Two distinct cell lines derived from a human osteosarcoma

Summary Two cell lines were established from a human osteosarcoma transplanted into athymic nude mice after the second (O9N2) and fifth passages (HuO9). Both cell lines expressed 1,25(OH)₂D₃-responsive alkaline phosphatase activity and produced tumors in the dorsum of nude mice that were histologically similar to the original tumor. However, the morphological and growth characteristics of the two cell lines differed. O9N2 cells were large and polygonal, whereas HuO9 cells showed spindle shapes. HuO9 cells had a higher growth rate and saturation density than O9N2 cells. The c-myc oncogene was amplified 4-to 8-fold in HuO9 cells but not in O9N2 cells. Both cell lines had a homozygous internal deletion, lacking the 7.4-kb HindIII fragment in the Rb gene. The results suggest the importance of the c-myc oncogene in the growth and morphological control of human osteosarcoma cells and of the Rb gene in the pathogenesis of the tumor.Abbreviations used ALP alkaline phosphatase - PBS phosphatebuffered saline - 1,25(OH)₂D₃ 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ - Rb gene retinoblastoma gene     

三七叶与茎HPLC的比较分析及Rb3含量的测定

目的：比较三七叶和三七茎的皂苷成分,为叶苷相关产品的质量提供技术保障。方法采用HPLC,对三七叶和三七茎的皂苷成分进行比较,其中主要以人参皂苷Rb3、Rb1的含量为考察指标。结果三七叶中主要成分为Rb3,其中三个产地的三七叶中Rb3平均含量为1.025%.三七茎秆中以Rb1为主,Rb3微量。结论三七叶和三七茎中主要皂苷成分有显著的差异,为保证叶苷产品的质量稳定,应重视生产原料的选择,控制三七叶和茎的比例。     

心乐胶囊对病毒性心肌炎模型小鼠TNF-α、TGF-β1mRNA表达的影响

目的：通过观察心乐胶囊对CVB3致病毒性心肌炎BABL/c小鼠TNF-α、TGF-β1 mRNA表达影响,探讨心乐胶囊治疗病毒性心肌炎的作用机制和疗效。方法：健康雄性BABL/c小鼠60只,随机数字表法分为6组：空白组、模型组、玉丹荣心丸组及心乐胶囊高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。利用原位杂交技术观察心乐胶囊对CVB3致病毒性心肌炎小鼠TNF-α、TGF-β1 mRNA表达影响。结果：与空白组比较,模型组小鼠心肌组织TNF-αmRNA表达增高,有显著差异（P〈0.05）,模型组小鼠心肌组织TGF-β1 mRNA表达增高,有显著差异（P〈0.01）;与模型组比较,玉丹荣心丸组、心乐胶囊各剂量组均可降低心肌组织TNF-αmRNA表达,有显著差异（P〈0.01）,玉丹荣心丸组、心乐胶囊各剂量组均可降低心肌组织TGF-β1 mRNA表达,有显著差异（P〈0.05）;与玉丹荣心丸组比较,心乐胶囊各剂量组均可使小鼠心肌组织TNF-α、TGF-β1 mRNA表达降低,有显著差异,其中以心乐胶囊高剂量组最为明显（P〈0.01）。结论：（1）心乐胶囊能够明显地降低病毒性心肌炎小鼠TNF-α、TGF-β1 mRNA表达。（2）心乐胶囊可以减轻心肌细胞炎症反应,抗心肌纤维化,保护心肌,减轻心肌的损伤。     

RNA as performance-enhancers for dendritic cells

Importance of the field: Although studies have demonstrated that antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DC) elicit antigen-specific immune responses, the clinical benefit from DC-based cancer immunotherapy remains low. RNA, in the form of mRNA, has not only been used as a source of antigen but more recently as a way to stimulate DC to produce immunostimulatory molecules. As siRNA it has allowed researchers to modify DC to produce a favorable cytokine profile or to present antigen that may generate the desired immune response.

Areas covered in this review: When loading DC with RNA that encodes immunostimulatory protein, rather than a source of antigen, optimal translation and efficient transfection into DC are critical. Studies addressing these issues and the functional consequences of modulating DC function are reviewed.

What the reader will gain: RNA can be used to load DC with antigen and to encode proteins that will enhance the immune response. Co-transfection with multiple mRNAs or mRNA plus siRNA can significantly improve vaccine efficacy.

Take home message: One conclusion from Phase I clinical trials with DC loaded with tumor antigen is that tumor-specific induction of immune responses is not sufficient to destroy pre-established tumors. The advantage of transfection with mRNA is the ability to load DC with antigen-encoding mRNA and immunostimulatory protein-encoding mRNA to achieve the desired clinical response.     

静脉血栓栓塞症患者血小板相关因子mRNA显著性差异表达的意义

目的：研究血小板在静脉血栓形成过程中的作用。方法：通过基因表达谱芯片检测20例静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）患者和20名健康对照者的血小板相关功能基因的mRNA表达水平,并比较2组间的差异。结果：VTE组血小板相关因子的mRNA表达与对照组相比有显著差异（P〈0．05）者只占所测基因的23．53％,其中黏附功能有3个基因mRNA表达升高（42．86％,P〈0．05）;聚集功能有4个基因mRNA表达升高（26．67％,P〈0．05）;释放功能有2个基因mRNA表达升高（12．50％,P〈0．05）。结论：血小板相关因子mRNA表达的差异性提示,在VTE过程中血小板仅发挥少部分功能,支持临床大规模试验所述的不提倡单独应用抗血小板药物治疗和预防VTE的结论,同时也提示静脉血栓形成的特殊性。     

Comparing immunogenicity and efficacy of two different mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines as a fourth dose; six-month follow-up,Israel, 27 December 2021 to 24 July 2022

We assess the immunogenicity and efficacy of Spikevax and Comirnaty as fourth dose COVID-19 vaccines. Six months post-fourth-dose, IgG levels were higher than pre-fourth dose at 1.58-fold (95% CI: 1.27–1.97) in Spikevax and 1.16-fold (95% CI: 0.98–1.37) in Comirnaty vaccinees. Nearly 60% (159/274) of vaccinees contracted SARS-CoV-2. Infection hazard ratios (HRs) for Spikevax (0.82; 95% CI: 0.62–1.09) and Comirnaty (0.86; 95% CI: 0.65–1.13) vaccinees were similar, as were substantial-disease HRs, i.e. 0.28 (95% CI: 0.13–0.62) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.27–0.96), respectively.