Specific amygdaloid nuclei are involved in suppression or propagation of epileptiform activity during transition stage between oral automatisms and generalized clonic seizures

Kindling is a model of the neural plasticity that occurs following stimulation to the brain, which can result in epileptogenesis. The amygdala (Am), one of the most sensitive structures from which to induce electrical kindling, is comprised of distinct nuclei that possess differences in threshold for seizure initiation, unique cellular and molecular morphology, and specific neuroanatomical connections within the amygdala and, to other cortical and subcortical brain structures. The aim of this study was to map the spread of epileptiform activity throughout the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres during the transition stage between oral automatisms and generalized clonic seizures, by measuring changes in mRNA expression for c-fos, NGFI-A, and BDNF. The stimulating electrode was implanted in either the basolateral (BL) or the lateral (CeL) or medial (CeM) subdivisions of the central nucleus of the amygdala. The rats were kindled once daily using afterdischarge-threshold electrical stimulation until the first forelimb clonic seizure was induced. They were sacrificed 30 min later, and their brains were prepared for in situ hybridization to measure mRNA expression of c-fos, NGFI-A and BDNF. The results demonstrate that: (1) the threshold to elicit an afterdischarge from the BL was lower than that of either the medial (CeM) or lateral (CeL) subdivisions of the Ce, which did not differ from each other; (2) the patterns of mRNA expression for c-fos, NGFI-A and BDNF were highly similar to each other when the stimulation site was the BL or the CeL, and included mainly limbic cortical and subcortical areas ipsilateral to the electrode; (3) c-fos was the only probe to be expressed in the contralateral hemisphere following the first motor seizure, and the pattern of its expression reflected a subset of structures recruited in the ipsilateral hemisphere including the claustrum, insular and perirhinal cortices; (4) unexpectedly, stimulation of the CeM elicited seizures and afterdischarges of shorter duration than those evoked by stimulation of the BL or CeL, and failed to increase mRNA expression for any of the probes in the hippocampus or in the contralateral hemisphere. A neuroanatomical model of Am-induced seizure propagation is proposed suggesting that the Claust–Ins–PRh play a pivotal role during the transition between oral automatisms and generalized clonic convulsions.     

实时定量PCR检测体外诱导条件下小鼠骨髓基质细胞S100mRNA表达水平变化

目的:检测S100 mRNA含量,初步探讨骨髓基质细胞体外诱导条件下向雪旺细胞样细胞分化的可能性。方法:采用差速贴壁的方法分离、培养小鼠骨髓基质细胞。经β-ME,ATRA,Forskolin,bFGF,PDGF,HRG体外诱导后,利用实时定量PCR检测S100 mRNA水平的变化。结果:诱导后,骨髓基质细胞S100 mRNA水平上升,诱导前后水平变化有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:实时定量PCR检测S100 mRNA含量具有较高的灵敏度和特异性。体外诱导后骨髓基质细胞S100 mRNA表达量增多。     

Lasting changes in NMDAR1 mRNA level in various regions of cerebral cortex in epileptogenesis of amygdaloid-kindled rat

The involvement of NMDA receptor subunit, NR1, with kindling phenomenon has been reported, but the role of NR1 in epileptogenesis is still unknown. We have examined the expression levels of NR1 mRNA in the cerebral cortices of amygdaloid-kindled rats. Northern blot analysis showed a significant increase in NR1 mRNA expression level in the ipsilateral frontal and temporal cortices at 4 weeks after the last generalized seizure. At the same time, NR1 mRNA decreased in the bilateral piriform cortices. These data suggest that NR1-mediated transmission may have an impact in the neurobiological basis of enduring epileptogenesis.     

乳铁蛋白对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响

目的观察乳铁蛋白(Lf)对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化的影响,初步探讨Lf对成骨细胞的作用机制。方法用不同浓度的Lf干预成骨细胞,在不同时间分别测定细胞数目的增殖、细胞内碱性磷酸酶活性,并用半定量RT-PCR法检测成骨细胞内RANKL/OPG mRNA基因的表达。结果Lf呈时间和浓度依赖性地促进大鼠成骨细胞增殖及碱性磷酸酶活性,每组实验在不同时间的差异均有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05),其中400μg/ml组在72h时细胞增殖数目达到最大。在碱性磷酸酶活性方面,400μg/ml组在72h时则有所下降。不同浓度Lf、不同作用时间均能促使成骨细胞中OPG mRNA表达增加,同时抑制RANKL mRNA表达。结论Lf能促进成骨细胞的增殖分化,并且能够调节成骨细胞RANKL/ OPG mRNA表达,从而抑制破骨细胞介导的骨吸收。     

Identification of Potential mRNA Biomarkers in Milk Small Extracellular Vesicles of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis Cattle

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a disease caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV); only a small percentage of BLV-infected cattle develop EBL and present with B-cell lymphosarcoma. There is no vaccine against BLV, treatment for EBL, or method for predicting the possibility of EBL onset, thus making EBL control difficult. Herein, to explore biomarkers for EBL in milk, we examined the mRNA profiles of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in milk from four BLV-uninfected and four EBL cattle by microarray analysis. It was revealed that 14 mRNAs were encapsulated in significantly higher quantities, and these mRNAs were therefore selected as biomarker candidates. Primers for these mRNAs were designed, and nine primer sets were available for quantitative real-time PCR. Nine mRNAs were evaluated for their availability as biomarkers for EBL using sEVs from newly-collected milk of 7 uninfected and 10 EBL cattle. The quantities of eight mRNAs (TMEM156, SRGN, CXCL8, DEFB4A, FABP5, LAPTM5, LGALS1, and VIM) were significantly higher in milk sEVs of EBL cattle than in those of uninfected cattle. Therefore, our findings indicate that these eight mRNAs in milk sEVs can be used as potential EBL biomarkers with combination use, although single mRNA use is not enough. Consequently, cattle at risk of EBL onset can be identified by monitoring the fluctuation in quantities of these mRNAs in milk before they develop EBL.     

UPLC法测定一捻金中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb1的含量

目的:建立超高效液相色谱法测定一捻金中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb1含量的方法。方法:色谱柱:ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8μm);流速:0.21 ml·min-1;柱温:30℃;流动相:乙腈-水梯度洗脱;检测波长:203 nm;进样量:1μl。结果:人参皂苷Rg1在浓度为0.020 3~0.303 9 mg·ml-1时线性关系良好(r=0.999 6),平均回收率为99.05%,RSD为1.3%(n=6);人参皂苷Re在浓度为0.020 2~0.302 7 mg·ml-1时线性关系良好(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为101.31%,RSD为1.1%(n=6);人参皂苷Rb1在浓度为0.020 3~0.305 1 mg·ml-1时线性关系良好,r=0.999 8,平均回收率为100.71%,RSD为0.9%(n=6)。结论:该方法简单、准确,可同时测定3种人参皂苷的含量,可作为一捻金的质量控制。     

乳腺癌组织中TRβ1基因表达及临床意义

目的:探讨甲状腺素受体β1(TRβ1)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法:运用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测40例乳腺癌及10例正常乳腺组织中TRβ1基因表达情况。结果:TRβ1基因在10例正常乳腺组织中全部表达,而TRβ1基因在40例乳腺癌组织中mRNA表达下降34例(85%)。乳腺癌组织中TRβ1基因表达明显低于正常乳腺组织(P<0.05)。不同年龄的患者TRβ1基因mRNA的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在不同临床分期、淋巴有无结转移、ER的阳性与阴性表达及肿瘤大小不同的患者中,TRβ1基因mRNA的表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TRβ1在乳腺癌的浸润和转移方面起重要作用,可成为评估乳腺癌严重程度的新指标。     

平调饮对原发性肝癌AFP mRNA、GPC-3 mRNA影响的研究

目的探讨平调饮对原发性肝癌患者AFP mRNA、GPC-3 mRNA表达的影响。方法抽取60例肝癌患者的抗凝血液,配对法随机分为试验组和对照组各30例。采用Tr-Izol一步法提取总RNA,用逆转录巢式聚合酶链反应(RT-nested PCR)技术检测治疗前后试验组及对照组患者AFP mRNA、GPC-3 mRNA的表达情况。结果治疗后试验组及对照组AFP mRNA、GPC-3 mRNA表达均显著下降,在降低AFP mRNA表达方面试验组与对照组无显著性差异,降低GPC-3 mRNA表达方面试验组明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论平调饮能有效抑制人血液中AFP mRNA、GPC-3 mRNA的高表达,在降低GPC-3 mRNA表达方面效果优于华蟾素。其治疗原发性肝癌机制与临床应用价值值得进一步研究。