丙硫咪唑治疗包虫病的实验研究与临床观察

细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴在体外培养中与3种不同浓度的丙硫咪唑(10μg/ml,20μg/ml,40μg/ml)作用96小时后,原头蚴死亡率分别为48.5±3.2％、55.6±3.8％、66.4±4.2％。扫描电镜观察可见原头蚴多呈外翻型,顶突界面缺损,部分头钩脱落,吸盘变形,体表出现边缘不整齐的凹陷及皮层细胞脱落。丙硫咪唑治疗继发性小鼠包虫病(0.1g·kg·d×10,灌胃)的囊肿减轻率为72.2％,与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。丙硫咪唑用于治疗10例细粒棘球蚴病患者(15mg·kg·d,连服14天为一疗程,每例4～12疗程),提示有较好的近期疗效,可能是一种有希望的抗包虫药物。     

新辅助化疗联合肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗晚期上皮性卵巢癌的随访观察

目的:新辅助化疗(NACT)联合肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗晚期上皮性卵巢癌的随访观察。方法:将纳入研究的128例晚期上皮性卵巢癌依据术前评估能否进行理想细胞减灭术分为观察组(67例)和对照组(61例),观察组无法进行理想细胞减灭术,故先给予NACT,之后行肿瘤细胞减灭及常规化疗;对照组可进行理想细胞减灭术,给予肿瘤细胞减灭术及常规化疗。6~8个化疗周期后观察两组患者疗效以及人附睾分泌蛋白4(HE4)、糖类多肽抗原125(CA_(125))变化,随访3年统计生存率及复查HE4、CA_(125)。结果:观察组总有效率71.64%,对照组总有效率41.79%,两组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.7704,P0.05)。治疗后,两组HE4、CA_(125)均较本组治疗前明显下降(P0.05),且观察组下降幅度更大,两组治疗后各指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访1年,观察组生存率89.55%(60/67),对照组生存率80.33%(49/61),两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.1494,P0.05),但两组HE4、CA_(125)水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访3年,观察组生存率73.13%(49/67),对照组生存率50.75%(34/61),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.2389,P0.05),两组HE4、CA_(125)水平差异也有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:NACT联合肿瘤细胞减灭术可提高晚期上皮性卵巢癌的临床疗效,有助于改善患者预后。     

Determination of carnosic acid in Rosmarinus officinalis L. using square wave voltammetry and electrochemical behavior

A new, fast, sensitive and simple voltammetric method is established for the direct determination of carnosic acid (CA). And the electroreduction of carnosic acid (CA) was studied using electrochemical methods. The number of electrons transferred in electrode mechanisms were calculated for reversible and adsorption-controlled electrochemical reduction of CA at 17 mV versus Ag/AgCl at pH 7.0 in Britton–Robinson buffer (BR) on a hanging mercury drop electrode. Square-wave voltammetry was developed and validated for direct determination of CA. Square-wave parameters were optimized as accumulation potential = 0.0 mV, accumulation time = 5 s, frequency = 50 Hz, pulse amplitude = 50 mV, and staircase step potential = 5 mV. The developed method displays three linear responses from 2 to 9 μM, 10 to 30 and 40 to 90 μM for carnosic acid with a correlation coefficient of 0.996, 0.999 and 0.999. The detection limits were found to be 1.5 μM, 4.0 μM and 40.1 μM, respectively. The interference effect of most common organic and inorganic species was investigated. Proposed method was successfully applied for determination of CA in natural extract of rosemary and the average content was determined as 11.9 ± 1.0 (μg CA/1 g rosemary). The results were in agreement with that obtained by HPLC-UV comparison method. The developed method can be widely used in routine quality control of herbal materials as well as other in foods, medicinal, pharmaceutical and environmental analysis.     

Measures of initiation and progression to increased smoking among current menthol compared to non-menthol cigarette smokers based on data from four U.S. government surveys

There are no large-scale, carefully designed cohort studies that provide evidence on whether menthol cigarette use is associated with a differential risk of initiating and/or progressing to increased smoking. However, questions of whether current menthol cigarette smokers initiated smoking at a younger age or are more likely to have transitioned from non-daily to daily cigarette use compared to non-menthol smokers can be addressed using cross-sectional data from U.S. government surveys. Analyses of nationally representative samples of adult and youth smokers indicate that current menthol cigarette use is not associated with an earlier age of having initiated smoking or greater likelihood of being a daily versus non-daily smoker. Some surveys likewise provide information on cigarette type preference (menthol versus non-menthol) among youth at different stages or trajectories of smoking, based on number of days smoked during the past month and/or cigarettes smoked per day. Prevalence of menthol cigarette use does not appear to differ among new, less experienced youth smokers compared to established youth smokers. While there are limitations with regard to inferences that can be drawn from cross-sectional analyses, these data do not suggest any adverse effects for menthol cigarettes on measures of initiation and progression to increased smoking.     

