooth loss often results in chewing difficulties because of inadequate occlusive surfaces and may lead to alterations in food selection and dietary quality. This, in turn, adversely affects body composition and nutritional status, both of which are related to vascular health. Dentists should develop treatment plans that preserve and restore the dentition, thus ensuring maximum masticatory efficiency and affording patients the optimum opportunity to consume food that will not foster atherogenesis.     

黄芪多糖协同抗癌药物对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用

目的 探讨黄芪多糖对S-180肉瘤细胞周期的影响及与5-氟尿嘧啶使用，对S-180肉瘤细胞的杀伤作用。方法 通过四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）实验检测细胞的增殖抑制率，以观察黄芪多糖对S-180肉瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用；应用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期有改变及凋亡率。结果 黄芪多糖可抑制S-180肉瘤细胞的生长、增殖：与5-氟尿嘧啶联合应用对S-180肉瘤细胞杀伤作用强于2种药物单独使用。黄芪多糖处理后的S-180肉瘤细胞出现低于G，期DNA含量的亚二倍体凋亡峰，将细胞周期阻滞于G1期。结论 黄芪多糖对S-180肉瘤细胞有杀伤作用；黄芪多糖与5-氟尿嘧啶联合使用具有协同抗肿瘤作用。     

胆红素脑病仔鼠脑组织S-100的mRNA及其蛋白变化研究

目的：观察胆红素脑病仔鼠脑组织S-100蛋白（S-100）的mRNA及其蛋白变化．探讨其对胆红素脑病的诊断价值和其分子生物学机制。方法：采用新生7d龄清洁级Wistar大鼠腹腔注射胆红索200mg／kg制备胆红素脑病模型。应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）技术动态观察胆红素脑病仔鼠不同时间点脑组织S-100 mRNA表达变化；应用免疫组织化学方法动态观察不同时间点脑组织S-100蛋白表达变化。结果：实验组脑组织S-100 mRNA表达12h明显升高．48h达峰值．至96h与对照组差异无显著性意义：造模后12h海马区脑组织S-100阳性表达明碌升高，48h达峰值，至96h与对照组无显著性差异；皮质区6h明显升高。48h达峰值，至96h与对照组差异无显著性意义；丘脑区6h明显升高，72h下降，至96h与对照组无显著性差异；苍白球区6h明显升高，48h达峰值，72h下降，至96h与对照组比较仍有显著性差异。结论：S-100mRNA的变化同S-100蛋白的变化趋势一致，是判定胆红素脑病的可靠神经生化指标。     

卡培他滨联合铂类与替吉奥联合铂类治疗晚期胃癌的Meta分析

目的：评价卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂或顺铂与替吉奥联合奥沙利铂或顺铂治疗晚期胃癌的有效性和安全性。方法：采用计算机检索Cochrane Library、Pubmed、Embase、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库（VIP）、万方数据库,对符合纳入标准的随机对照试验（ RCT）进行质量评价和Meta分析。结果：共纳入14项RCT,合计1051例患者。卡培他滨化疗组和替吉奥化疗组的总有效率、完全缓解率和部分缓解率的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。安全性方面,卡培他滨化疗组手足综合征的发生率高于替吉奥化疗组[RR=2.59,95%CI（1.61,4.17）,P〈0.0001],而口腔黏膜炎的发生率低于替吉奥化疗组[RR=0.64,95%CI（0.50,0.82）,P=0.0004]。恶心呕吐、腹泻、神经毒性、肝脏毒性、肾脏毒性、贫血、白细胞减少、中性粒细胞减少和血小板减少等不良反应的发生率两组的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：卡培他滨联合铂类与替吉奥联合铂类治疗晚期胃癌的有效性相似,但卡培他滨联合铂类更易引起手足综合征,而替吉奥联合铂类更易引起口腔黏膜炎。     

失血性休克大鼠血浆S100B蛋白的动态测定

目的探讨失血性休克大鼠血浆S100B蛋白动态变化及其临床价值。方法选择无特定病原体级成年大鼠10只,通过急性失血损伤方式建立收缩压下降曲线,形成失血性休克动物模型,测定大鼠收缩压基础值（T1）,记录收缩压降至基础值3／4（T2）、基础值2,3（T3）、基础值1／2（T4）、基础值2,5（T5）、30mmHg（T6）、基础值1／5（B）、10mmHg（T8）失血量,采用酶联免疫吸附分析检测各个时间点血浆S100B蛋白含量。结果T2和B、T5和T6、T7和T8间失血量有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而其它相邻时间点之间无显著差异（P〉0．05）;T3和T4、T4和T5之间血浆S100B蛋白含量差异显著（P〈0．05）,而其它相邻时间点之间无显著差异（P〉0．05）;不同时间点失血量和S100B蛋白含量无显著相关性（P〉0．05）。结论建立收缩压下降曲线的失血性休克大鼠模型,可评估失血量变化,结合S100B蛋白水平动态监测,可对脑组织细胞损伤发展程度进行有效评估。