高血压病辨证分型与胰岛素抵抗关系的初步研究

用葡萄糖氧化酶法及放免双抗体法测定空腹及服糖１小时、２小时后血糖、血胰岛素值,并计算胰岛素敏感指数（ＩＳＩ）。结果：高血压病组及其肝火亢盛、阴虚阳亢组各时点胰岛素及服糖１小时、２小时后血糖较正常对照组明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）,ＩＳＩ明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）。且此两证型组分别与阴阳两虚、痰湿壅盛组比较,升高和降低也有统计学意义（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）。而阴阳两虚、痰湿壅盛组除后     

附子对大鼠能量代谢及相关基因表达的影响

目的:探讨热性中药附子对正常大鼠能量代谢及相关基因表达的影响,从基因水平解析附子发挥温热效应的分子机制.方法:SPF级Wistar大鼠32只,随机分为附子组和空白对照组,分别灌胃附子水煎液和NS 10mL· kg-1 ·d-1,连续给药20d.测定大鼠体温、代谢及消化能;比色法测定肝组织ATPase和SDH活力;基因芯片技术检测大鼠肝基因表达,筛选差异表达基因,进行基因功能分类注释;荧光实时定量PCR实验验证芯片结果.结果:与空白对照组相比,附子组大鼠趾温在给药第10,20天显著升高(P＜0.05),单位体重摄入能、单位体重消化能、单位体重可代谢能显著增高(P＜0.05),Na+-K+-ATP酶,Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATP酶及SDH活力显著升高(P＜0.05).基因芯片结果显示附子组与空白组比较有592条基因差异表达,按Gene Ontology(GO)分类标准进行基因功能分类注释,代谢过程基因功能为最显著性基因功能(lgP=- 15.589 7).结论:热性中药附子对大鼠物质和能量代谢具有一定促进作用,其机制可能是通过调控代谢相关基因的表达,影响糖、脂类和氨基酸代谢过程,这可能是附子发挥温热效应的主要分子机制.     

束缚所致肝郁证动物模型肝组织蛋白质组的差异表达研究

目的：通过运用组织蛋白质组学技术和方法,寻找肝郁证动物模型肝组织差异表达蛋白质.方法：以束缚制动法制备肝郁证大鼠模型,采用组织溶解方法分步抽提大鼠肝脏组织蛋白质,对获得的蛋白质进行二维凝胶电泳（2-DE）分离、胶体染色,分析模型组和对照组蛋白质分子的差异表达,并以基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）检测肽质量指纹,在数据库中检索出相应的蛋白质.结果：在大鼠肝组织胶体考染的2-DE图谱上,约能辨识出300余个清晰的蛋白质斑点,共找出3个与肝郁证辨证相关的肝组织差异表达蛋白,质谱出峰率达100%,检索结果分别为芳基硫基转移酶、烯酰辅酶A水合酶和转甲状腺素蛋白.结论：肝主疏泄功能的正常可能和实体肝组织中的特异表达蛋白质--芳基硫基转移酶、烯酰辅酶A水合酶和转甲状腺素蛋白的不同表达密切相关.     

电针对人脑运动功能区糖代谢的影响

目的比较电针头部穴位和肢体穴位对大脑运动功能区糖代谢的影响。方法采用Talairach大脑立体定位法，运用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）观察运动状态下正常人电针前后大脑细胞葡萄糖代谢的变化。结果①电针百会和左侧曲鬓穴引起双侧大脑顶上小叶、楔前叶葡萄糖代谢增高，但以左侧大脑为主；②电针右侧曲池、足三里等穴位，左侧中央前回、右侧旁中央小叶、额内侧回、双侧小脑、壳核等神经元细胞葡萄糖代谢发生了改变。结论针刺不同穴位均可改变大脑双侧有关运动区域的代谢，不同部位的穴位激活大脑不同的运动功能区。针剌的作用是综合调节的过程。     

异槲皮苷对db/db小鼠肝脏脂肪酸代谢及相关基因表达的影响

[目的]研究异槲皮苷对自发性糖尿病小鼠肝脏脂肪酸代谢相关基因表达的调控作用。[方法]8周龄雄性db/db小鼠随机分为模型组、异槲皮苷组,雄性C57BL/6J小鼠为正常对照组,药物干预4周后,检测小鼠体质量、空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA),肝质量和肝质量/体质量;肝组织苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察肝细胞脂质蓄积;逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)基因表达。[结果]与模型组比较,异槲皮苷组小鼠体质量、FBG、CHO、TG、FFA、肝质量、肝质量/体质量显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);苏木精-伊红(HE)染色肝细胞脂肪变性减轻,肝脏SREBP1c、FAS m RNA表达降低(P0.05;P0.01),PGC1α、PPARαm RNA表达显著升高(P0.05)。[结论]异槲皮苷可以改善db/db小鼠肝脏脂肪酸代谢紊乱,可能是通过下调肝脏SREBP1c、FASm RNA表达,上调肝脏PGC1α、PPARα表达实现的。     

灯盏花MYB基因克隆及其荧光表达载体的构建

目的克隆灯盏花MYB基因的全长序列,为解析灯盏花MYB基因的功能奠定基础。方法根据灯盏花转录组的相关信息,利用RACE方法从灯盏花中克隆到一个可能参与灯盏花乙素合成的MYB基因,在对其cDNA序列、核苷酸序列的相似性、理化性质、疏水性、跨膜结构、二级结构及三级结构进行分析预测的基础上,对其进行多序列比对并构建系统树。同时,还构建了该基因与绿色荧光蛋白的融合表达载体,并进行了初步转化研究。结果克隆获得灯盏花MYB基因,命名为ebMYB06,其开放阅读框为783 bp,编码260个氨基酸残基,相对分子质量为63 800,理论等电点(p I)为5.18,属稳定蛋白。其蛋白二级结构主要由无规卷曲、α-螺旋和β-折叠构成。根据灯盏花MYB与拟南芥MYB(AtMYB)的系统树比对分析结果,发现ebMYB基因与拟南芥中的AtMYB4、7、32、6、8和AtMYB11、12、111 2亚群的基因聚类,推测所克隆基因在结构或功能上,可能与这两组具有共同性。实验还表明所构建的表达可用于灯盏花的高效转化。结论首次从灯盏花中克隆到可能参与其苯丙烷代谢或环境响应调控的MYB基因。     

Nutrient supplementation post ambulation in persons with incomplete spinal cord injuries: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled case series

OBJECTIVE: To examine effects of protein-carbohydrate intake on ambulation performance in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Double-blinded treatment with washout and placebo crossover. SETTING: Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Three subjects aged 34 to 43 years with incomplete SCI at C5-T4. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects walked to fatigue on 5 consecutive days. On fatigue, participants consumed 48g of vanilla-flavored whey and 1g/kg of body weight of carbohydrate (CH(2)O). Weekend rest followed, and the process was repeated. A 2-week washout was interposed and the process repeated using 48g of vanilla-flavored soy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Oxygen consumed (Vo(2); in L/min), carbon dioxide evolved (Vco(2)), respiratory exchange ratio (RER: Vco(2)/Vo(2)), time (in minutes), and distance walked (in meters) were recorded. Caloric expenditure was computed as Vo(2) by time by 21kJ/L (5kcal/L) of oxygen consumed. Data were averaged across the final 2 ambulation sessions for each testing condition. RESULTS: Despite slow ambulation velocities (range, .11-.34m/s), RERs near or above unity reflected reliance on CH(2)O fuel substrates. Average ambulation time to fatigue was 17.8% longer; distance walked 37.9% longer, and energy expenditure 12.2% greater with the whey and CH(2)O supplement than with the soy drink. CONCLUSIONS: Whey and CH(2)O ingestion after fatiguing ambulation enhanced ensuing ambulation by increasing ambulation distance, time, and caloric expenditure in persons with incomplete SCI.     

Metabolism of tissue macrophages in homeostasis and pathology

Cellular metabolism orchestrates the intricate use of tissue fuels for catabolism and anabolism to generate cellular energy and structural components. The emerging field of immunometabolism highlights the importance of cellular metabolism for the maintenance and activities of immune cells. Macrophages are embryo- or adult bone marrow-derived leukocytes that are key for healthy tissue homeostasis but can also contribute to pathologies such as metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, fibrosis or cancer. Macrophage metabolism has largely been studied in vitro. However, different organs contain diverse macrophage populations that specialize in distinct and often tissue-specific functions. This context specificity creates diverging metabolic challenges for tissue macrophage populations to fulfill their homeostatic roles in their particular microenvironment and conditions their response in pathological conditions. Here, we outline current knowledge on the metabolic requirements and adaptations of macrophages located in tissues during homeostasis and selected diseases.     

A glycolytic phenotype is associated with prostate cancer progression and aggressiveness: a role for monocarboxylate transporters as metabolic targets for therapy

Metabolic adaptation is considered an emerging hallmark of cancer, whereby cancer cells exhibit high rates of glucose consumption with consequent lactate production. To ensure rapid efflux of lactate, most cancer cells express high levels of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), which therefore may constitute suitable therapeutic targets. The impact of MCT inhibition, along with the clinical impact of altered cellular metabolism during prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression, has not been described. Using a large cohort of human prostate tissues of different grades, in silico data, in vitro and ex vivo studies, we demonstrate the metabolic heterogeneity of PCa and its clinical relevance. We show an increased glycolytic phenotype in advanced stages of PCa and its correlation with poor prognosis. Finally, we present evidence supporting MCTs as suitable targets in PCa, affecting not only cancer cell proliferation and survival but also the expression of a number of hypoxia‐inducible factor target genes associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we suggest that patients with highly glycolytic tumours have poorer outcome, supporting the notion of targeting glycolytic tumour cells in prostate cancer through the use of MCT inhibitors. © 2015 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.     

Perturbation of mouse glioma MRS pattern by induced acute hyperglycemia

(1)H MRS is evolving into an invaluable tool for brain tumor classification in humans based on pattern recognition analysis, but there is still room for improvement. Here we propose a new approach: to challenge tumor metabolism in vivo by a defined perturbation, and study the induced changes in MRS pattern. For this we recorded single voxel (1)H MR spectra from mice bearing a stereotactically induced GL261 grade IV brain glioma during a period of induced acute hyperglycemia. A total of 29 C57BL/6 mice were used. Single voxel spectra were acquired at 7 T with point resolved spectroscopy and TE of 12, 30 and 136 ms. Tumors were induced by stereotactic injection of 10(5) GL261cells in 17 mice. Hyperglycemia (up to 338 +/- 36 mg/dL glucose in the blood) was induced by intraperitoneal bolus injection. Maximal increases in glucose resonances of up to 2.4-fold were recorded from tumors in vivo. Our observations are in agreement with extracellular accumulation of glucose, which may suggest that glucose transport and/or metabolism are working close to their maximum capacity in GL261 tumors. The significant and specific MRS pattern changes observed when comparing euglycemia and hyperglycemia may be of use for future pattern-recognition studies of animal and human brain tumors by enhancing MRS-based discrimination between tumor types and grades.