彩超诊断小儿肠套叠的价值及临床意义

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对小儿肠套叠的诊断价值及临床意义。方法选择驻马店市中心医院2009年6月至2012年6月158例经彩色多普勒超声诊断为小儿肠套叠,并经空气灌肠或手术复位证实的小儿肠套叠资料进行回顾性分析。结果158例小儿肠套叠,150例为右侧腹部肠套,8例为非右侧腹部肠套,均先行彩色多普勒超声检查,经x线透视空气灌肠成功复位144例,手术10例。肠套叠的超声特征性改变为“同心圆征”和“套筒征”。结论彩色多普勒超声检查对小儿肠套叠的诊断有特异性,是目前诊断小儿肠套叠的首选方法,对临床治疗有重要参考价值。     

Comparison of the PRNT and an immune fluorescence assay in yellow fever vaccinees receiving immunosuppressive medication

BackgroundThe 17D-yellow fever (YF) vaccination is considered contraindicated in immune-compromised patients; however, accidental vaccination occurs. In this population, measuring the immune response is useful in clinical practice.MethodsIn this study we compare two antibody tests (the Immune Fluorescence Assay and the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test) in a group of Dutch immune-compromised travellers with a median of 33 days (IQR [28–49]) after primary YF vaccination.ResultsWe collected samples of 15 immune-compromised vaccinees vaccinated with the 17D yellow fever vaccine between 2004 and 2012. All samples measured in the plaque reduction neutralization test yielded positive results (>80% virus neutralization with a 1:10 serum dilution). Immune Fluorescence Assay sensitivity was 28% (95% CI [0.12–0.49]). No adverse events were reported.ConclusionsAll immune-compromised patients mounted an adequate response with protective levels of virus neutralizing antibodies to the 17-D YF vaccine. No adverse effects were reported. Compared to the plaque reduction neutralization test, the sensitivity of the Immune Fluorescence Assay test was low. Further research is needed to ascertain that 17D vaccination in immune-compromised patients is safe.     

In Vivo Reoxidation Kinetics of Free Thiols in Multiple Domains of IgG1 Antibodies in Rats

While free thiols in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been extensively characterized by in vitro studies to probe its effect on antibody function and stability, their in vivo biotransformation has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, a panel of five recombinant IgG1 mAbs with elevated free thiols in the VH, VL, and CH2 domains were intravenously administered into Wistar rats. In vivo biotransformation of thirty-five free thiol sites in total (7 disulfide pairs in VL, CL, VH, CH1, HH, CH2, CH3 domains across the 5 mAbs) were monitored using a denaturing differential isotopic tagging procedure on immunopurified timepoints followed by LC-MS of tryptic digests. The free thiol levels in two VH domain and one CH2 domain disulfide sites decreased in vivo following first order kinetics. Free thiol levels of the remaining 32 sites were remarkably stable in vivo. Further analytical characterization highlighted a positive association between a free thiol's solvent accessibility and a free thiol's reoxidation propensity. The data and discussion presented here shed valuable insights into the in vivo fate of free thiols in several recombinant IgG1s and its implications for free thiols as a product quality attribute in therapeutic mAb products.     

5-羟基-5H-[1]-苯并吡喃[2,3-b]吡啶的制备

目的改进5-羟基-5H-[1]-苯并吡喃[2,3-b]吡啶的合成工艺。方法以2-氯烟酸为起始原料,经亲核取代、环合和还原制得目标化合物。结果总收率68.6%,产物经熔点和1HNMR确证。结论改进后的工艺具有操作简便,对环境友好,收率高等优点。     

儿童肠套叠空气灌肠整复成功与否的相关因素探讨

目的探讨影响儿童肠套叠空气灌肠的整复成功率的相关因素。方法回顾分析2004年1月至2007年6月中236例儿童肠套叠空气灌肠整复率和其中32例灌肠复位失败的情况。所有病例对整复率与病程的长短、套叠部位的关系进行了分析。结果整复率与病程的长短（〈12h为95.2%,12-24h为87.1%,24-72h为53.3%）、套叠部位远近（肝曲近侧为92.59%,横结肠的整复率为85.20%,降结肠到乙状结肠为80.20%）密切相关;整复率随病程延长而递减;套叠部位愈远,整复率愈低。结论影响空气灌肠整复成功与否有多种因素,两种以上因素组合较单一因素更能预示灌肠复位的难易。     

Classification and reduction manipulation of fractures in Chinese traditional Mongolian osteopathy

Objective

To explore the concept of classification and reduction manipulation of fractures in Chinese traditional Mongolian osteopathy.

Methods

Based on the linear classification of fractures in Chinese traditional Mongolian osteopathy and the practice of reduction manipulation, a dynamic classification and reduction manipulation concept of fractures was established with the use of modern biomechanical principles and methods.

Results

We classified the linear classification and reduction manipulation of fractures in Chinese traditional Mongolian osteopathy based on the achievement of fracture line and used the cause of the formation of the fracture line for our dynamic classification and reduction manipulation of fractures concept.

Conclusion

The etiology of the formation of fracture lines can be used to decrease diagnostic error, increase therapeutic effects of manipulation, and further provide a new concept and method for the development of the reduction concept of fractures.