肺结节患者的临床特征在判断良恶性中的意义

目的探究肺结节特点与其病理结果的相关性,分析患者临床特征（临床因素、检验结果、胸部CT影像特征）对判断肺结节良恶性的临床意义。 方法回顾性分析147例肺结节患者,根据病理活检结果分为良性组39例,恶性组108例。比较两组患者的一般情况（性别、年龄、吸烟史、恶性肿瘤家族史）、肺癌4项[癌胚抗原（CEA）、鳞状上皮细胞抗原（SCCAg）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、细胞角蛋白19片段（Cyfra21-1）]以及高分辨率CT征象,评估差异有统计学意义的因素在鉴别良恶性肺结节中的效能。 结果两组患者在性别、吸烟史、4个肺癌指标（CEA、SCCAg、NSE、Cyfra21-1）、结节大小、结节边缘、毛刺征的比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,在年龄、恶性肿瘤家族史、结节形态、分叶征、空泡征、胸膜牵拉征、血管集束征的比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。在高分辨率CT征象中,分叶征对判断肺结节良恶性的效能最高,敏感度达79.6%。Logistic线性回归分析显示磨玻璃结节、分叶征、空泡征都是恶性的危险因素（均P＜0.05）。 结论患者的年龄、恶性肿瘤家族史、结节形态（磨玻璃结节）、分叶征、空泡征、胸膜牵拉征、血管集束征对鉴别肺结节良恶性有一定的参考意义。     

终末期肾病血液透析患者生存期与相关因素分析

目的 调查分析终末期肾病血液透析患者生存期与相关因素。方法 选择2015年1月至2015年11月于我院行维持性血液透析的116例终末期肾病患者,统计其生存期。根据5年随访结果将患者分为生存组和死亡组,建立Logistic回归模型分析影响患者生存的危险因素。结果 随访结果显示,患者1年、 3年、 5年生存率分别为93.97%、 75.00%、 50.86%。单因素分析结果显示,两组患者的年龄、血压及Hb、 Glu、 Alb、 HDL水平比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,年龄、血压、 Glu、 Alb是影响终末期肾病血液透析患者生存的独立因素(P<0.05)。结论 随着终末期肾病血液透析患者维持性血液透析时间的延长,患者的生存率逐年降低,且患者年龄、血压、 Glu及Alb水平与患者生存期密切相关。     

多因素作用对肾移植效果的影响

目的：探讨肾移植术后早期排斥反应、肾功能延迟恢复的高危因素及其机理。方法：分析167例次肾移植患者的年龄、性别、透析时间、移植史、输血次数、孕次、冷缺血时间、热缺血时间、HLA体液致敏及HLA错配数与术后早期排斥反应、肾功能延迟恢复发生的关系。结果：多因分析提示致敏与肾移植术后肾功能延迟恢复的发生相关,致敏及HLA错配数与早期排斥反应相关。结论：致敏及HLA错配影响是肾移植效果的主要危险因素。     

衡阳市人群幽门螺杆菌感染危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨人群幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的危险因素,为制定防制对策和措施提供科学依据。方法 以Hp4℃ PCR检测试剂盒对252例研究对象的胃液进行检测,130例阳性者列入病例组,122例阴性者列入对照组,运用病例-对照研究方法作流行病学研究,应用Mantel-Haenszel法及条件Logistic回归作单因素和多因素统计分析。结果 单因素Mantel-Haenszel法及条件Logistic回归分析结果均有显著性意义的因素有：受教育程度、职业、家庭人口数、经济收入、居住面积、饮水来源、喝生水、在外进餐,而居住地仅在Logistic回归分析中有显著性意义。多因素条件Logistic回归分析结果表明,经济收入、喝生水及在外进餐3个因素有非常显著性意义(P=0.000）,比数比（OR）分别为0.700、6.217、9.798。阴性预测正确率77.0%,阳性预测正确率为76.2%,总正确率为76.6%。经济收入与在外进餐之间存在有交互影响（P=0.001）。结论 经常喝生水及在外进餐可显著增加Hp感染的危险性,经济收入越高,Hp感染的危险性越低。经济收入与在外进餐有交互影响。     

Point-of-care measured serum cholinesterase activity predicts patient outcome following severe burns

Risk stratification is of utmost importance in burn therapy. However, suitable bedside biomarkers to evaluate the emerging inflammatory response following burn injuries are missing. Serum cholinesterase (butyrylcholinesterase, BChE) has been shown to be a clinically relevant biomarker in acute inflammatory diseases including burns.In this observational cohort study BChE activity was measured by using point-of-care testing (POCT), a novel method in acute burn care. POCT measurements were performed at emergency room admission (ERA) of 35 patients and repeated 12, 24 and 48 h later. All patients or their legal designees gave informed consent.Patients with burn injuries showed sustained BChE activity reduction following hospital admission. BChE activity correlated negatively with burn injury severity, organ failure severity and intensive care unit resource requirements. BChE activity measured at ERA and 12 h later identified survivors and predicted 28-day patient outcome with noninferior efficacy compared to the abbreviated burn severity index (ABSI) scoring. Finally, POCT-measured BChE activity might complement ABSI scoring and possibly improve early risk stratification in acute burn care therapy.     

Short-term multiorgan metabolic benefits of rapid weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy in severely obese patients

BackgroundSleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become the most prevalent bariatric-metabolic surgical approach in the United States. Its popularity among surgeons and patients is mainly due to a better safety profile and less overall morbidity, with broad benefits from a systemic and metabolic perspective.ObjectiveComprehensively describe the short-term multiorgan metabolic effects of rapid weight loss after SG.SettingAcademic hospital, United States.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients that underwent SG at our institution between 2012 and 2016. We analyzed the required variables to calculate multiple risk scores, such as cardiovascular, hypertension, and diabetes risk scores. Furthermore, the renal and hepatic functions and the metabolic and hematologic profiles were assessed at 12 months of follow-up.ResultsA total of 1002 patients were included in the analysis. The percentage of excess body mass index loss was, on average, 65% at 12 months of follow-up. We observed a positive cardio-renal-hepatic improvement, demonstrated by a substantial reduction of the 10-year cardiovascular risk. We noticed an improvement of renal function, which was more significant in chronic kidney disease (stage ≥2), and a significant improvement on liver function tests (measured by decreased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase) at 12 months of follow-up. Our data also show a positive impact on decreasing the risk of developing hypertension and type 2 diabetes. There was a positive impact on the lipid profile, with the exception of low-density lipoprotein.ConclusionThere are significant short-term benefits on multiorgan metabolic parameters after rapid weight loss in severely obese patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy.