基于医疗伦理观的医疗质量成本计量与决策分析

医疗质量成本是建立在医疗伦理基础上的决策过程中或医疗服务决策时所必须考虑的一个重要因素。基于医疗伦理观的医疗信誉成本的正确计量及决策分析是医疗卫生机构提升医疗服务价值的关键所在。     

大学生心理素质与思想品德发展的关系

研究大学生心理素质与思想品德发展的关系，目的在于分析、发现个体在接受教育过程中的心理运动规律，从而提高思想教育的实效性。本文从马克思主义认识论和实践论的观点出发，依据教育心理学的原理，探讨了心理健康教育与思想品德教育的内在联系和相互作用，提出良好的心理素质是大学生思想品德发展的基础的观点。认为品德的形成与人的心理活动息息相关，个体如果没有良好的品德，将影响其心理素质的完善；同样，没有健全的心理素质，思想品德也不能得到很好的发展。只有思想品德教育与心理健康教育协调发展，共同作用，才能收到良好的教育效果。     

西医院校在中医学教学方面亟待解决的几个问题

西医院校的中医学教育，在学时、教材、师资等方面存在着诸多制约因素。要全面提高西医院校的中医学教学质量，必须摆正其教育地位，调整和充实教学内容，加强师资队伍建设，改进教学方式与方法，逐步建立健全全新的中医学教学模式。     

现代医院组织形象塑造

未来医院的生存竞争不再是某一方面、某一层次的竞争，而是全方位、整体性的组织形象6寺竞争。如何塑造医院的良好形象已成为重要的课题。塑造医院形象最为重要的是在以下环节：树立“品牌经营”的管理理念；实现优质服务，形成各自的服务特色；利用现代营销手段成功实现医院组织形象的推广。使之得到社会公众的认可和支持。     

Sperm chromatin integrity in young men with no experiences of infertility and men from idiopathic infertility couples

Damage to the genetic component of spermatozoa seems to play the main role in a majority of cases where current approaches fail to reveal the specific cause of male infertility. In this study, we compared semen quality in men assigned to two defined groups: men from couples with unexplained infertility – idiopathic infertility (A) and young men with no experiences of infertility (B). All samples were examined by standard ejaculate analysis and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). Sperm chromatin damage was significantly higher in men from group A than in those from group B. Similar results were obtained by comparison of men from group A (all men were normozoospermic) with normozoospermic men from group B. According to these results, we can suppose that chromatin disorders may be the causal factor of subfertility or infertility in some of these men. No evidence for a strong association between chromatin disorders and standard parameters of ejaculates was found. We failed to confirm a relationship between smoking and sperm quality in men from any of the investigated groups. SCSA is a method that facilitates the identification of infertile men who otherwise show normal semen variables.     

Quantification of Basal and Stimulated ROS Levels as Predictors of Islet Potency and Function

We have developed a luminol-based assay using intact islets, which allows for quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, an index capable of characterizing metabolic and mitochondrial integrity prior to transplantation was created based on the capacity of islets to respond to high glucose and rotenone (mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitor) by production of ROS. To validate this assay, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defense capacity were evaluated by detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), respectively. Also, flow cytometric analyses of ROS (dihydroethidine), apoptosis (Annexin V, active caspases), necrosis (Topro3), and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1) were done in parallel to correlate with changes in luminol-measured ROS. ATP/ADP ratios were quantified by HPLC and the predictive value of ROS measurement on islet functional potency was correlated with capacity to reverse diabetes in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic NOD.scid mouse model as well as in human transplant recipients. Our data demonstrate that levels of ROS in islets correlate with the percentage of apoptotic cells and their functional potency in vivo. The ROS indices following glucose and rotenone exposure are indicative of metabolic potency and mitochondrial integrity and can be used as surrogate markers to evaluate the quality of islets prior to transplantation.     

2004年聊城市东昌府区2类食品卫生质量抽检结果分析

[目的]了解东昌府区糕点、面包类与饼干类食品的卫生质量状况。[方法]对2004年在东昌府区城区及周边16个乡镇采集的糕点、面包类和饼干类样品检测资料进行分析。[结果]检测样品1 180份,合格率为84.41%。其中,糕点、面包类样品合格率为83.35%,城区合格率高于乡镇,生产加工单位合格率高于销售单位(P<0.01);饼干类样品合格率为87.30%,城区与乡镇、生产加工单位与销售单位样品的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不合格项目是菌落总数、大肠菌群、酸价和过氧化值。[结论]饼干类的合格率较高,糕点、面包类的合格率较低;销售单位糕点、面包类的卫生质量较差,乡镇样品的卫生问题较为突出。     

病理技术质量控制的探讨

病理技术是病理学诊断不可分割的一部分,正确的染色结果是病理诊断的重要依据之一.病理技术的规范与否,制片质量的好坏很大程度上影响病理医生作出正确的病理诊断.