三维牵引配合正骨手法治疗Ⅲ型小儿肱骨髁上骨折

目的：探讨分析非手术疗法治疗Ⅲ型（严重移位型）小儿肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法：对62例Ⅲ型小儿肱骨髁上骨折病例,按就诊顺序随机分为三维牵引手法复位组32例（治疗组）和切开复位内固定组30例（对照组）,所有病例均治疗随访8个月～2年。按肘关节功能评价系统（JOA）对疗效进行比较评定。结果：治疗组优良率87.5%,对照组优良率66.7%。治疗组的优良率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：三维牵引配合正骨手法治疗Ⅲ型小儿肱骨髁上骨折疗效好,值得临床推广。     

主动服务与减少医患纠纷的相关性研究

目的了解2010年1月-2012年1月两年来开展主动服务与减少医患纠纷的相关性研究。为防范医疗纠纷,构建和谐医患关系提供有价值的参考依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样调查的方法,对1627人进行问卷调查、电话回访等方式收集信息。结果开展主动服务以来,病人的满意度明显提高,达到99.12%;医疗纠纷发生显著减少,发生率为0.24%,显著低于国家统计数字。结论主动服务能提高医患互信,有利于构建和谐医患关系,能减少医患纠纷的发生,降低医患纠纷的发生率,有力于患者康复,有力于社会稳定;有利于树立医疗行业的行业形象。     

降低临床用血计划差异率

目的降低临床用血计划差异率。方法QC小组活动。结果经过改进,医院年临床用血（红细胞量）计划差异率由2009年的25．35％、2010年的45．22％降至2011年的-1．56％,达到了活动目标。结论QC小组活动的开展,降低了医院临床用血计划差异率,拓宽了管理人员思路,促进了临床合理、节约用血,确保了输血安全。     

How does syringe distribution in prison affect consumption of illegal drugs by prisoners?

Drug injection and syringe sharing is common among IDUs in prison. As a consequence, the prevalence of blood-borne viral infections is several-fold higher in prison than in the corresponding communities. Prisoners have been denied access to syringe exchange programmes, even though they have been proven to be highly effective in community settings. A 12-month harm reduction programme which included syringe exchange was introduced into the only female prison (Hindelbank) in Switzerland. The programme was studied for 12 months (pilot phase). After the programme was completed, there was follow-up 12 months later (follow-up phase). Baseline data were collected on 137 of 161 prisoners. Follow up-data were collected on 57 of 64 prisoners. Participants were interviewed several times about their use and injection of drugs and their shared use of syringes. Additional data on the number of syringes exchanged were also collected. Reports of drug use and injection in prison did not increase. The exchange of syringes was related to drug availability. Frequency of drug use increased in relation to duration of incarceration. Frequency of drug use decreased the longer the project had been implemented. None of the main arguments raised against the introduction of syringe distribution into prison, such as assault or an increase in drug injecting, was evident in this study. The results, although limited by the nature and the size of the prison, suggest that syringe exchange has a role in the prison setting.     

Microscopic examination of hippocampal slices after short-term lead exposure in vitro

By using light microscopic, electron microscopic and morphometric methods 450 μm thick slices of guinea pig hippocampus were studied after 5-hr incubation as controls in normal media and after incubation in media containing 40 μM lead acetate. Pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region and the granule cells of the fascia dentata were well preserved in the center of the slice, whereas neuronal structures in outer parts of the slice were either vacuolated or hyperchromatic and shrunken. Most of the CA4 neurons were lytic except for a few in the center of the slice. Morphometric analysis of the pyramidal layer of CA1 yielded approximately 55% well-preserved pyramidal neurons both in lead-exposed slices and in slices incubated in normal media. Electron microscopic examination of the CA1 region demonstrated no ultrastructural changes of lead-exposed slices compared to control. In conclusion, the reduction of evoked neuronal activities in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices during short-term lead exposure in vitro appears not to be linked to a specific neuropathological lesion.     

Surgical treatment of mammary hyperplasia during pregnancy

Reduction mammaplasty is an effective procedure and the treatment of choice for symptomatic breast hypertrophy. Two unusual cases of reduction mammaplasty are reported. After uneventful immediate postoperative courses, two unusual wound complications occurred requiring further treatment. It was discovered retrospectively that the two women (21 and 24 years old) were pregnant. There was no other cause to explain the skin problems which were encountered. It is suggested that a pregnancy test may be needed before undertaking reduction mammaplasty. Received: 25 May 1999 / Accepted: 10 August 1999     

Personal refinements in the single pedicle skoog technique for reduction mammaplasty

A review of the Skoog technique for reduction mammaplasty is presented. A laterally based single pedicle is used for transposition of the nipple-areola flap, deriving its blood supply from a cutaneous vasculature. From our experience using this procedure in a majority of patients, we have developed specific refinements starting with the preoperative planning and including various modifications in the operative technique. The advantages of these refinements are discussed as well as their contribution to the final aesthetic result.     

氨甲基吡嗪的制备新方法

目的：以氰基吡嗪为原料制备氨甲基吡嗪。方法：用红铝作为还原剂还原氰基吡嗪制备氨甲基吡嗪。结果：得到了较优的反应条件：氰基吡嗪与红铝的摩尔量配比为1：2，反应温度为0℃，反应时间为2小时。氨甲基吡嗪的收率为38％，反应条件温和。结论：本方法操作简便，还原程度可控，后处理方便。     

Gambling Addiction as a Pathology: Some Markers for Empowerment

Defined by researchers as “a silent epidemic” the gambling phenomenon is a social problem that is having negative impact on individuals, families and communities. Among these effects are seen a dismantling of community networks, weakening of family and social ties, psychiatric co-morbidity, suicides and lately more homelessness. Youth, women, elderly, deprived citizens and native communities constitute the social groups that seem to suffer more from gambling accessibility when compared to others. Without pretending to cover all these aspects, we intend, from a social critical perspective, to highlight some of the major psychosocial stakes of the gambling phenomenon. After a brief historical overview underlining the social construction of gambling as a pathology, we will address issues such as the social and ethical contradictions of governments when managing gambling and the heated debate around the disease model of addiction versus a multifactorial approach to this phenomenon. Finally, we propose markers for empowerment while comparing the disease model and the harm reduction one. We hope that these markers can contribute to transfer some power to individuals and their social networks, activate the therapeutic processes and advance the debate on the complex issues that gambling represents in our society.