A qualitative study of the Australian midwives’ approaches to Listeria education as a food-related risk during pregnancy

Objective

to explore midwives’ perceptions of food-related risks and their approaches to Listeria education during pregnancy.

Design

an exploratory design within a qualitative framework.

Setting

one private and two public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia.

Participants

10 midwives providing antenatal care in the selected hospitals.

Findings

midwives had a range of approaches, from active to passive, to Listeria education. The main education provided was focused only on some of the high Listeria-risk foods with little education on safe food-handling practices. Midwives’ perception of food-related risks was a function of their limited scientific knowledge and their reliance on their experiential knowledge and their common sense. System constraints such as temporal pressure, limited availability of educational materials and low adherence to Listeria recommendations within the health system were also identified to influence midwives’ practice.

Key Conclusions

professional practice guidelines regarding food safety and Listeria education are needed, together with relevant professional training and review of hospital practices in relation to this important health issue.     

Preoperatively predicting non-home discharge after surgery for gynecologic malignancy

Objective

Returning home after surgery is a desirable patient-centered outcome associated with decreased costs compared to non-home discharge. Our objective was to develop a preoperative risk-scoring model predicting non-home discharge after surgery for gynecologic malignancy.

维吾尔族男性血清性激素结合球蛋白与2型糖尿病及其危险因素的相关性分析

目的 探讨维族男性血清性激素结合球蛋白、性激素与2型糖尿病及其危险因素的关系.方法 用随机对照方法纳入维族男性2型糖尿病患者81例和正常对照组65例,分别测量血压,检测空腹血糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、血脂、性激素、性激素结合球蛋白,计算体重指数和胰岛素抵抗指数,比较2型糖尿病组和对照组的上述指标水平,并探讨性激素、性激素结合球蛋白与2型糖尿病相关指标及其危险因素的关系.结果 2型糖尿病组空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白均高于正常对照组,而性激素结合球蛋白、睾酮低于正常对照组,P均小于0.05.应用Pearson相关以及Spearman秩相关作相关分析,维族男性2型糖尿病患者血清性激素结合球蛋白、血清睾酮均分别与体重指数（r=-0.485,r=-0.543）、空腹胰岛素（r=-0.467,r=-0.423）、甘油三酯（r=-0.442,r=-0.351）呈负相关,血清睾酮与高密度脂蛋白（r=0.317）呈正相关,P均小于0.05.结论 在维族男性中,血清性激素结合球蛋白、血清睾酮可能是2型糖尿病的保护因素.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者疾病认知的调查及对策

目的了解阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者对疾病的认知情况,针对问题提出对策。方法自行设计调查问卷,对924例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者进行就诊原因、疾病严重度、疾病认知情况调查;以50岁为界分为A组和B组,对不同年龄组进行比较分析。结果患者主要就诊原因是影响家人休息及有临床症状,不同年龄疾病严重度分布无统计学意义,不同年龄患者疾病相关知识认知比较有统计学意义。结论阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者总体疾病认知较低,对不同年龄患者进行针对性健康宣教,可提高其防范意识及健康水平。     

Family History for Cardio-Metabolic Diseases: A Predictor of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Men With Erectile Dysfunction

