衡阳市人群幽门螺杆菌感染危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨人群幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的危险因素,为制定防制对策和措施提供科学依据。方法 以Hp4℃ PCR检测试剂盒对252例研究对象的胃液进行检测,130例阳性者列入病例组,122例阴性者列入对照组,运用病例-对照研究方法作流行病学研究,应用Mantel-Haenszel法及条件Logistic回归作单因素和多因素统计分析。结果 单因素Mantel-Haenszel法及条件Logistic回归分析结果均有显著性意义的因素有：受教育程度、职业、家庭人口数、经济收入、居住面积、饮水来源、喝生水、在外进餐,而居住地仅在Logistic回归分析中有显著性意义。多因素条件Logistic回归分析结果表明,经济收入、喝生水及在外进餐3个因素有非常显著性意义(P=0.000）,比数比（OR）分别为0.700、6.217、9.798。阴性预测正确率77.0%,阳性预测正确率为76.2%,总正确率为76.6%。经济收入与在外进餐之间存在有交互影响（P=0.001）。结论 经常喝生水及在外进餐可显著增加Hp感染的危险性,经济收入越高,Hp感染的危险性越低。经济收入与在外进餐有交互影响。     

Point-of-care measured serum cholinesterase activity predicts patient outcome following severe burns

Risk stratification is of utmost importance in burn therapy. However, suitable bedside biomarkers to evaluate the emerging inflammatory response following burn injuries are missing. Serum cholinesterase (butyrylcholinesterase, BChE) has been shown to be a clinically relevant biomarker in acute inflammatory diseases including burns.In this observational cohort study BChE activity was measured by using point-of-care testing (POCT), a novel method in acute burn care. POCT measurements were performed at emergency room admission (ERA) of 35 patients and repeated 12, 24 and 48 h later. All patients or their legal designees gave informed consent.Patients with burn injuries showed sustained BChE activity reduction following hospital admission. BChE activity correlated negatively with burn injury severity, organ failure severity and intensive care unit resource requirements. BChE activity measured at ERA and 12 h later identified survivors and predicted 28-day patient outcome with noninferior efficacy compared to the abbreviated burn severity index (ABSI) scoring. Finally, POCT-measured BChE activity might complement ABSI scoring and possibly improve early risk stratification in acute burn care therapy.     

The relationship of anterior cruciate ligament injuries with MRI based calculation of femoral notch width,notch width index,notch shape - A randomized control study

BackgroundACL injuries are infamously known for disability in young adults and require surgical reconstruction. The need of time is to predict predisposing factors and prevent ACL injuries.The incidence of ACL injuries has been associated with various factors related to the morphology of distal femur and proximal tibia.Hence, purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of morphology of distal femur by assessing Notch Width(NW), Notch Width Index (NWI), and Notch shape calculated preoperatively on MRI in association with an ACL tear.MethodsThe following randomized control study had 60 patients enrolled with non contact injury to knee who were equally divided into 2 groups i.e. ACL injury group and control group. ACL group had patients who had MRI proven ACL tear along with clinical findings suggestive of ACL tear whereas control contained patients with intact ACL. Demographic data was collected and NW, NWI and Notch shape were determined on coronal sections of MRI sequences.ResultsPositive correlation of ACL tear was seen with NW, BCW, NWI, NWP, and NWJ. Smaller Notch Width showed higher incidence of ACL tear (p = 0.019). The mean NWI in the injured and control knee is 0.31 ± 0.01 and 0.27 ± 0.01 respectively and was statistically significant(p < 0.001). A shaped Notch (60%) was commonly seen in ACL tear group and U shaped notch (73.3%) was commonly seen in control group.We found the cut off value for the prediction of ACL tear of NWI was 0.29 with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 86.7%.ConclusionACL injuries in the given population have shown higher incidence with narrow femoral intercondylar notch, smaller notch width index, ‘A’ shaped femoral notch. If any of the above findings are present in the MRI, its important to counsel the subjects about the increased risk of ACL injuries in them and take preventive measures.     

