Evidence for differential effects of 8-OH-DPAT on male and female rats in the Anxiety/Defense Test Battery

The Proxemics/Activity test and the Eat/Drink test, two components of the Anxiety/Defense Test Battery, were developed to measure defensive reactions to situations associated with a natural predator (cat). In the present studies the behavioral effects of 8-OH-DPAT treatment (0.01–1.0 mg/kg, SC) were entirely consistent with anxiety/fear reduction. These effects included an increase in time spent near the cat compartment, and a complimentary decrease in time spent farthest from this compartment, together with an increase in transits and locomote behavior. 8-OH-DPAT (1.0 mg/kg) also increased eat frequencies and durations (highly preferred food) both during and following cat presentation, without influencing drinking. This finding is discussed with reference to previous findings with 8-OH-DPAT in studies assessing both food intake and anxiolysis. Interestingly, 8-OH-DPAT was more potent in a majority of its effects in female subjects, a finding consistent with recent neurochemical data. These findings provide important behavioral evidence for a sexual differentiation in 5-HT function, and support the case for greater emphasis on female subjects in animal models of anxiety.Supported by NIH MH42803 and RCMI Grants RR03061 and RR01825     

Cardia: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects

In 1984, a prospective cohort study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) was initiated to investigate life-style and other factors that influence, favorably and unfavorably, the evolution of coronary heart disease risk factors during young adulthood. After a year of planning and protocol development, 5,116 black and white women and men, age 18-30 years, were recruited and examined in four urban areas: Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Oakland, California. The initial examination included carefully standardized measurements of major risk factors as well as assessments of psychosocial, dietary, and exercise-related characteristics that might influence them, or that might be independent risk factors. This report presents the recruitment and examination methods as well as the mean levels of blood pressure, total plasma cholesterol, height, weight and body mass index, and the prevalence of cigarette smoking by age, sex, race and educational level. Compared to recent national samples, smoking is less prevalent in CARDIA participants, and weight tends to be greater. Cholesterol levels are representative and somewhat lower blood pressures in CARDIA are probably, at least in part, due to differences in measurement methods. Especially noteworthy among several differences in risk factor levels by demographic subgroup, were a higher body mass index among black than white women and much higher prevalence of cigarette smoking among persons with no more than a high school education than among those with more education.     

What has trust got to do with it? Cardiac risk reduction and family physicians' discussions of evidence-based recommendations

The management of patients through the use of evidence-based medicine has become the 'mantra' of medicine within many Western countries. Evidence-based medicine is aimed at providing the best objective, scientific care to all patients, and reducing as far as possible patients' risks of disease and complications from disease. Based on family physicians' discussions of the use of evidence-based recommendations for two cardiac diseases, this paper explores how subjectively-based trust enters into family physicians' decision to use evidence-based medicine. In addition, we show how trust influences physicians' work of recommending evidence-based medicine to patients, and physicians' perceptions of why patients follow recommendations aimed at risk reduction. We conclude that although much of the current discussion about evidence-based medicine assumes a 'rational' model of physician behaviour based on the application of the 'best objective scientific' results, subjectively-based perceptions of trust influence physician practices, and point to the need to understand the power of relational issues in influencing physician practices even when utilizing evidence-based knowledge.     

温州市艾滋病流行特征及流行趋势分析

目的 分析温州市1985～2000年HIV／AIDS流行现状及影响因素，为采取有效控制措施提供依据。方法 分析全市的艾滋病监测及实验室资料。结果 1985年发现首例HIV抗体阳性，至2000年底累计发现感染者124例，发病27例，死亡16例。感染者以青壮年为主，男女比例为3．28：1，静脉推注吸毒和性接触是主要传播途径。结论 预计今后几年温州市高危人群中HIV感染者将大幅度增长，必须采取有效措施预防和控制艾滋病。     

某医院传染性非典型肺炎疫情分析

目的：分析某医院SARS疫情的发生、发展及控制过程，为疫情控制提供一定的参考依据。方法：依照卫生部推荐的统一个案调查表和临床诊断标准，描述疫情的三间分布以及发放防护用品的数量与病例数的关系。结果：某医院疫情暴发曲线由3个暴发高峰组成，前两个峰较大，后一个峰较小，呈散发。提示病例传染共形成“三代”流行。结论：采用严密的综合防护措施，能够彻底控制SARS疫情在医院的暴发。     

桡骨与尺骨的测量及回归分析

本文测量了桡骨与尺骨各100例,其中桡骨15项指标,尺骨14项指标。并用IBM·PC—XT计算机DBASEⅢ数据库管理系统进行了统计分析以及用桡、尺骨最大长分别与桡、尺骨其它各项指标间进行直线相关分析,建立了25个回归方程。     

某区医院发热伴呼吸道症状病人临床分析

目的：探讨常见呼吸道发热疾病的临床特点及与传染性非典型肺炎(严重急性呼吸综合症，SAGS)的鉴别。方法：发热门诊诊治的以发热体温高于38℃伴呼吸道症状患者702例，对病因、临床表现、实验室检查、胸部X线、治疗及转归进行比较。结果：常见呼吸道发热患者中，急性上呼吸道感染596例占总数的85％，577病例白细胞计数不高占82％，淋巴细胞计数不降低，X线检查正常或仅有支气管炎表现。有基础肺部或全身疾病患者，虽然有发热，但往往以肺部或全身原发疾病相应症状为重要或首发表现，可有气急，体温以中度发热为主，78％病例有白细胞计数及中性比例升高。胸片除肺炎改变外，多有肺部基础疾病的表现，抗生素治疗有效；而单纯性肺炎胸部X线多表现为节段性或局灶性肺炎。这部分病例也以发热为主要或首发症状，一般表现为咳嗽、咳痰，气急少见，易与SARS混淆。结论：临床呼吸道发热疾病以急性上呼吸道感染最多见，容易忽略，要注意筛查。单纯性肺炎与SARS的鉴别，应结合流行病史、治疗反应及实验室检查结果进行。     

肝病患者血清中总胆汁酸测定的意义

采用全自动酶法分析法 ,测定 32 1例各种肝病患者血清总胆汁酸 (TBA)。结果表明 :血清总胆汁酸是一种较灵敏的肝功能指标。在各类肝病中 ,尤其是急性肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌患者的总胆汁酸 (TBA)浓度均明显高于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,并在肝功能常规指标改变不明显时对肝脏疾病的诊断有一定的价值     

区域性卫生规划文献分析与评价

目的：对1990年至2002年6月期间在各种刊物上发表的区域性卫生规划的论文进行分析。方法：采用文献分析法，对论文发表的刊物、时间、作者所在地和单位、论文的主题和类别进行分析。结果：论文发表的刊物主要是卫生管理类、卫生经济、卫生政策、卫生资源等国家级刊物；发表的年份主要集中在1998年以后的几年中；作者所在的地区以北京、上海和山东最多；作者的单位以卫生行政单位和大专院校居多；论文的主题是以卫生资源配置居多；论文的类别以描述性的分析最多，理论研究其次。结论：应加强对区域性卫生规划实施评价和卫生资源配置方法的研究，不断总结经验，进一步推动区域性卫生规划的开展。     

重庆市城市居民原发性高血压的病例对照研究

本研究采用１：４配比的方法，收集了３７０例确诊高血压病例与１４８０例对照，进行了病例对照研究。经条件ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归模型分析发现与高血压有关的危险因素有以下五个：体重指数、吸烟年限、脉率、卫生知识水平和家族史。