BackgroundFamily history (FH) of cardiovascular (CV) disease is a known CV risk factor. However, it is rarely considered for CV risk stratification. Furthermore, FH for metabolic diseases is generally overlooked.AimTo evaluate, in a population of men with erectile dysfunction (ED), whether FH for cardio-metabolic diseases could provide insights into metabolic and sexual features and predict the occurrence of forthcoming major adverse CV events (MACE).MethodsA consecutive series of 4,693 individuals (aged 51.3 ± 13.3 years) attending an Andrology outpatient clinic for ED was studied. A subset of these (n = 1,595) was evaluated retrospectively for MACE occurrence.OutcomesSeveral metabolic and sexual function–related parameters were studied. For the retrospective study, information on an incident MACE was collected over a mean follow-up of 4.2 ± 2.5 years.ResultsA greater number of cardio-metabolic FH factors were associated with a worse metabolic profile, including higher waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and diastolic blood pressure, as well as lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. An increased number of FH factors were associated with worse erectile function (odds ratio = 1.14[1.07;1.23], P < .0001), impaired penile dynamic peak systolic velocity, and lower testosterone levels. In the retrospective study, a positive cardiometabolic FH was associated with a significantly higher incidence of MACEs, even after adjusting for age and comorbidities (hazard ratio = 1.51[1.06-2.16], P = .023). Interestingly, when dividing the sample into high- and low-risk categories according to several CV risk factors (age, previous MACEs, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and comorbidities), FH was confirmed as a predictor of incident MACE only among the low-risk individuals.Clinical ImplicationsInvestigating FH for cardio-metabolic diseases is a quick and easy task that could help clinicians in identifying, among individuals with ED, those who deserve careful evaluation of CV and metabolic risk factors. Moreover, considering FH for CV risk stratification could predict MACEs in individuals who, according to conventional CV risk factors, would be erroneously considered at low risk.Strengths & LimitationsThe large sample size and the systematic collection of MACEs through an administrative database, with no risk of loss at follow-up, represent strengths. The use of administrative database for MACE collection may lead to some misclassifications. The specific population of the study limits the generalizability of the results.ConclusionFH is simple and inexpensive information that should be part of the CV risk assessment in all men with ED because it helps in the identification of those who need lifestyle and risk factor modifications and whose risk would otherwise be overlooked.Rastrelli G, Yannas D, Mucci B, et al. Family History for Cardio-Metabolic Diseases: A Predictor of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Men With Erectile Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2020;17:2370–2381.     

早产儿喂养不耐受的临床特征及危险因素

目的探讨早产儿喂养不耐受的临床特征及危险因素。方法本研究为回顾性研究。研究对象为2017年1月至2017年12月在北京大学第三医院新生儿科住院的早产儿,进一步将其中的喂养不耐受组患儿按出生胎龄分为<31周组和≥31周组,以及按出生体重分为<1250 g组和≥1250 g组。分析纳入对象的病历资料,探讨早产儿喂养不耐受的临床特征及其危险因素。采用独立样本t检验、χ^2检验和logistic回归分析等方法,对数据进行统计学分析。结果(1)符合标准的研究对象共612例,其中喂养不耐受组182例(29.7%),喂养耐受组430例(70.3%)。喂养不耐受组中,男婴103例(56.6%),女婴79例(43.4%);胎龄(30.6±2.3)周,其中93例(51.1%)胎龄<31周;出生体重(1298±417)g,其中93例(51.1%)<1250 g;134例(73.6%)为极低出生体重儿。喂养不耐受在极低出生体重早产儿中的发生率为63.2%(134/212)。(2)喂养不耐受的诊断日龄为(2.7±0.9)d,消失日龄为(13.2±6.9)d,持续时间为(10.5±6.7)d,主要症状包括胃潴留100.0%(182/182)、腹胀54.4%(98/182)和呕吐17.0%(31/182)。(3)与胎龄≥31周者相比,胎龄<31周的早产儿喂养不耐受诊断和消失更晚[(2.4±0.8)与(2.9±0.9)d,t=3.977;(10.4±5.2)与(16.0±7.3)d,t=5.935],持续时间更长[(8.0±5.0)与(13.0±7.3)d,t=5.450],恢复出生体重时间更晚[(9.4±4.1)与(12.0±5.1)d,t=3.672](P值均<0.05)。与出生体重≥1250 g的早产儿相比,出生体重<1250 g的早产儿喂养不耐受诊断和消失更晚[(2.5±0.9)与(2.8±0.9)d,t=2.540;(10.0±4.5)与(16.3±7.4)d,t=6.951]、持续时间更长[(7.5±4.3)与(13.5±7.3)d,t=6.690]、更少发生呕吐[23.6%(21/89)与10.8%(10/93),χ^2=5.308](P值均<0.05)。(4)出生体重是早产儿喂养不耐受的保护因素(OR=0.998,95%CI:0.997~0.998),新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(OR=2.129,95%CI:1.163~3.897)、多胎(OR=1.812,95%CI:1.116~2.941)、生后48 h内应用枸橼酸咖啡因(OR=2.663,95%CI:1.619~4.381)、生后48 h内应用持续气道正压通气(OR=5.211,95%CI:2.861~9.489)和宫内感染(OR=1.988,95%CI:1.060~3.728)是早产儿喂养不耐受的独立危险因素(P值均<0.05)。结论早产儿喂养不耐受发生率较高;胎龄较小、出生体重较低的早产儿喂养不耐受发生和消失时间较晚,持续时间较长;出生体重低、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、多胎、生后48 h内应用枸橼酸咖啡因、生后48 h内应用持续气道正压通气和宫内感染是早产儿喂养不耐受的危险因素。     

胎盘植入性疾病的危险因素及妊娠结局分析

目的探讨胎盘植入性疾病的危险因素及妊娠结局。 方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2017年12月广州医科大学附属第三医院/广州重症孕产妇救治中心围产资料数据库中信息完整的单胎妊娠孕妇48 650例临床资料,将这些孕妇分为胎盘植入性疾病组和非胎盘植入性疾病组,分析胎盘植入性疾病的危险因素及其妊娠结局。 结果单因素分析显示,年龄≥35岁、高中教育水平及以下、孕次≥3次、经产妇、人工流产史、剖宫产史、体外受精－胚胎移植受孕、合并前置胎盘是胎盘植入性疾病的相关危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,胎盘植入性疾病的独立危险因素为剖宫产史(OR＝2.254,95%CI：1.917～2.650)、体外受精－胚胎移植受孕(OR＝1.591,95%CI：1.212～2.089)、合并前置胎盘(OR＝28.282,95%CI：24.338～32.866);与非胎盘植入性疾病产妇相比,患有胎盘植入性疾病产妇早产、剖宫产、产后出血、弥散性血管内凝血、产褥期感染、子宫切除、低出生体重儿、新生儿Apgar评分相对较低(1 min)、产妇入住重症监护病房的发生率明显升高(P<0.05)。 结论剖宫产史、辅助生殖受孕、合并前置胎盘是引起胎盘植入性疾病的独立危险因素,胎盘植入性疾病的妊娠结局不良。     

Factores que influyen en la dispareunia posparto: una revisión sistemática

Dyspareunia is defined as the presence of persistent or recurrent pain during sexual intercourse and is considered one of the main postpartum sexual dysfunctions. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence the appearance of dyspareunia in the postpartum period. A literature review was conducted in the following databases in January 2018: Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus. A total of 15 articles were obtained after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main risk factors in postpartum dyspareunia are the type of delivery (being higher in caesarean sections and instrumental deliveries), perineal trauma and/or episiotomy, and breastfeeding. The psychosocial situation can also affect the appearance of this disorder.     

早期子宫颈癌脉管间隙及宫旁浸润危险因素1245例分析

目的:探讨子宫颈癌淋巴脉管间隙浸润(lymph-vascular space invasion,LVSI)及宫旁浸润与其他临床病理因素的关系。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2019年1月期间于西安交通大学第一附属医院妇科接受手术治疗1245例早期子宫颈癌患者的临床资料,分别根据是否LVSI及宫旁浸润分为LVSI组、无LVSI组和宫旁浸润组、无宫旁浸润组,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析脉管及宫旁浸润危险因素。结果:1245例LVSI率14.1%(175/1245),宫旁浸润率1.85%(23/1245)。单因素分析显示LVSI的发生与病灶类型、病理类型、肿瘤细胞分化程度、子宫颈浸润深度、淋巴转移、切缘阳性、宫旁浸润比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据淋巴转移情况分层分析发现,在淋巴未转移组LVSI的发生率与年龄、病灶类型、病理类型、子宫颈浸润深度比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示病灶类型为内生型、病理为鳞癌、子宫颈深肌层浸润和淋巴转移相较于非内生型、非鳞癌、子宫颈浸润浅肌层、无淋巴转移早期子宫颈癌患者是发生LVSI的独...