普外科术后不良结局风险评估工具研究现状

普外科手术是最常见的手术之一,其术后不良结局主要集中在一部分高危患者。风险评估工具可以识别出这部分高危患者,为后续的临床干预和资源配置提供参考。目前存在多种评估工具,且具有各自的优缺点,充分了解这些工具是临床应用的前提。通过回顾目前一般常用评估工具、针对急诊普外患者的评估工具和机器学习方法在评估工具上的应用,阐明风险评估工具的基本特征、应用现状和发展趋势。     

9种试点食药物质的安全性评价及试点风险监测现况

按照传统既是食品又是中药材的物质简称为食药物质,传统中医药常使用食药物质来防治疾病或养生保健。随着我国大健康产业的迅速发展,食药物质成为健康领域关注的热点。近年来,随着食药物质品种的增加,研发产品的创新种类和应用增多,拟新增食药物质的安全性问题成为关注重点。现综述国家卫生健康委员会和市场监督管理总局开展的按照传统既是食品又是中药材物质管理试点工作的9种试点食药物质的食用与药用价值、安全性和不良反应、国内部分省份风险监测内容和方案,以期为9种试点食药物质的食品安全风险监测工作的开展提供参考,为食药物质的合理应用和资源开发提供一定的依据。     

Clinical characteristics and risk factors for fatal outcome of patients receiving Sun's procedure after previous cardiac surgery

BackgroundCardiac reoperation has always been a difficult problem in clinical practice. Because of the difficulty of operation, the incidence of complications and mortality rate is high. Secondary aortic surgery, especially the reoperation involving arch, has higher risk and is more difficult for patients with renal failure. Sun's operation (total arch replacement + stent elephant nose) has achieved good results in the treatment of diseases involving aortic arch, and occupies an important position in the treatment of patients with secondary arch lesions after cardiac surgery.MethodsA total of 395 patients with a history of cardiac surgery were recorded in our center from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2017, among whom 118 (30.1%) patients underwent aortic reoperation via the original incision using Sun's aortic procedure owing to postoperative great vessel disease. We analyzed the clinical data and survival time, and used Cox regression to analyze the risk factors for 30-day mortality as well as long term mortality.ResultsThe interval between the last operation and the present operation was 0.08–19 years. Sixteen patients died within 30 days after operation and the average mortality rate was 13.6%. During the follow-up period, 28 patients died, with the mortality rate of 23.7%. As of December 31, 2017, the longest survival time was 9.36 years, and the survival time of 70 patients was more than 3.05 years. The main risk factor associated with the 30-day survival was cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time. The longer the CPB time was, the greater the risk of death was. The main risk factors associated with the long-term survival were CPB time and 24-h bleeding volume. The longer the CPB time was, the more the 24-h bleeding volume was, the higher long-term mortality rate was.ConclusionThe second Sun's operation, as a surgical treatment after cardiac surgery, showed a high survival rate, with long survival time and good curative effect. CPB is the main risk factor for the 30-day survival state after operation, and CPB time and 24-h bleeding volume are the main risk factors for the long-term survival state after operation.     

Short-term multiorgan metabolic benefits of rapid weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy in severely obese patients

BackgroundSleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become the most prevalent bariatric-metabolic surgical approach in the United States. Its popularity among surgeons and patients is mainly due to a better safety profile and less overall morbidity, with broad benefits from a systemic and metabolic perspective.ObjectiveComprehensively describe the short-term multiorgan metabolic effects of rapid weight loss after SG.SettingAcademic hospital, United States.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients that underwent SG at our institution between 2012 and 2016. We analyzed the required variables to calculate multiple risk scores, such as cardiovascular, hypertension, and diabetes risk scores. Furthermore, the renal and hepatic functions and the metabolic and hematologic profiles were assessed at 12 months of follow-up.ResultsA total of 1002 patients were included in the analysis. The percentage of excess body mass index loss was, on average, 65% at 12 months of follow-up. We observed a positive cardio-renal-hepatic improvement, demonstrated by a substantial reduction of the 10-year cardiovascular risk. We noticed an improvement of renal function, which was more significant in chronic kidney disease (stage ≥2), and a significant improvement on liver function tests (measured by decreased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase) at 12 months of follow-up. Our data also show a positive impact on decreasing the risk of developing hypertension and type 2 diabetes. There was a positive impact on the lipid profile, with the exception of low-density lipoprotein.ConclusionThere are significant short-term benefits on multiorgan metabolic parameters after rapid weight loss in severely obese patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy.