The Relationship Between Daily Life Stress and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Women with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Research on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal (GI) system, has linked GI symptoms to stress. This study examined the relationship between daily stress and GI symptoms across women and within woman in IBS patients (n = 26), IBS nonpatients (IBS-NP; n = 23), and controls (n = 26), controlling for menstrual cycle phase. Women (ages 20–45) completed daily health diaries for two cycles in which they monitored daily GI symptoms and stress levels. The Life Event Survey (LES) was used as a retrospective measure of self-reported stress. The across-women analyses showed higher mean GI symptoms and stress in the IBS and IBS-NP groups relative to controls but no group differences in LES scores. The within-woman analyses found a significant and positive relationship between daily stress and daily symptoms in both the IBS-NP and the IBS groups. Controlling for menstrual cycle had no substantial impact on the results.     

Terminal transverse limb defects and early chorionic villus sampling: Evaluation of 4,300 cases with completed follow-up

Data from 4,300 consecutive cases following prenatal diagnosis by transcervical (TC) CVS (n = (1,570) and transabdominal (TA) CVS (n = 2,370) were evaluated. In the follow-up study only infants examined by a physician were included. Gestational age varied between 8.5 and 11.6 weeks (mean 10.3 weeks) for TC-CVS and between 9.3 and 20 weeks (mean 12.3 weeks) for TA-CVS 98% of TC-CVS was performed at 9–10 weeks, 80.7% of TA-CVS procedures were carried out at 12–15 weeks. Selective termination took place in 97 cases of TC-CVS (6.1%) and in 72 cases of TA-CVS (2.6%). Another 8 Women had a termination for psychosocial reasons, resulting in 4,123 (1,469 TC, 2,645 TA) continuing pregnancies. The overall fetal loss rare <28 weeks was 5.4% (n = 80) for TC-CVS and 2.6% (n = 70) for TA-CVS. The overall incidence of congenital abnormalities after birth was 0.9%. Two terminal transversal limb defects were detected in the TC-CVS group (0.14%) against one (0.04%) in the TA-CVS group. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

More than wisdom

This paper presents and interprets empirical findings from field studies in a Bambara village in the Republic of Mali in order to place the traditional position of the elderly in cultural context. The significance of a seniority principle underlying the social structure of African society is emphasized. Thus attitude and behavioral changes which affect the status of the elderly have wider ramifications for the society as a whole. Attention centers on the role of age sets, myth and ritual, ancestor worship and socialization practices as elements of a total cultural system in which the rules of seniority provide an organizing force. In the last section, the ways in which social change threatens the viability of a social system governed by the seniority principle are reviewed. Signs of breaks in the solidarity of the traditional community are noted. Finally, two strategies for improving the position of the elderly in the African countryside as the traditional system disintegrates are proposed.To the people of Sonongo in gratitude.     

贵阳市婴幼儿和青少年发育调查研究 Ⅰ．骨龄研究

对贵阳市１５００名健康婴幼儿童和青少年进行骨发育的调查，根据手腕部骨Ｘ线解剖变化规律，观察每块骨从出现至成熟的过程中，骨化点的出现顺序、数量、形态和密度的改变等指标的系列变化，提出了骨发育评价标准。可供我省运动员选材、儿童少年发育咨询和临床治疗参考。     

Psychiatric morbidity among people aged 85+ in 1987. A follow-up study at two and a half years: Associations with changes in psychiatric morbidity

This article reports findings from a longitudinal survey of very elderly people living at home in London. The research aimed to identify social, psychological and physical characteristics associated with positive ageing and successful survival in the community in later life and its converse—negative ageing—as well as the associated policy implications. Associations with psychiatric morbidity, measured using the General Health Questionnaire, among sample members without cognitive impairment between the baseline interviews in 1987 and at follow-up, two and a half years later in 1990, are reported. Twenty-five per cent of survivors scored over the threshold of the GHQ in 1987 and 30% scored over the threshold in 1990. Half of those with a score over the threshold in 1990 also scored over the threshold in 1987. Hierarchical regression (using residualized change analysis) was used to estimate the effects of the independent variables on changes in psychiatric morbidity. The most significant predictor of psychiatric morbidity (GHQ score) in 1990 was baseline GHQ score, followed by health and functional status scores. Health and functional status were also the strongest predictors of baseline (1987) GHQ scores. The uniqueness of the study lies in the collection of follow-up data on a sample of very elderly people, given that most surveys are corss-sectional and contain too few people aged 85+ to merit separate analysis. It contributes to the small body of literature on outcome of depression. The lack of consistent associations with recovery from psychiatric morbidity in the literature enhances the importance of studies aiming to identify factors associated with different outcomes.     

Intraoperative radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary treatment of bone sarcomas in children and adolescents

From September 1984 to December 1989, 38 patients of pediatric age with localized bone sarcomas received intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) as part of a multidisci plinary treatment program. The age ranged from 6 to 21 years. The tumor histologies were 22 osteosarcomas and 16 Ewing's sarcomas. Thirty-four had initial primary disease (90%) and 4 were treated for local recurrence (10%). IORT was used on 32 untreated patients and in 6 previously treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBR). The IORT field included the surgically exposed tumor bed area. Single radiation doses ranging from 10 to 20 Gy were delivered, using 6–20 MeV electron beams. The median follow-up time for the entire group is 25 months (2–65+ months). The projected 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates are 65% and 69%, respectively. One patient developed a local recurrence in each histological group: one chondroblastic osteosarcoma and one cervical Ewing's sarcoma. Six patients died from metastatic progression: 3 initially recurrent tumors and three primary disease cases. Severe neuropathy and soft tissue necrosis were seen in some patients as IORT related complications. IORT is a feasible technique to be integrated in multidisciplinary programs that may promote local control in pediatric and adolescent patients with bone sarcomas. Peripheral nerves are dose-limiting tissue structures for IORT.     

论网络化时代电视教材的重要性

针对教学实践中重视计算机辅助教学忽视电视教材的倾向，本文通过对网络时代中电视教材的作用和地位的分析，阐述了加强计算机辅助教学的必要性和加强电视教材制作及应用的重要性以及二者间的关系。     

Induced abortion in China and the advances of post abortion family planning service

<正>This is a review of current situation of induced abortion and post abortion family planning service in China. Induced abortion is an important issue in reproductive health. This article reviewed the distribution of induced abortion in various time, areas, and population in China, and explored the character, reason, and harm to reproductive health of induced abortion. Furthermore, this article introduces the concept of Quality of Care Program in Family Planning, and discusses how important and necessary it is to introduce Quality of Care Program in Family Planning to China.     

孕期心理干预对产后情绪的影响

目的探讨孕期对孕妇及家属给予心理干预对产后抑郁、焦虑情绪的影响。方法对270名孕妇和268名孕妇家属分别进行心理干预,对照组269名孕妇接受一般教育,干预组及对照组在孕期填写一般情况调查表及SDS、SAS量表,产后1周、1个月、6个月填写SDS、SAS量表。结果干预组产后抑郁焦虑发生率较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论孕期加强对孕妇及家属的心理教育有利于稳定情绪,降低产后抑郁、焦虑的发生。     

产后出血的预防和护理（附117例分析）

目的探讨产后出血的原因与护理、预防的方法，确保产妇安全。方法回顾性分析本组产妇分娩后大出血的病情观察、护理、治疗和预防的方法。结果经过精心护理和积极治疗，及时止血，解除了病人的紧张情绪，117例病人平均住院8d，均痊愈出院。结论加强对产妇，特别是产后出血病人的护理，对预防和及时控制出血，加快病人康复有重要意义。