Gene expression changes induced by ochratoxin A in renal and hepatic tissues of male F344 rat after oral repeated administration

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a naturally occurring mycotoxin, is nephrotoxic in all animal species tested and is considered a potent renal carcinogen, particularly in male rats. Its mechanism of toxicity is still unknown, although oxidative stress appears to be a plausible mechanism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the biological pathways that are modulated in vivo by OTA in male F344 rats in order to gain further insight into its mechanism of renal toxicity. Rats were gavaged daily with OTA (500 microg/kg bw) and gene expression profiles in target and non-target organs were analyzed after 7 and 21 days administration. As was expected, a time-dependent increase of OTA concentrations was found in plasma, kidney and liver, with the concentrations found in both tissues being quite similar. However, histopathological examinations only revealed changes in kidney; signs of nephrotoxicity involving single cell necrosis and karyomegalic nuclei were observed in the treated rats. The number of differentially expressed genes in kidney was much higher than in liver (541 versus 11 at both time points). Several similarities were observed with other in vivo gene expression data. However, great differences were found with previous in vitro gene expression data, with the exception of DNA damage response which was not observed at mRNA level in any of our study conditions. Down-regulation was the predominant effect. Oxidative stress response pathway and genes involved in metabolism and transport were inhibited at both time points. RGN (regucalcin) - a gene implicated in calcium homeostasis - was strongly inhibited at both time points and genes implicated in cell survival and proliferation were up-regulated at day 21. Moreover, translation factors and annexin genes were up-regulated at both time points. Apart from oxidative stress, alterations of the calcium homeostasis and cytoskeleton structure may be present at the first events of OTA toxicity.     

重症肺炎患者机械通气排气管路细菌学特征分析

目的:研究重症细菌性肺炎机械通气患者下呼吸道分泌物、呼吸机呼气管道冷凝水和呼吸机排出气的细菌学特征。方法:对74例重症细菌性肺炎患者在机械通气治疗24h时分别采集下呼吸道分泌物、呼吸机排气管冷凝水、呼吸机排出气的标本,进行半定量细菌培养。结果:74例下呼吸道分泌物中细菌培养阳性64例;呼气管冷凝水细菌培养阳性51例,与其下呼吸道分泌物培养结果的符合率为96.08%(49/51);呼吸机排气口气体细菌培养阳性35例,与下呼吸道分泌物培养结果的符合率为91.43%(32/35),与冷凝水培养结果的符合率为97.14%(34/35)。结论:重症肺炎应适当缩短呼吸机管道更换间隔(24h);致病菌由呼吸道→呼吸机管路→呼吸机排出气的传播路径不容忽视;机械通气患者呼气管冷凝水细菌培养结果对呼吸道病原学诊断具有借鉴意义。     

小儿支原体肺炎发生闭塞性细支气管炎的高危因素临床分析

目的对小儿支原体肺炎发生闭塞性细支气管炎的临床高危因素进行研究,为临床预防支原体肺炎中闭塞性细支气管炎的发生提供可能的支持。方法随机选取2002年至2010年140例支原体肺炎患儿分为两组,确诊为闭塞性细支气管炎患儿的60例作为观察组;无闭塞性细支气管炎患儿80例作为对照组,两组年龄及性别统计学无显著差异性。观察两组患儿在病程中高热持续天数,MP-IgM血清水平,CRP及血沉血清水平,白细胞水平,咳嗽症状,有无胸腔积液,肺部有无哮鸣音,有无肺不张,有无肺外合并症。再将阳性结果放入Logistic回归方程进行多因素分析。结果发现支原体肺炎发生闭塞性细支气管炎组患儿MP-IgM血清水平、CRP及血沉较无闭塞性支气管炎组明显增高,P<0.01,有显著统计学差异。支原体肺炎发生闭塞性细支气管炎组患儿高热持续时间>5d、咳嗽症状剧烈、胸腔积液、肺部有哮鸣音较无闭塞性细支气管炎组患儿发生率高,P<0.01,有显著统计学意义。将上述高危因素放入Logistic回归方程进行多因素分析,发现MP-IgM及CRP血清水平明显增高、肺部有哮鸣音、咳嗽症状剧烈与闭塞性细支气管炎的发生有显著相关性。结论 MP-IgM血清水平、CRP及血沉血清水平越高,高热持续时间越长,咳嗽症状越剧烈,并伴有胸腔积液、肺部哮鸣音是可能发生闭塞性支气管炎的高危因素。MP-IgM及CRP血清水平、肺部有哮鸣音、咳嗽症状剧烈与闭塞性细支气管炎的发生有显著相关性。     

氨溴特罗联合阿奇霉素治疗70例小儿支原体肺炎的疗效评价

目的 评价氨溴特罗联合阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎患儿的疗效.方法 支原体肺炎患儿140例,分为观察组和对照组.对照组采用阿奇霉素治疗,观察组采用阿奇霉素联合氨溴特罗治疗.结果 观察组总有效率为95.71%高于对照组85.71%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组支原体肺炎患儿均未见严重不良反应事件.结论 氨溴特罗联合阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎患儿疗效可靠.     

头孢曲松他唑巴坦钠联合盐酸氨溴索治疗老年急性肺炎的临床疗效观察

目的探讨头孢曲松他唑巴坦钠联合盐酸氨溴索治疗老年急性肺炎的临床疗效。方法本院2011年10月～2012年1月收治的78例患者,经确诊为急性肺炎,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组应用头孢曲松他唑巴坦钠联合盐酸氨溴索治疗,时照组应用盐酸左氧氟沙星治疗。结果治疗组有效率、X线胸片炎症吸收率及细菌清除率明显优于对照组。结论头孢曲松他唑巴坦钠联合盐酸氨溴索治疗老年急性肺炎比应用盐酸左氧氟沙星疗效确切．并能有效地克服单一用药的不足,值得临床推广使用。     

清肺止痉活血法治疗儿童支原体肺炎的临床效果观察

目的 探究清肺止痉活血法治疗儿童支原体肺炎的临床疗效.方法 我院收治的支原体肺炎患儿92例,随机均分为两组,对照组予以阿奇霉素治疗,观察组在此基础上予以清肺止痉活血法治疗,观察对比两组临床疗效及用药安全性.结果 观察组总有效率为93.5％,明显高于对照组的78.3％,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.39,P＜0.05);观察组退热时间[(3.1±1.2)d]、止咳时间[(4.1±1.4)d]、肺部啰音消失时间[(5.2±1.6)d]、住院时间[(7.4±1.5)d]均短于对照组[(5.6±1.5)d、(7.8±1.6)d、(7.9±1.3)d、(9.8±1.4)d],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组用药期间未发生严重药物不良反应.结论 小儿支原体肺炎患儿予以清肺止痉活血法治疗的效果明显,安全可靠.     

孟鲁司特钠联合喜炎平注射液治疗小儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎的临床研究

目的 探讨孟鲁司特钠联合喜炎平注射液治疗小儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎的疗效观察。方法 选取2018年1月—2019年12月阜南县人民医院收治的90例小儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎患儿,按照治疗方法将患儿分为对照组和观察组,每组各45例。对照组喜炎平注射液与100 mL 5%葡萄糖溶液混合静脉滴注,5 mg/（kg·d）,1次/d,疗程为2周。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上口服孟鲁司特钠片,10 mg/次,1次/d,持续治疗2周。对比两组患者临床治疗效果、临床症状改善时间、可溶性细胞间黏附分子1（sICAM-1）、半胱氨酰白三烯（CysLTs）水平及再次喘息发生率。结果 治疗后,观察组临床总有效率为95.56%,显著高于对照组的80.00%,差异具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。治疗后,观察组患者喘息改善时间,退烧时间和啰音消失时间均短于对照组,差异具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组外周血sICAM-1、CysLTs水平均低于治疗前,且观察组外周血sICAM-1、CysLTs水平显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。治疗期间,观察组再次喘息发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论 孟鲁司特钠联合喜炎平注射液治疗小儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎有较好的疗效,有助于降低sICAM-1和CysLTs水平,临床上值得继续推广。     

莫西沙星片联合青霉素经验性治疗非重症社区获得性肺炎的疗效观察

目的:观察莫西沙星片联合青霉素经验性治疗非重症社区获得性肺炎的疗效及安全性。方法:137例门诊非重症社区获得性肺炎患者随机分组,试验组69例,给予莫西沙星片400 mg、qd、口服,联合青霉素480万单位、静脉滴注、bid,疗程6 d;对照组68例,给予莫西沙星氯化钠注射液400 mg、静脉滴注、qd,联合青霉素480万单位、静脉滴注、bid,疗程6 d。观察两组患者的疗效和不良反应。结果:试验组与对照组的治愈率分别为56.52%、60.29%(χ2=0.125,P>0.05),有效率分别为91.30%、94.12%(χ2=0.213,P>0.05)。结论:莫西沙星片联合青霉素经验性治疗门诊非重症社区获得性肺炎是一种既有效又经济的治疗方案。     

呼吸病区抗菌药物使用量与肺炎克雷伯菌耐药的相关性分析

目的了解2003～2007年呼吸病区抗菌药物使用量与痰培养肺炎克雷伯菌耐药变化之间的相关性。方法统计9种抗菌药物平均每日每百张床位所消耗的用药频度(DDD s/100BD)与同期肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率,并对抗菌药物用量与耐药率进行相关性分析。结果头孢他啶及头孢吡肟使用量分别与肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢吡肟耐药率的相关性有统计学意义(P<0.05);头孢吡肟用量亦与肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢他啶、环丙沙星的耐药率的相关性有统计学意义(P<0.05);而头孢哌酮/舒巴坦使用量与肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松耐药率的相关性亦有统计学意义(P<0.05);其他组数据无统计学意义。结论呼吸病区抗菌药物使用量与肺炎克雷伯菌耐药水平变化之间存在相关关系。     

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), also called the human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus [HTLV-III/LAV], has affected over 23,000 people; more than half of those with the disease have died. The actual case fatality rate approaches 100%. AIDS affects all groups and classes of people, although some are at special risk. Distribution of the disease is worldwide. The illness' effects on the body are widespread; of special interest are the ophthalmologic manifestations. The eye may be infected by various viruses (cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, herpes simples virus or HIV itself), toxoplasma gondii, candida sp, cryptococcus neoformans, M. tuberculosis, or M. avium-intracellulare. Kaposi's sarcoma may affect the eye as well. Retinal vascular abnormalities (e.g., cotton-wool spots, vasculitis) are not uncommon in AIDS. The syndrome may present with neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations. No effective treatment for the illness is currently available, although several hold promise and there is hope for an AIDS vaccine. Prevention of infection through reduction of risks appears to be the only defense against AIDS at this time.